DISEÑO DE UN CONTROLADOR DIFUSO PARA EL ESTACIONAMIENTO DE UN AUTOMÓVIL EN REVERSA

El estacionamiento de un automóvil en reversa es una de las situaciones que más puede llevar la atención del cualquier conductor. La necesidad de tomar la decisión adecuada para realizar el estacionamiento de forma rápida o lenta, mover la cabrilla en el sentido indicado y con el ángulo correspondiente hace que los conductores tengan más cuidado y ejerzan una mayor destreza. En el presente trabajo se realiza el planteamiento, de un controlador difuso que permita realizar el manejo adecuado de un automóvil en reversa. Para esto, se utilizan como base archivos de Matlab® para implementar los conjuntos difusos, el sistema de inferencia difuso y la defusificación que permitan observar la forma como un operario experto podría hacer la respectiva tare

DISEÑO DE UN CONTROLADOR DIFUSO PARA EL ESTACIONAMIENTO DE UN AUTOMÓVIL EN REVERSA

El estacionamiento de un automóvil en reversa es una de las situaciones que más puede llevar la atención del cualquier conductor. La necesidad de tomar la decisión adecuada para realizar el estacionamiento de forma rápida o lenta, mover la cabrilla en el sentido indicado y con el ángulo correspondiente hace que los conductores tengan más cuidado y ejerzan una mayor destreza. En el presente trabajo se realiza el planteamiento, de un controlador difuso que permita realizar el manejo adecuado de un automóvil en reversa. Para esto, se utilizan como base archivos de Matlab® para implementar los conjuntos difusos, el sistema de inferencia difuso y la defusificación que permitan observar la forma como un operario experto podría hacer la respectiva tare

Controlador de Tráfico Inteligente con Prelación para Vehículos de Emergencia

This paper describes the development of a traffic controller using fuzzy logic, combined with the analysis of video sequences through machine vision techniques. The controller is able to automatically manage the traffic flow in a set of intersections, giving priority to the traffic lights of roads where there are emergency vehicles waiting. The system uses a classification algorithm, which is trained in order to detect any vehicle the scene and an image processing algorithm that identifies emergency vehicles within the previously detected vehicles. Using the information of video sequences acquired with CCD cameras installed on the intersections, the system choose the sequence of actions that improves the traffic flow, so as to increase the mobility in the road where the emergency vehicle is detected. Results show that the system is able to detect vehicles in real time. Also, the system adapts in an efficient and fast way to the changes in traffic flow in order to establish a priority road for emergency vehicles.Este artículo presenta el desarrollo de un controlador de tráfico por lógica difusa, el cual mediante el análisis de secuencias de video y por medio de técnicas de procesamiento de imagen, es capaz de distinguir y gestionar de manera autónoma y centralizada el flujo vehicular en un grupo de intersecciones a fin de dar prelación en la vía a vehículos de emergencias. El sistema emplea un algoritmo de clasificación entrenado para detectar los vehículos presentes en una escena y un algoritmo de procesamiento de imagen que permite identificar si alguno de ellos corresponde o no, a un vehículo de emergencia. Usando la información proveniente de las secuencias de video adquiridas mediante cámaras CCD ubicadas en las intersecciones, el sistema selecciona la secuencia de acciones que prioricen el flujo vehicular dentro de la zona de control, y que permitan descongestionar las posibles vías de desplazamiento del vehículo de emergencia. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el sistema es capaz de realizar la detección vehicular en tiempo real y que además permite adaptar rápida y eficientemente los cambios de flujo a fin de establecer una vía prioritaria

Manos Robóticas Antropomórficas: una revisión

This paper presents a review on main topic regarding to anthropomorphic robotic hands developed in the last years, taking into account the more important mechatronics designs submit on the literature, and making a comparison between them. The next chapters deepen on level of anthropomorphism and dexterity in advanced actuated hands and upper limbs prostheses, as well as a brief overview on issues such as grasping, transmission mechanisms, sensory and actuator system, and also a short introduction on under-actuated robotic hands is reported.Este artículo presenta una revisión de los principales desarrollos que se han hecho en los últimos años en manos robóticas antropomórficas. Las primeras secciones tratan temas como el grado de antropomorfismo y de destreza en las manos robóticas más avanzadas, incluyendo una comparación entre ellas. También se abordan temas como la capacidad de agarre de los efectores finales, los mecanismos de trasmisión, el sistema actuador y sensórico, así como una breve introducción al tema de manos robóticas sub-actuadas. Dirección de correspondencia: Carrera 11 # 101-80, Bogotá (Colombia)

Análisis cinemático y diseño de un mecanismo de cuatro barras para falange proximal de dedo antropomórfico

This paper shows the kinematic analysis and a parametric design methodology of the proximal phalanx for an anthropomorphic finger using a one degree-of-freedom. The mechanism design is done by taking ten positions from its output bar. A dynamic simulation is given using a CAD model to verify the feasibility of the mechanism results. Finally, we show the comparative analysis between kinematics numerically obtained and other experimental results.En este artículo, se presenta el análisis cinemático y una metodología de diseño paramétrico de la falange proximal para un dedo antropomórfico1 de un grado de libertad. El diseño del mecanismo se lleva a cabo, tomando diez posiciones de la barra de salida del mismo. Se presenta la simulación dinámica, utilizando un modelo de CAD para comprobar la factibilidad de los resultados obtenidos por el mecanismo. Por último, se muestra el análisis comparativo entre los resultados de la cinemática obtenidos numéricamente y los experimentales

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health(4,5). However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.Peer reviewe

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Identificación de sistemas

Identificación es la obtención de modelos dinámicos,  ecuaciones para describir el comportamiento de un sistema a través del estudio de las señales de entrada y de salida. Podría definirse entonces como el campo de construir modelos a partir de datos experimentales, con el fin de tener herramientas fundamentales en el diseño sistemas de control