Reopening ECEC services for children under three amidst the pandemic: investigating the association of health measures with pedagogical practices and children's well-being

In Portugal, early childhood education and care services for children under-three were the first educational services to reopen after periods of lockdown. COVID-19 prevention and control measures had to be implemented nationwide, but no knowledge was yet produced on their impact in educational settings. This study aimed to map the implementation of COVID-19 prevention and control measures and examine associations among prevention and control measures, perceived changes to pedagogical practices and children's well-being in early childhood education and care services for children under three. In this study, 1098 early childhood education and care professionals from all districts completed an online survey during January and February 2021. Results indicated that prevention and control measures were widely implemented. Furthermore, early childhood education and care professionals who started to implement prevention and control measures more frequently were more likely to perceive a reinforcement of their pedagogical practices at the level of adult-child interaction, emotional climate, and interaction with families, and reported higher levels of children's well-being. Findings highlighted the potential role of pedagogical practices in mitigating the effects of COVID-19 in early childhood education and care services for children under-three.Open access funding provided by FCT vertical bar FCCN (b-on). This work was supported by the Social Observatory of "la Caixa" Foundation under Grant number LL20-03. The inED is funded by National Funds through the FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, I.P., under the scope of the project UIDP/05198/2020

O impacto do investimento direto estrangeiro (IDE) na geração de conhecimento e inovação no Polo industrial de Manaus (PIM): uma análise no espaço de tempo de dez anos (2011-2020): The impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the generation of knowledge and innovation in the Manaus Industrial Pole (PIM): a ten-year timeframe analysis (2011-2020)

Neste trabalho buscamos analisar o impacto do investimento estrangeiro na geração de conhecimento e inovação dentro do Polo industrial de Manaus, o motivo pelo qual essa pesquisa se torna significativa é a ideia de que os incentivos da SUFRAMA são primordiais para a a geração de desenvolvimento Regional na região norte do país, mais especificamente na cidade de Manaus, sede do PIM. Adotamos como metodologia a pesquisa qualitativa de informações e conceitos importantes bem como quantitativa no sentindo de averiguar a correlação entre IDE (investimento direto estrangeiro) e Inovação e conhecimento. Vale ressaltar que um dos motivos principais dessa abordagem se refere ao alcance de vantagens competitivas para as empresas. Esse alcance permeia pela questão do desenvolvimento regional já que as empresas alocadas no mercado atual devem ter capacidade de adaptação a várias circunstâncias mercadologicas e inovativas daí advindo aspectos teóricos que tratam de mudanças empresariais, inovação e conhecimento como fator de competitividade no mercado globalizado. Um dos motivos principais dessa abordagem se refere ao alcance de vantagens competitivas para as organizações/empresas. Para o autor deste trabalho, esse alcance ondula pela questão do desenvolvimento regional, já que as empresas alocadas no mercado atual devem ter a capacidade de adaptação às diversas circunstâncias mercadológicas e inovativas, daí advindo critérios teóricos que tratam de mudanças empresariais; inovação e conhecimento; gestão do conhecimento, entre outras denominações (DAVENPORT e PRUSAK, 1998; AMAL e KEGEL, 2006)

Conflitos e negociações nas organizações um estudo de casos: na Empresa Kaizen do Brasil LTDA / Conflicts and negotiations in organizations a case study: at Kaizen do Brasil LTDA

Na história da humanidade a sociedade passa por diversas transformações sociais, políticas, industriais e tecnológicas. Dentre essas transformações os avanços, em especial, da ciência e tecnologia tornaram os ambientes de trabalho mais competitivos e com maior possibilidade de conflitos. Logo, a interdependência de pessoas nas situações relacionadas ao âmbito de trabalho tem merecido estudos para compreender como se dão e como minimizar possíveis problemas dela decorrentes. Há pouco tempo uma sociedade sem conflitos era encarado como um lugar saudável para as pessoas, já nas organizações isto era visto como sinal de competência. Por isso os conflitos que foram aparecendo eram vistos de forma negativa, resultado do mau comportamento prejudicando o bom relacionamento das pessoas e consequentemente o bom desempenho das organizações. Em qualquer organização que exista interação entre indivíduos há situações conflituosas e, cabe ao gestor pensar a melhor maneira de resolvê-las e/ou negociá-las. De acordo com os especialistas, as divergências de ideias e percepções dos indivíduos envolvidos dentro da organização pode gerar instabilidade tornando-se fator preocupante, ou seja, se as emoções determinarem como conduzir o conflito há grande probabilidade criar efeitos desastrosos nas relações. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é identificar na literatura formas de conflitos ocorridos dentro das organizações, os níveis existentes, os estilos de gestão, e as estratégias de negociação para solucioná-los. Através deste trabalho, espera-se que os objetivos aqui propostos sejam alcançados e que este sirva de embasamento para outros trabalhos e que esta temática continue sendo a cada dia mais estudada. No contexto extraordinariamente dinâmico em que mudanças ocorrem dentro das organizações, impulsionadas quer por novas tecnologias massificadas através da tecnologia da informação, quer pela globalização e interação entre as tantas culturas presentes em uma mesma corporação concluímos serem inevitáveis e até mesmo necessários que ocorram os conflitos. Concluímos também que para conduzir estas mudanças as maturidades da liderança e da chefia podem minimizar, podem evitar ou mesmo ampliar os conflitos que são provindos de uma transformação. Em nosso estudo de caso específico, a falta de alinhamento de metas entre as parte envolvidas acabou por suscitar um conflito que ainda que tenha que o causador tenha alcançado seu objetivo, lhe custou o cargo em que trabalhava. Assim, portanto, devemos estar atentos a todos os aspectos geradores do conflito, os tipos de comportamento dos envolvidos no conflito e realizarmos umas chamadas críticas construtivas a fim de obtermos os melhores resultados possíveis entre as partes ou situações conflitantes

Resultados organizacional e o fortalecimento da gestão / Organizational results and management strengthening

A liderança é um tema recorrente no mundo acadêmico, e, há muito tempo vem sendo tema importante de pesquisa, tendo em vista os benefícios alcançados a partir de seu desenvolvimento dentro das organizações, que vão desde aprimoramento das relações interpessoais até mesmo resultados diretos dentro das organizações focada em vantagem competitiva. Como as organizações podem elevar seus resultados a partir do fortalecimento da gestão de pessoas? Analisar como as organizações podem elevar seus resultados a partir do fortalecimento da gestão de pessoas. Enquanto objetivos específicos apresenta os seguintes tópicos: descrever gestão organizacional gestão de processo, gestão de resultados e gestão de pessoas, apresentar os conceitos de motivação, liderança e comunicação. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica foram analisadas as razões pelas quais as organizações podem elevar seus resultados a partir do fortalecimento da gestão de pessoas

Distribution Patterns of Infection with Multiple Types of Human Papillomaviruses and Their Association with Risk Factors

Background: Infection with multiple types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the main risk factors associated with the development of cervical lesions. In this study, cervical samples collected from 1, 810 women with diverse sociocultural backgrounds, who attended to their cervical screening program in different geographical regions of Colombia, were examined for the presence of cervical lesions and HPV by Papanicolau testing and DNA PCR detection, respectively. Principal Findings: The negative binomial distribution model used in this study showed differences between the observed and expected values within some risk factor categories analyzed. Particularly in the case of single infection and coinfection with more than 4 HPV types, observed frequencies were smaller than expected, while the number of women infected with 2 to 4 viral types were higher than expected. Data analysis according to a negative binomial regression showed an increase in the risk of acquiring more HPV types in women who were of indigenous ethnicity (+37.8%), while this risk decreased in women who had given birth more than 4 times (-31.1%), or were of mestizo (-24.6%) or black (-40.9%) ethnicity. Conclusions: According to a theoretical probability distribution, the observed number of women having either a single infection or more than 4 viral types was smaller than expected, while for those infected with 2-4 HPV types it was larger than expected. Taking into account that this study showed a higher HPV coinfection rate in the indigenous ethnicity, the role of underlying factors should be assessed in detail in future studies.This project was funded by Asociacion Investigacion Solidaria SADAR, Caja Navarra (Navarra, Spain) and the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID) (Project 08-CAP2-0609)

Uso de AAS em pacientes cardiopatas e ocorrência de Úlcera Perfurada quais as melhores soluções? uma revisão sistemática com metánalise

A administração do ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) é uma das medidas indicadaspelos médicos em caso de suspeita de infarto agudo do miocárdio. De acordo com os especialistas, o medicamento serve para diminuir a agregação de plaquetas e inibir a formação de coágulos no interior das artérias. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar na literatura o uso do Ácido Acetilsalicílico (AAS) em pessoas cardiopatas e sua possível relação com o aparecimento de úlcera. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática com base em publicações, dos último cinco anos, que essa temática, extraídas de bases de dados eletrônicas como Scielo, PubMed, Lilacs, BVS, Embase e Medline, em língua inglesa e portuguesa. Dos estudo que se aproximaram do objetivo da pesquisa, muitos não relataram a estreita relação entre o uso AAS e o surgimento de úlcera. Assim, espera-se que este estudo sirva de incentivo para que mais estudos sejam realizados sobre essa temática afim de estabelecer e conhecer se há alguma relação entre o fármaco e a doença

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI &lt;18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school&#x2;aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI &lt;2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI &gt;2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit