Quality of frozen coipo meat

Para establecer el lapso de aptitud de la carne de nutria conservada por congelación a -18 ºC, se trabajó con los cuartos posteriores de 20 animales criados y faenados en la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Las piezas maduras se acondicionaron individualmente en bolsas de polietileno, se congelaron y se almacenaron a -18 ºC. Al comenzar el ensayo se reservaron 3 muestras para suestudio (testigos) y mensualmente y al azar se descongelaron, a 4 ºC, tres piezas. Cada una fue deshuesada, picada y homogeneizada. Los análisis químicos realizados por triplicado fueron: nitrógeno básico volátil (N.B.V.), Índice del ácido tiobarbitúrico (T.B.A.) y reacción colorimétrica de Kreiss. El estudio estadístico consistió en ajustar diversos modelos, probar su validez, analizando los residuos en cada caso y, en base a los coeficientes de determinación ajustados, aplicar el análisis de regresión simple lineal y probar su significancia. Durante la conservación el N.B.V. se incrementa linealmente, sin sup erar el máximo de 30 mg%g de carne establecido en el Código Alimetario Argentino; el T.B.A. aumenta en forma exponencial, presentando una mayor dispersión de los resultados, cuya tabulación se indica en pág. 76. Luego, la carne de nutria almacenada a -18 ºC, comienza a perder su aptitud para el consumo a los 6 meses de almacenamiento por el incremento de la oxidación de los lípidos.The later quarters of 20 animals reared and killed in the Faculty of Science Agrarian, were used in order to establish the aptitude lapse of coipo meat storage by freezing at -1 8°C. T he mature parts, individually conditioned in polietilene bags, were freezing and storage at -18°C. At the beginning of the trial, preserved 3 samples for their study (witness = time 0), and then, monthly and at random, 3 parts were defrosted at 4°C. Each one was boned, minced and homogeniced. The chemical analysis -made by triplicate-were: vo latile b asic n itro gen (N.B.V.), tiobarbituric acid index (T.B.A.), and Kreiss reaction. The statistic study consisted in: to adjust differents models, to prove their validity (analysing the residues in each case and on the basis of the adjusted determination coeffic ients), to apply the lin ear simp le reg ressio n an alysis and to prove its significance. The N.B.V. increase linearly alon g the storag e, no n surpassing the maximum (established in the C.A.A.) of 30 mg%g of meat. The T.B.A. increase in the exponential way with the storage, presenting a greater dispersion of the results, such is indicated in page 74. So, the c oipo meat storag e at -18 °C loses its aptitud e fo r consumption at 6 month by the increase of the lipids oxidation.Fil: Rosa, Medina de Dias. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Tecnología AgroindustrialFil: Mónica, Zimmermann. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Tecnología AgroindustrialFil: Laura, Sánchez. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Tecnología AgroindustrialFil: Alejandro, Cantisani. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Tecnología Agroindustria

Low fat beef patties : evaluation of lipids contents

Se determinó el porcentaje de retención de agua y grasa al finalizar la cocción de hamburguesas elaboradas con distintos cortes bovinos magros. Con posterioridad se las evaluó sensorialmente. Los cortes utilizados fueron de cuadril, bola de lomo y nalga. Se aplicó diseño factorial dispuesto en parcelas completamente al azar (α = 0,05) para determinar humedad y grasa en muestras crudas y cocidas. El análisis sensorial consistió en un test de ranking . El ANOVA correspondiente a la variable humedad arrojó resultados significativos para el efecto corte de carne, el de estado de cocción y su interacción. La prueba de Duncan y el análisis de la tendencia demostraron que la menor pérdida de humedad corresponde a las hamburguesas cocidas de cuadril. Respecto a la variable grasa sólo resultó significativa la interacción. El análisis de los efectos simples indicó que las hamburguesas con menor contenido graso, después de la cocción, son las de cuadril. La evaluación sensorial indicó que no hay diferencias significativas en la preferencia de los distintos cortes (α = 0,05). Conclusiones: el cuadril retiene más humedad y pierde más grasa durante la cocción. De acuerdo con la evaluación sensorial es indistinto usar cualquiera de los tres cortes para elaborar hamburguesas hipograsas.To determine water and fat percentage after cooking of beef patties, made whith three low fat cow muscles and to choise, the best muscle through sensory evaluation. Materials and methods: gluteus, rectus femoris and semimembranosus were used. A factorial design, in parcels completely at random, was appled in order to determine moisture and fat in raw and cooked patties (α = 0,05). A rank test was used for sensory analysis The ANOVA for moisture was significant for muscle, cooking and their interaction. Duncan test and trend analysis showed that gluteus cooked patties had the smaller loss of moisture. In the fat variable, only the interaction was significative. Simple effects analysis showed that low fat patties before cooking were those ones of gluteus. Sensory analysis showed there was no statistical difference (α = 0,05). Conclusions: gluteus has more moisture and less fat during cooking. According to sensory analysis, it can be used gluteus, rectus femoris or semimembranosus to manufacture cow low fat patties.Fil: Medina de Dias, Rosa. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Tecnología AgroindustrialFil: Amadío, Claudia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Tecnología AgroindustrialFil: Raimondo, Emilia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Tecnología AgroindustrialFil: Espejo, Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Tecnología AgroindustrialFil: Zimmermann, Mónica. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Tecnología AgroindustrialFil: Dip, Gladys. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Tecnología AgroindustrialFil: Dupertuis, Liliana. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Biomatemática y Fisicoquímic

The International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce (INPST) and the power of Twitter networking exemplified through #INPST hashtag analysis

Background: The development of digital technologies and the evolution of open innovation approaches have enabled the creation of diverse virtual organizations and enterprises coordinating their activities primarily online. The open innovation platform titled "International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce" (INPST) was established in 2018, to bring together in collaborative environment individuals and organizations interested in natural product scientific research, and to empower their interactions by using digital communication tools. Methods: In this work, we present a general overview of INPST activities and showcase the specific use of Twitter as a powerful networking tool that was used to host a one-week "2021 INPST Twitter Networking Event" (spanning from 31st May 2021 to 6th June 2021) based on the application of the Twitter hashtag #INPST. Results and Conclusion: The use of this hashtag during the networking event period was analyzed with Symplur Signals (https://www.symplur.com/), revealing a total of 6,036 tweets, shared by 686 users, which generated a total of 65,004,773 impressions (views of the respective tweets). This networking event's achieved high visibility and participation rate showcases a convincing example of how this social media platform can be used as a highly effective tool to host virtual Twitter-based international biomedical research events

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks