Multi Hazard Risk Assessment Using GIS Techniques in the Mbo Area of Nigeria

The study area Mbo and environs of South Eastern Nigeria are experiencing frequent inundation by flood and erosion hence this research is aimed at generating vulnerability hazard and risk maps as decision support tools for policy makers. Rainfall, elevation, slope, soil association and hydrology were used as input layers to model the hazard layers while population density, vegetation and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used to model the vulnerability layers. Risk maps were generated weighting and combining the Hazard and vulnerability layers using the Single Output Map Algebra function of Arcmap soft ware. The final multi hazard risk map , derived by combining the flood and erosion risk maps shoed that 119.62km2 (15.12%), 193.94km2 (24.52%), 292.33km2 (36.95%) and 185.20km2 (23.41%). The study, using GIS, has revealed an objective way of understanding and dealing with the impact of hazards in the study area

Handling heat‐stable salts in post‐combustion CO₂ capture: A detailed survey

The generation of heat‐stable salts (HSSs) in alkanolamine solutions for CO2 capture processes, which is adapted for power plant technologies, exists irrespective of the class of amine solution used for the capture process. Their presence do not only trigger decrements in the CO2 absorption capacities of the solvents and contribute to further alkanolamine degradation, but also result in foaming and loss of solvents, which impacts system economics and threatens the environment. HSSs also promote the corrosiveness of the metallic structures of capture systems by lowering the pH and increasing the conductivity of the absorbent solutions. Overall, these effects substantially subvert the reliability and integrity of CO2 capture units. This survey affords sufficient background on the existence of HSSs by unraveling the flow process in a typical alkanolamine‐based CO2 capture unit with respect to their formation points and potential threats. Furthermore, the major HSSs removal and alkanolamine reclamation methodologies (electrodialysis, distillation, ion exchange, electromagnetic separation, and solvent extraction) were comprehensively explored. We believe that this review paper will benefit researchers across disciplines as we continue to explore new and complex solvent formulations to minimize the cost of CO2 capture while maximizing efficiency<br/

Developments in anticorrosive organic coatings modulated by nano/microcontainers with porous matrices

The durability and functionality of many metallic structures are seriously threatened by corrosion, which makes the development of anticorrosive coatings imperative. This state-of-the-art survey explores the recent developments in the field of anticorrosive organic coatings modulated by innovations involving nano/microcontainers with porous matrices. The integration of these cutting-edge delivery systems seeks to improve the protective properties of coatings by enabling controlled release, extended durability, targeted application of corrosion inhibitors, and can be co-constructed to achieve defect filling by polymeric materials. The major highlight of this review is an in-depth analysis of the functionalities provided by porous nano/microcontainers in the active protection and self-healing of anticorrosive coatings, including their performance evaluation. In one case, after 20 days of immersion in 0.1 M NaCl, a scratched coating containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with an inhibitor benzotriazole and shelled with polydopamine (MSNs-BTA@PDA) exhibited coating restoration indicated by a sustained corrosion resistance rise over an extended period monitored by impedance values at 0.01 Hz frequency, rising from 8.3 × 104 to 7.0 × 105 Ω cm2, a trend assigned to active protection by the release of inhibitors and self-healing capabilities. Additionally, some functions related to anti-fouling and heat preservation by nano/microcontainers are highlighted. Based on the literature survey, some desirable properties, current challenges, and prospects of anticorrosive coatings doped with nano/microcontainers have been summarized. The knowledge gained from this survey will shape future research directions and applications in a variety of industrial areas, in addition to advancing smart corrosion prevention technology

Thigh-length compression stockings and DVT after stroke

Controversy exists as to whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with invasive bladder cancer, despite randomised controlled trials of more than 3000 patients. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of such treatment on survival in patients with this disease