Pengaruh Pemberian Kuis dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Madrasah Aliyah di Pondok Pesantren Darul Fatah Air Tiris Kampar Utara .

ABSTRAK Lushy Ramadhanti, (٢٠٢٠) : Pengaruh Pemberian Kuis dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Madrasah Aliyah di Pondok Pesantren Darul Fatah Air Tiris Kampar Utara . Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Pemberian Kuis dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Madrasah Aliyah di Pondok Pesantren Darul Fatah. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah “ Apakah Pemberian Kuis dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab berpengaruh terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Madrasah Aliyah di Pondok Pesantren Darul Fatah Air Tiris Kampar Utara? “. Penelitian ini dimulai dari merancang langkah pembelajaran pelaksanaan observasi, dan test. Populasi penelitian adalah Seluruh Siswa Madrasah Aliyah di Pondok Pesantren Darul Fatah Air Tiris Kampar Utara, dengan sampel kelas X Madrasah Aliyah di Pondok Pesantren Darul Fatah Air Tiris Kampar Utara. Instrument yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari observasi dan test. Dari analisis data yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pemberian Kuis dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab berpengaruh terhadap Hasil Belajar siswa Madrasah Aliyah di Pondok Pesantren Darul Fatah Air Tiris Kampar Utara. Karena nilai To = ٥,٣٧ lebih besar dari Tt pada taraf signifikansi ١٪ = ٢,٨٣ dan taraf signifikansi ٥٪ = ٢,٠٩. Ini berarti bahwa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Kata Kunci : Pengaruh, Kuis, Hasil Belaja

An insight into the assembly and organization of Photosystem <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">I complex in thylakoid membranes of the thermophilic cyanobacterium, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Mastigocladus laminosus</i> </span>

405-417The present study characterizes the assembly and organization of Photosystem I (PSI) complex, and its individual subuni ts into the thylakoid membranes of the thermophilic cyanobacterium, Mastigocladus laminosus. PSI is a multiprotein complex that contains peripheral as well as integral subunits. Hence. it serves as a suitable model system for understanding the formation and organization of membrane protein complexes. In the present study, two peripheral cytosol facing subunits of PSI. namely, PsaD and PsaE were overexpressed in E. coli and used for assembly studies. The gene encoding PsaK, an integral membrane spanning subunit of PSI, was cloned and the deduced amino acid sequence revealed PsaK to have two transmembrane α-helices. The characterization of the in vitro assembly of the peripheral subunits. PsaD and PsaE, as well as or the integral subunit, PsaK, was performed by incubating each subunit with thylakoids isolated from Mostigocladus laminosus. All three subunits studied were found to assemble into the thylakoids in a spontaneous mechanism, showing no requirement for eytosolic factors or NTP's (nucleotide 5'-triphosphate). Nevertheless. further characterization of the assembly of PsaK revealed its membrane integration to be most efficient at 55°C.   The associations and protein-protein interactions between different subunits within the assembled PSI complex were directly quantified by measurements performed using the BIACORE technology. The preliminary results indicated the existence of specific interaction between PsaD and PsaE. and revealed a very high binding affinity between PsaD and the PSI electron acceptor ferridoxin (Kd = 5.8 10-11 M). PsaE has exhibited a much lower binding affinity for ferridoxin (Kd = 3.1 10-11 M). thereby supporting the possibility of PsaE being one of the subunits responsible for the dissociation of ferridoxin from the PSI complex. </span

Photosynthetic Hydrogen Production by a Hybrid Complex of Photosystem I and [NiFe]-Hydrogenase

Krassen H, Schwarze A, Friedrich B, Ataka K, Lenz O, Heberle J. Photosynthetic Hydrogen Production by a Hybrid Complex of Photosystem I and [NiFe]-Hydrogenase. ACS NANO. 2009;3(12):4055-4061.Nature provides key components for generating fuels from renewable resources in the form of enzymatic nanomachines which catalyze crucial steps in biological energy conversion, for example, the photosynthetic apparatus, which transforms solar power into chemical energy, and hydrogenases, capable of generating molecular hydrogen. As sunlight is usually used to synthesize carbohydrates, direct generation of hydrogen from light represents an exception in nature. On the molecular level, the crucial step for conversion of solar energy into H-2 lies in the efficient electronic coupling of photosystem I and hydrogenase. Here we show the stepwise assembly of a hybrid complex consisting of photosystem I and hydrogenase on a solid gold surface. This device gave rise to light-induced H-2 evolution. Hydrogen production is possible at far higher potential and thus lower energy compared to those of previously described (bio)nanoelectronic devices that did not employ the photosynthesis apparatus. The successful demonstration of efficient solar-to-hydrogen conversion may serve as a blueprint for the establishment of this system in a living organism with the paramount advantage of self-replication

Subunit exchange in protein complexes

Over the past 50 years, protein complexes have been studied with techniques such as X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy, generating images which although detailed are static and homogeneous. More recently, limited application of in vivo fluorescence and other techniques has revealed that many complexes previously thought stable and compositionally uniform are dynamically variable, continually exchanging components with a freely circulating pool of “spares.” Here, we consider the purpose and prevalence of protein exchange, first reviewing the ongoing story of exchange in the bacterial flagella motor, before surveying reports of exchange in complexes across all domains of life, together highlighting great diversity in timescales and functions. Finally, we put this in the context of high-throughput proteomic studies which hint that exchange might be the norm, rather than an exception