3,786 research outputs found
Fundamental Approach to the Cosmological Constant Issue
The issue of the cosmological constant is discussed in details and a solution
to the problem is suggested.Comment: 13 pages in LaTeX with 3 figures in eps files, paper presented at the
Fifth Friedmann Seminar; the cls file necessary for successful PostScript
generation is also attache
Spheroidal and elliptical galaxy radial velocity dispersion determined from Cosmological General Relativity
Radial velocity dispersion in spheroidal and elliptical galaxies, as a
function of radial distance from the center of the galaxy, has been derived
from Cosmological Special Relativity. For velocity dispersions in the outer
regions of spherical galaxies, the dynamical mass calculated for a galaxy using
Carmelian theory may be 10 to 100 times less than that calculated from standard
Newtonian physics. This means there is no need to include halo dark matter. The
velocity dispersion is found to be approximately constant across the galaxy
after falling from an initial high value at the center.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Particle Pair Production in Cosmological General Relativity
The Cosmological General Relativity (CGR) of Carmeli, a 5-dimensional (5-D)
theory of time, space and velocity, predicts the existence of an acceleration
a_0 = c / tau due to the expansion of the universe, where c is the speed of
light in vacuum, tau = 1 / h is the Hubble-Carmeli time constant, where h is
the Hubble constant at zero distance and no gravity.
The Carmeli force on a particle of mass m is F_c = m a_0, a fifth force in
nature.
In CGR, the effective mass density rho_eff = rho - rho_c, where rho is the
matter density and rho_c is the critical mass density which we identify with
the vacuum mass density rho_vac = -rho_c.
The fields resulting from the weak field solution of the Einstein field
equations in 5-D CGR and the Carmeli force are used to hypothesize the
production of a pair of particles.
The mass of each particle is found to be m = tau c^3 / 4 G, where G is
Newton's constant.
The vacuum mass density derived from the physics is rho_vac = -rho_c = -3 /
(8 pi G tau^2).
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) black body radiation at the temperature
T_o = 2.72548 K which fills that volume is found to have a relationship to the
ionization energy of the Hydrogen atom. Define the radiation energy
epsilon_gamma = (1 - g) m c^2 / N_gamma, where (1-g) is the fraction of the
initial energy m c^2 which converts to photons, g is a function of the baryon
density parameter Omega_b and N_gamma is the total number of photons in the CMB
radiation field. We make the connection with the ionization energy of the first
quantum level of the Hydrogen atom by the hypothesis epsilon_gamma = [(1 - g) m
c^2] / N_gamma = alpha^2 mu c^2 / 2, where alpha is the fine-structure constant
and mu = m_p f / (1 + f), where f= m_e / m_p with m_e the electron mass and m_p
the proton mass.Comment: 14 pages, 0 figures. The final publication is available at
springerlink.co
Cosmological Relativity: A General-Relativistic Theory for the Accelerating Expanding Universe
Recent observations of distant supernovae imply, in defiance of expectations,
that the universe growth is accelerating, contrary to what has always been
assumed that the expansion is slowing down due to gravity. In this paper a
general-relativistic cosmological theory that gives a direct relationship
between distances and redshifts in an expanding universe is presented. The
theory is actually a generalization of Hubble's law taking gravity into account
by means of Einstein's theory of general relativity. The theory predicts that
the universe can have three phases of expansion, decelerating, constant and
accelerating, but it is shown that at present the first two cases are excluded,
although in the past it had experienced them. Our theory shows that the
universe now is definitely in the stage of accelerating expansion, confirming
the recent experimental results
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