5,548 research outputs found
Fostering Bibliodiversity in Scholarly Communications: A Call for Action!
Diversity is an important characteristic of any healthy ecosystem, including scholarly communications. Diversity in services and platforms, funding mechanisms, and evaluation measures will allow the scholarly communication system to accommodate the different workflows, languages, publication outputs, and research topics that support the needs and epistemic pluralism of different research communities. In addition, diversity reduces the risk of vendor lock-in, which inevitably leads to monopoly, monoculture, and high prices. Bibliodiversity has been in steady decline for decades.1 Far from promoting diversity, the dominant âecosystemâ of scholarly publishing today increasingly resembles what Vandana Shiva (1993) has called the âmonocultures of the mindâ2, characterized by the homogenization of publication formats and outlets that are largely owned by a small number of multinational publishers who are far more interested in profit maximization than the health of the system. Yet, a diverse scholarly communications system is essential for addressing the complex challenges we face. As we transition to open access and open science, there is an opportunity to reverse this decline and foster greater diversity in scholarly communications; what the Jussieu Call refers to as bibliodiversity3. Bibliodiversity, by its nature, cannot be pursued through a single, unified approach, however it does require strong coordination in order to avoid a fragmented and siloed ecosystem. Building on the principles outlined in the Jussieu Call, this paper explores the current state of diversity in scholarly communications, and issues a call for action, specifying what each community can do individually and collectively to support greater bibliodiversity in a more intentional fashion
Combining Static and Dynamic Analysis for Vulnerability Detection
In this paper, we present a hybrid approach for buffer overflow detection in
C code. The approach makes use of static and dynamic analysis of the
application under investigation. The static part consists in calculating taint
dependency sequences (TDS) between user controlled inputs and vulnerable
statements. This process is akin to program slice of interest to calculate
tainted data- and control-flow path which exhibits the dependence between
tainted program inputs and vulnerable statements in the code. The dynamic part
consists of executing the program along TDSs to trigger the vulnerability by
generating suitable inputs. We use genetic algorithm to generate inputs. We
propose a fitness function that approximates the program behavior (control
flow) based on the frequencies of the statements along TDSs. This runtime
aspect makes the approach faster and accurate. We provide experimental results
on the Verisec benchmark to validate our approach.Comment: There are 15 pages with 1 figur
Some remarks on wheeled autonomous vehicles and the evolution of their control design
Recent investigations on the longitudinal and lateral control of wheeled
autonomous vehicles are reported. Flatness-based techniques are first
introduced via a simplified model. It depends on some physical parameters, like
cornering stiffness coefficients of the tires, friction coefficient of the
road, ..., which are notoriously difficult to identify. Then a model-free
control strategy, which exploits the flat outputs, is proposed. Those outputs
also depend on physical parameters which are poorly known, i.e., the vehicle
mass and inertia and the position of the center of gravity. A totally
model-free control law is therefore adopted. It employs natural output
variables, namely the longitudinal velocity and the lateral deviation of the
vehicle. This last method, which is easily understandable and implementable,
ensures a robust trajectory tracking problem in both longitudinal and lateral
dynamics. Several convincing computer simulations are displayed.Comment: 9th IFAC Symposium on Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles (Leipzig,
Germany, 29.06.2016 - 01.07.2016
Libre accĂšs
Article publié dans La 'société de l'information', glossaire critique, Commission nationale française pour l'UNESCO, La Documentation Française, Paris, 2005Traduction trÚs libre de la notion anglo-saxonne d'" open access ", le terme " libre accÚs " désigne une série d'initiatives émergeant à partir des années 90 dans le monde académique, et visant à garantir que les résultats de la recherche scientifique soient accessibles à tous sans barriÚre économique, technologique ou légale
Les Angoysses douloureuses dâHĂ©lisenne de Crenne : un antiroman sĂ©rieux
Il est un parti pris discutable : celui qui consiste Ă valoriser les principes du roman comique par rapport Ă ceux du roman sĂ©rieux. Comme lâa montrĂ© MikhaĂŻl Bakhtine, le genre romanesque est caractĂ©risĂ©, dans son ensemble, par les liens qui lâunissent Ă dâautres textes et par la mise en cause de leur fonctionnement thĂ©matique, stylistique et idĂ©ologique. Cela peut ĂȘtre vĂ©rifiĂ© au sujet des Angoysses douloureuses qui procedent dâamours dâHĂ©lisenne de Crenne. Cette oeuvre atteste, en effet, lâexistence dâune crĂ©ativitĂ© romanesque proprement française Ă la Renaissance. Le paradoxe tient Ă ce quâelle emprunte nombre de ses procĂ©dĂ©s dâĂ©criture Ă des textes antĂ©rieurs. Sans explorer une voie parodique, elle se prĂ©sente comme un antiroman sĂ©rieux. Tout en affichant son appartenance au genre sentimental, elle met ainsi Ă distance les traditions italienne et espagnole en mĂȘme temps que la veine chevaleresque nationale. Elle tire profit du jeu dâinfluences entre les topiques quâelle pastiche, mais explore Ă©galement les incompatibilitĂ©s entre ces hypotextes. Du coup, la formule narrative Ă laquelle elle parvient est tout Ă fait originale. Ă lire le texte, on voit ses attentes constamment trompĂ©es : tout pronostic gĂ©nĂ©rique est successivement confirmĂ©, modifiĂ© et subverti et toute hypothĂšse interprĂ©tative inflĂ©chie, dĂ©tournĂ©e et invalidĂ©e.A debatable bias trumpets the superiority of the comic to the serious novel. As Bakhtine has demonstrated, the novel as a genre is characterized by the elements which unite it to other texts. For him, the novelâs role is to call into question the thematic, stylistic and ideological functions of these elements. Bakhtineâs thesis can be confirmed through an analysis of HĂ©lisenne de Crenneâs Angoysses douloureuses qui procedent dâamours. This work attests to the existence of a specifically novelistic creativity in France during the Renaissance. The paradoxical character of de Crenneâs novel emerges from the numerous literary techniques it derives from older texts. Without entering into parody, Angoysses douloureuses presents itself as a serious âanti-novel.â Openly exhibiting its adherence to the genre of the sentimental novel, it stands aloof from the Italian and Spanish traditions as well as from the conventions of French chivalry. Instead, creating a pastiche through âplayingâ with its influences and the topics they inspire, it explores the incompatibilities among its hypotexts. As a result, it achieves a narrative formula that is entirely original. In reading Angoysses douloureuses, expectations are constantly thwarted: predictions based on genre are successively confirmed, modified and subverted while interpretive hypotheses are shifted, diverted and invalidated
The Hatano-Sasa equality: transitions between steady states in a granular gas
An experimental study is presented, about transitions between Non-Equilibrium
Steady States (NESS) in a dissipative medium. The core device is a small
rotating blade that imposes cycles of increasing and decreasing forcings to a
granular gas, shaken independently. The velocity of this blade is measured,
subject to the transitions imposed by the periodic torque variation. The
Hatano-Sasa equality, that generalises the second principle of thermodynamics
to NESS, is verified with a high accuracy (a few ), at different
variation rates. Besides, it is observed that the fluctuating velocity at fixed
forcing follows a generalised Gumbel distribution. A rough evaluation of the
mean free path in the granular gas suggests that it might be a correlated
system, at least partially
Technologies libres et société
Au peu d'utilisation des licences libres dans les domaines artistiques et scientifiques reÌpond une prolifeÌration de discours, ouÌ tente de se construire une communauteÌ entre les collectifs d'utilisateurs. Pourtant, les enjeux eÌconomiques et sociaux des concepteurs de logiciels libres, des scientifiques et des artistes ne sont pas les meÌmes. Mais ces communauteÌs ont en commun un combat pour une socieÌteÌ ouverte qui refuse l'appropriation priveÌe de la circulation de l'information et promeut l'eÌchange geÌneÌraliseÌ de signes et de richesses
Management control and performance in French-Korean joint ventures
South-Korea is one of the country in the world with the highest rate growth. To develop its economy, this country welcomes foreign direct investments (FDI) with free economics zones and free trade agreements. Further the Korean peninsula has a strategic location due to its short distance to China and Japan. As the result, a large amount of foreign companies invests there (about 40% of the annual FDI are new). International joint venture (IJV) is an entry mode largely used for a company to go abroad. Moreover, management control and performance have been considered by the scholar as two important factors to consider while doing an international joint venture. Thus, the present thesis aims to investigate the relationship between these two factors in joint ventures made between a Korean and a French company located in South-Korea.
The research problem of the study is: âDoes management control affect performance in French-Korean JVs located in South-Korea?â. In the theoretical part of the study, the concepts and approaches of management control and IJV performance are presented. The study of these two factors have been controverted due to environment study and the difference of approach.
To answer the question, a quantitative research is conducted through a comparative case study. The sample of this study is composed of 4 French MNCs undertaking a JV with a Korean company in South-Korea. A face to face interview with a French manager of each case has been done to reply to a questionnaire of 33 questions.
The empirical part of the study indicated that there is no evidence on the relationship between management control and performance. In the 4 case studied, the absence of control has been observed. Indeed, the result of success of the venture where the result of a great selection of the partner (similar company culture) and a clear agreement between the partner about the venture management.fi=OpinnÀytetyö kokotekstinÀ PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=LÀrdomsprov tillgÀngligt som fulltext i PDF-format
Mendelian randomization and its application to genome-wide association studies
Genetics aims is to study heredity: how traits are passed from one generation to the next and how genetic variations can lead to changes in phenotypes. Some phenotypes, called complex or quantitative traits, are under the control of both genetic and environmental factors. Examples of complex traits include quantitative phenotypes, such as height or cholesterol levels, as well as certain diseases, like diabetes or cardiovascular diseases. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are used to statistically test for the association between each genetic variant and a given phenotype. These studies confirmed that most complex traits are influenced by a large number of genetic variants, often exhibiting small effect sizes that can only be detected using large numbers of individuals. They also permitted the estimation of narrow-sense heritability, which is the proportion of phenotypic variation that can be attributed to these genetic variations. The results of such GWASs (association results for every genetic variant) are often made publicly available and they can be used to perform follow-up analyses, for example Mendelian randomization. Mendelian randomization aims at investigating causal relationships between complex traits and estimating the causal effect of one exposure on an outcome. This method mimicks randomized controlled trials and takes advantage of the fact that genetic variations are randomly distributed across the population. By using association results for genetic variants strongly associated with a given risk factor and measuring the effect of these variants on another trait or disease, Mendelian randomization can infer the existence and the strength of the causal relationship between them. Analyses helping to understand the genetics underlying complex traits and the relationships between them are key to precision medicine. Precision medicine is an approach that takes into account the genome sequence and the environmental exposures of each patient, to provide personalized prevention and treatment to each individual.
During my thesis, I have been involved in several projects aiming at developing statistical methods that rely on Mendelian randomization. In the first part, I worked on a Bayesian GWAS approach (bGWAS). The goal of this approach is to increase statistical power to discover variants associated with a trait by leveraging data from correlated risk factors. The idea is to combine (1) the causal effects of the risk factors on the trait of interest (estimated using Mendelian randomization) with (2) the association results of genetic variants with these risk factors, in order to estimate the prior effect of each variant on the trait of interest. This approach has been used to study the genetics underlying lifespan, taking into account various potential risk factors, such as body mass index, cholesterol levels, and several diseases for example. In the second part, I worked on developing Mendelian randomization extensions (MRlap and LHC-MR) that aim at tackling some of the most common sources of bias. These extensions allow for more robust causal effect estimates, when some of the Mendelian randomization assumptions are violated, as well as for an extension of the scope of application of Mendelian randomization.
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La gĂ©nĂ©tique est lâĂ©tude de la transmission de traits hĂ©rĂ©ditaires au sein dâune population. Un dĂ©fi majeur de la gĂ©nĂ©tique moderne est cependant dâexpliquer le mĂ©canisme exact par lequel les variations gĂ©nĂ©tiques peuvent, ou non, se traduire par des variations phĂ©notypiques. Ce dĂ©fi est dâautant plus important dans le cas des traits dits
«complexes», qui sont affectĂ©s Ă la fois par des facteurs gĂ©nĂ©tiques et par des facteurs environnementaux. Câest le cas par exemple de la taille adulte, du taux de cholestĂ©rol ou encore de certaines maladies, comme le diabĂšte. Les Ă©tudes dâassociation pangĂ©nomique, en anglais genome-wide association studies (GWASs), permettent de tester si des variants gĂ©nĂ©tiques sont statistiquement associĂ©s Ă un phĂ©notype donnĂ©. Ces Ă©tudes ont confirmĂ© que la plupart des traits complexes sont influencĂ©s par un trĂšs large nombre de variants gĂ©nĂ©tiques, dont chacun a souvent un faible effet qui nâaurait pas Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ© sans lâaccĂšs Ă de larges jeux de donnĂ©es. Elles ont Ă©galement permis dâestimer la part de la variation phĂ©notypique expliquĂ©e par lâensemble des variants (hĂ©ritabilitĂ© au sens Ă©troit). Les rĂ©sultats de ces GWASs sont souvent publiĂ©s sous forme de statistiques synthĂ©tiques (pour chaque variant gĂ©nĂ©tique) qui peuvent ĂȘtre utilisĂ©es pour rĂ©aliser des analyses additionnelles, notamment des analyses de randomisation mendĂ©lienne. Celles-ci permettent dâĂ©tudier les relations de cause Ă effet entre diffĂ©rents traits complexes et dâestimer lâeffet de causalitĂ© dâun trait sur un autre. Les variations gĂ©nĂ©tiques Ă©tant thĂ©oriquement rĂ©parties de façon alĂ©atoire dans une population, la randomisation mendĂ©lienne est une alternative aux essais cliniques randomisĂ©s. En utilisant les rĂ©sultats dâassociation de variants gĂ©nĂ©tiques associĂ©s spĂ©cifiquement avec un facteur de risque et en mesurant leurs effets sur un autre trait, la randomisation mendĂ©lienne permet dâĂ©tablir une relation de cause Ă effet entre deux traits. Ces Ă©tudes, permettant la comprĂ©hension des causes gĂ©nĂ©tiques Ă lâorigine des traits complexes ainsi que des relations de cause Ă effet pouvant exister entre ceux-ci, ouvrent la voie au dĂ©veloppement de la mĂ©decine de prĂ©cision, une approche prenant en compte toutes les informations concernant un individu (gĂ©nĂ©tiques et environnementales) pour proposer Ă chacun un diagnostic et un traitement personnalisĂ©s.
Durant mon doctorat, jâai Ă©tĂ© impliquĂ©e dans diffĂ©rents projets visant Ă dĂ©velopper des approches techniques basĂ©es sur la randomisation mendĂ©lienne. Dans un premier temps, jâai travaillĂ© sur une mĂ©thode appelĂ©e GWAS bayĂ©sien (bGWAS). Cette mĂ©thode utilise des informations provenant de potentiel facteurs de risques identifiĂ©s a priori de façon Ă augmenter la puissance statistique de lâidentification de variants gĂ©nĂ©tiques associĂ©s Ă un trait dâintĂ©rĂȘt. LâidĂ©e est de combiner (1) les effets de causalitĂ© des risques facteurs sur le trait dâintĂ©rĂȘt (estimĂ©s en utilisant la randomisation mendĂ©lienne) et (2) les rĂ©sultats dâassociation des variants gĂ©nĂ©tiques avec ces facteurs de risque, pour estimer leur effet a priori sur le trait dâintĂ©rĂȘt. Cette mĂ©thode a notamment Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour Ă©tudier les causes gĂ©nĂ©tiques influençant lâespĂ©rance de vie, en prenant en compte plusieurs facteurs de risques tel que certaines maladies ou encore lâindice de masse corporel. Dans un second temps, jâai travaillĂ© sur des projets visant Ă proposer des extensions aux mĂ©thodes classiques de randomisation mendĂ©lienne (MRlap et LHC-MR) pour les rendre plus robustes Ă certaines sources de biais communĂ©ment observĂ©es, avec pour but dâĂ©largir les possibilitĂ©s dâapplication de ces mĂ©thodes
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