Enhancing UI/UX Design for Children's Educational Gaming Platforms: An Integrated Multicriteria Decision Making Framework

196-206This study aims to enhance the User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) design of children's educational gaming platforms by identifying key influential factors and providing actionable insights. Recognizing the importance of digital learning tools, the research employs an Integrated Multicriteria Decision Making Framework, utilizing the Spherical Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy process to calculate factor weights and Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) to unravel complex interrelationships. The findings highlight the critical importance of age-appropriate content (weight 0.139) tailored to children's cognitive abilities and developmental stages, alongside crucial components like visual design (weight 0.102), and educational content (weight 0.101). MICMAC (Matrice d'impacts croisés multiplication appliquée á un classment) analysis is carried out to classify factors into autonomous, dependent, linkage, and driving groups. Practical implications emphasize cross-platform compatibility, background score optimization, and improvements in interactivity, accessibility, safety, privacy, engagement, and feedback mechanisms. The study offers valuable insights and actionable recommendations to enhance UI/UX design, creating immersive and impactful learning experiences tailored to young users. By integrating multiple decision-making methods, the research presents a novel, structured approach to comprehensively analyze and prioritize UI/UX factors, contributing to the discourse on optimizing digital learning environments for children

वन क्विज

64-6

An overview of response pathways for protection of mitochondria from protein misfolding stress

287-300Mitochondria are canonically known as cellular powerhouse but apart from ATP production, these organelles are hubs of critical metabolic and cellular pathways like fatty acid metabolism, calcium signalling, heme biosynthesis, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial proteome contains almost 1500 proteins to facilitate these cellular processes; however, maintaining a healthy mitochondrial proteome is an extremely challenging task. As mitochondria are continuously exposed to various cellular stresses, misfolding and aggregation of proteins is one of the most prominent outcomes of these stresses, protein misfolding inside the mitochondria or on the mitochondrial surface poses a severe threat to mitochondrial health as well as to cellular health. To cope with such proteotoxic stress, cells have evolved multiple stress response pathways, which help in the maintenance of healthy mitochondrial proteome, resulting in prolonged cellular survival. Here in this review, we have summarized the origin of mitochondrial proteotoxicity and cellular response to tackle these toxic proteins

Hepatic and renal impairment and degenerative changes caused by carbon black nanoparticles in mice

66-75Carbon-based nanoparticles (CBNPs) have shown a notable increase in demand and are progressively encountering human exposure as a result of their extensive utilization across diverse industries and applications making it imperative to conduct comprehensive investigations of their potential impacts on human health. This study represents the inaugural investigation into the toxicity of CBNPs when administered orally (gavage) to mice over 30 days, dosing 5mg/kg, 10mg/kg, and 20mg/kg of the mice's body weight. The study depicted hyperactivity, social withdrawal, rolling behavior, the appearance of yellowish spots on the tail, alopecia, and a darkening of eye pigmentation. ALP and catalase levels decreased, ALT, AST, and glutathione levels increased, indicating liver and kidney physiological changes. High urea and creatinine levels indicated renal physiology disruption, whereas high bilirubin levels indicated hepatic physiology disturbance. Inflammation, necrotic foci, and binucleated cells were seen in kidney and liver tissue. The findings of the study suggested that the adverse effects resulting from exposure to CBNPs can be attributed to their tendency to aggregate, slow clearance rate, and excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn impair enzyme activities. Therefore, it may be deduced that exposure to CBNPs may induce a disruption of physiological processes, culminating in the development of severe and perhaps fatal illnesses

विज्ञान गल्प

54-5

Structural and optical properties of manganese-doped cobalt thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis

85-92This paper presents the deposition of manganese-doped cobalt ferrite (CoMnF) thin films on FTO substrates using spray pyrolysis. Optimization of the crucial growth parameters, along with annealing at 450°C for 2 hours, has led to a singlephase cubic spinel structure without any extraneous peaks confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The films have interplanar distances between 4.896 to 1.484 Å, crystallite sizes are small: FWHM: 0.338° to 0.497°, and the lattice constant is 8.418 Å. FTIR has identified a peak at 431 cm–¹, with implications for the presence of the ferrite phase due to the existence of octahedral metal-oxygen stretching. The UV-Vis spectra reveal strong absorption at 215 nm and 347 nm. The direct bandgap has been found to be 5.6 eV. Raman vibrational modes are affected due to Mn doping. These Mn-doped Co-ferrite thin films have properties that are well suited for application in supercapacitors, sensors, and energy storage devices

Impact of cage density on body weight, organ mass, cortisol concentration, and blood metabolites in Wistar albino rats

103-111This study investigated the effects of different cage density and gender on growth performance, live weight gain, organ weight, cortisol concentration, and some biochemical parameters in growing Wistar rats. Twenty four, 6 weeks old rats (12 males, 12 females) were followed up to 15 weeks of age. The male and female control groups (MC and FC) were kept in cages at normal density, while the high cage density groups (MHD and FHD) were housed in cages at twice the density. Blood was collected and organs were weighed at 15 weeks of age. Live weight was significantly affected by both cage density and gender in male and female rats. Live weight was 7% lower in the MHD group than in the MC group in males and 9.5% lower in females. Heart, spleen, and total intestinal weights were lower in the MHD group than in the MC group in males. Serum cortisol, glucose, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total protein concentrations were different between both MC and MHD and FC and FHD. Serum low-density lipoprotein and albumin concentrations were higher in MHD than in MC. In conclusion, high cage density negatively affects live weight, organ weights, and some biochemical parameters in growing Wistar rats

Improving the suitability of triple blend biodiesel in a low heat rejection diesel engine with the addition of nanoparticle through performance and emission characteristics analysis

211-222The primary aim of this research is to efficiently utilize biodiesel and nanoparticles in thermal barrier-coated (TBC) engines. In view of this, a novel neem seed oil (NSO) and linseed oil (LSO) have been chosen for this work, and they are changed into neem seed oil methyl ester (NME) and linseed oil methyl ester (LME) through transesterification process. The blend B20 (10% NME + 10% LME + 80% diesel) and B20 with 50 ppm CeO2 (B20C50) is prepared and used for that analysis in both conventional and coated engines. For the coated engine, the combustion chamber parts are coated with partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) using the atmospheric plasma spray coating method. Initially, neat diesel, B20, and B20C50 are tested in a conventional engine, and later, B20C50 is tested in a TBC engine. Load tests are conducted on a direct injection (DI) diesel engine by changing the load from 0 to 100% to assess performance and emission characteristics. From the experimental work, it was noted that B20C50 in the TBC engine showed 3.3% higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and 26.92% lower brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) than diesel fuel operated in a conventional engine. When associated with diesel, the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) are lower by 30.77% and 24.32%, respectively. The emission of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in the TBC engine is recorded as similar to diesel fuel

Removal of lead ions from aqueous solution using potassium hydroxide modified natural adsorbents

254-260As time progresses, a combination of human activities and natural occurrences releases contaminants, specifically heavy metals. These contaminants enter into water bodies, posing a threat to aquatic ecosystems and emphasizing the importance of implementing effective measures for pollution control and water quality preservation. This makes it necessary to treat water to reduce the negative impacts of toxic heavy metals in water and supply pure water for domestic and environmental use. Thus, the increased release of heavy metals like lead into the environment due to rapid industrialization has raised severe global concerns. This study aims to remove lead ions from water using a low-cost bio adsorbent. The present study examined the utilization of groundnut shells, tamarind pod shells, rubber seed shells, and pistachio shells as lead adsorbents. The adsorption efficiency is examined in relation to adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, and initial concentration, and the most efficient adsorption parameters are identified. In addition, adsorption mechanism, thermodynamics parameters and kinetic modeling are carried out to clarify the mechanism of adsorption. Isometric models, namely, Langmuir and Freundlich, are used to characterize the adsorption process, with better correlation to the Langmuir model. Kinetic observations indicated that adsorption in similar manner with transition of pseudo-second-order model and thermodynamic analysis confirmed the nature of spontaneous exothermic and spontaneous endothermic adsorption reaction. The pistachio shell emerged as the most effective of the four examined adsorbents, displaying the highest adsorption capacity of 88.9% at an adsorbent dosage of 1.2 g/L. This result underscores the superior performance of pistachio shells, positioning it as the optimal choice among the tested adsorbents

Open Access Publications from University Grants Commission Funded Research: A Bibliometric Study

109-119Research funding agencies play a crucial role in shaping the impact and dissemination of scholarly research. As Open Access (OA) to research findings gains momentum, understanding the impact of funding agencies on OA publications becomes essential. This study explores the impact of open access publications resulting from research funded by the University Grants Commission (UGC), with a focus on the Indian context. It utilizes comprehensive publication data from the Scopus database, specifically where UGC is listed as a funding sponsor. The analysis is entirely based on Scopus data, with results drawn from entries where the term "UGC" appears. The study examines a total of 145,158 documents published as an outcome of UGC research funding. Among these, 36,662 (25.25%) were found to be OA publications. Despite being one third of total publications, these OA publications garnered significant attention, receiving 928,267 citations. This citation impact of OA publications highlights the importance and effectiveness of UGC funding in promoting open access publishing in research. The findings underscore the need for continued support and encouragement for open-access initiatives by research funding agencies to enhance the accessibility and impact of scholarly research