The effect of education on gender perception and gender role attitudes: An experimental studyToplumsal cinsiyet algısı ve toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine eğitimin etkisi: Deneysel bir çalışma

Sex has been the most important criteria when categorizing and differentiating individuals. While the concept of sex is used to describe the biological side of being a man or woman, the concept of gender refers to the expectations and meanings formed by the society and culture. In this respect, passive roles are thought suitable for women in the social life while men have more active roles. Socialization agents, such as family, media, peer groups and education are playing an active role in transferring the codes related to gender roles. The aim of this research is to test the effectiveness of gender education on the attitudes towards gender perception and gender roles. In accordance with this purpose, an experimental study was designed as a part of the protocol called “Providing Gender Equality, Strengthening Institutional Capacity while Fighting with Violence Against Women, Enhancing Cooperation and Coordination” which was conducted between the Ministry of Turkish National Defense and the Ministry of Family and Social Policies. And an education (Gender Equality and Fighting with Violence Against Women) was given to the research group consisting of 23 participants. In order to collect data, we used Gender Perception Scale and Gender Role Attitude Scale. As a result of the study, firstly the education given to the participants raised their score of gender perceptions and attitudes towards gender roles significantly. It also increased the mean score of men much more than that of women. And after the training, the initial difference between the mean scores of men and women almost disappeared. It was seen that the training increased the final test mean scores of married individuals significantly. After the training, the mean scores of both women and men increased. ÖzetBireyleri, kategorilere ayırmak ve farklılaştırmak için kullanılan ölçütlerden en önemlisi cinsiyet olmuştur. Cinsiyet (sex) kavramı, kadın ya da erkek olmanın biyolojik yönünü ifade etmekte iken, toplumsal cinsiyet (gender) terimi, toplumun ve kültürün yüklediği anlamlara ve beklentilere atıfta bulunmaktadır. Toplumsal hayatta kadınlara pasif, edilgen roller uygun görülürken; erkeklere aktif, etken roller atfedilmektedir. Aile, medya, arkadaş grubu ve eğitim gibi toplumsallaşma ajanları ise toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin kodların aktarılmasında etkin bir rol almaktadır. Bu araştırma ile her geçen gün artan toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliği ve ayrımcılığını önleme yönünde politikalara öncü olmak için verilen eğitimlerin, toplumsal cinsiyet algısına ve toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumlar üzerindeki etkinliğinin sınanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Millî Savunma Bakanlığı ile Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı arasında yapılan “Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliğinin Sağlanması ve Kadına Yönelik Şiddetle Mücadelede Kurumsal Kapasitenin Güçlendirilmesi, İşbirliği ve Eşgüdümün Artırılmasına Dair Protokol” kapsamında verilen “Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği ve Kadına Yönelik Şiddetle Mücadele Eğitici Eğitimi ”ne katılan 23 katılımcı araştırma grubuna dâhil edilerek deneysel bir çalışma yürütülmüştür. Verilerin toplanmasında Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algısı (TCA) ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Tutum (TCRT) ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda ilk olarak çalışma grubuna verilen eğitimin katılımcıların toplumsal cinsiyet algılarında ve toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin tutumların ortalamalarında anlamlı derecede yükseltmiştir. İkinci olarak, çalışma grubuna verilen eğitim, erkeklerin ortalamalarını çok daha fazla arttırmış ve eğitim sonucunda kadın ve erkeklerin ortalamaları birbirine son derece yaklaşmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra verilen eğitim evli bireylerin son test ortalamalarını çok daha fazla arttırdığı görülmüştür. Son olarak verilen eğitim sonrasında hem kadınların hem de erkeklerin ortalamaları yükselmiştir

Interscalene block applied by an experienced anesthesiologist has a good anesthetic effect, a long duration of action, and less postoperative pain after arthroscopic shoulder procedures independent of surgery type and operation duration

This study aims to evaluate the severity of postoperative pain and the time to the onset of pain after arthroscopic surgical treatment of rotator cuff tear or instability under interscalene block. Patients and methods: Between October 2015 and June 2016, a total of 172 patients (82 males, 90 females; mean age: 47.9±16.9 years; range, 15 to 83 years) who underwent shoulder arthroscopy under interscalene block by a single surgeon were retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between the postoperative 24-h Visual Analog Scale (VAS), the time to the onset of pain with the type of surgical procedure (rotator cuff repair, n=101 or instability surgery, n=71), and the duration of surgery (<30 min n=92; ≥30 min n=80) was examined. Results: No significant relationship was found between the type of surgical procedure, VAS scores, and the onset of pain after the block (p=0.577 and p=0.780, respectively). No significant relationship was found between the operation duration, and VAS, and the onset of pain after the block (p=0.570 and p=0.408, respectively). The mean duration until the start of postoperative pain was 734±313 (range, 60 to 1,440) min. There was no statistically significant difference in the need for rescue analgesics at the postoperative 24th h and the duration of surgery between the two groups (p=0.393 and p=0.675, respectively). Conclusion: Our study results show no significant difference in the time for the onset of postoperative pain and the VAS scores according to the characteristics of the surgical procedure, operation duration, or age and sex of the patient. Shoulder arthroscopy performed by experienced surgeons under interscalene block eliminates the need for analgesics within the first 12 h postoperatively

Determination of crop water stress index (CWSI) of second crop corn in a semiarid climate

This study was carried out to determine the relationship between the canopy-air temperature differential and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), which can be used to quantify the crop water stress index (CWSI) under fully irrigated ( 100 %) and maximum water stress (0 %) conditions of furrow irrigated corn. The effects of five different irrigation levels (100, 70, 50, 30 and 0 % replenishment of soil water depleted from the 0.90 m soil profile depth) on corn yields and the resulting CWSI were investigated. The highest yield and total water use were obtained under fully irrigated corn plots (100 % replenishment of soil water depleted). The trends in CWSI values were consistent with the soil water content induced by deficit irrigation. CWSI increased with increased soil water deficit. An average CWSI of 0.22 before irrigation time provided the highest grain corn yield. The yield was directly correlated with seasonal mean CWSI values and a second order polynomial equation “Y = 59258CWSI2 -72051CWSI +24060” can be used to predict the grain yield of corn as a second crop under the semiarid climate

Efficacy of subsequent treatments in patients with hormone-positive advanced breast cancer who had disease progression under CDK 4/6 inhibitor therapy

Background: There is no standard treatment recommended at category 1 level in international guidelines for subsequent therapy after cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6) based therapy. We aimed to evaluate which subsequent treatment oncologists prefer in patients with disease progression under CDKi. In addition, we aimed to show the effectiveness of systemic treatments after CDKi and whether there is a survival difference between hormonal treatments (monotherapy vs. mTOR-based). Methods: A total of 609 patients from 53 centers were included in the study. Progression-free-survivals (PFS) of subsequent treatments (chemotherapy (CT, n:434) or endocrine therapy (ET, n:175)) after CDKi were calculated. Patients were evaluated in three groups as those who received CDKi in first-line (group A, n:202), second-line (group B, n: 153) and ≥ 3rd-line (group C, n: 254). PFS was compared according to the use of ET and CT. In addition, ET was compared as monotherapy versus everolimus-based combination therapy. Results: The median duration of CDKi in the ET arms of Group A, B, and C was 17.0, 11.0, and 8.5 months in respectively; it was 9.0, 7.0, and 5.0 months in the CT arm. Median PFS after CDKi was 9.5 (5.0–14.0) months in the ET arm of group A, and 5.3 (3.9–6.8) months in the CT arm (p = 0.073). It was 6.7 (5.8–7.7) months in the ET arm of group B, and 5.7 (4.6–6.7) months in the CT arm (p = 0.311). It was 5.3 (2.5–8.0) months in the ET arm of group C and 4.0 (3.5–4.6) months in the CT arm (p = 0.434). Patients who received ET after CDKi were compared as those who received everolimus-based combination therapy versus those who received monotherapy ET: the median PFS in group A, B, and C was 11.0 vs. 5.9 (p = 0.047), 6.7 vs. 5.0 (p = 0.164), 6.7 vs. 3.9 (p = 0.763) months. Conclusion: Physicians preferred CT rather than ET in patients with early progression under CDKi. It has been shown that subsequent ET after CDKi can be as effective as CT. It was also observed that better PFS could be achieved with the subsequent everolimus-based treatments after first-line CDKi compared to monotherapy ET.Breast Cancer Consortiu

Üstün Yetenekli Çocukların Eğitim Süreçlerinde Kültürel ve Sosyal Sermaye: Ankara Bilsem Örneği

In this research the role of cultural and social capital in the process of education of gifted children were examined. Cultural and social capital theories were examined in the study. Theoretical and conceptual framework of social and cultural capital was explained; superior skill, superior skill training and cultural and social capital relationship with education has been defined. This research is a descriptive field study using a combination of quantitative-qualitative methods within mixed methods. In this context, a survey was applied 303 gifted children studying in Yasemin KARAKAYA and Mamak Science and Art Centers (SAC) in Ankara province; depth interviews with a total of 10 participants including administrators, teachers and parents were made.In the study one of the indicators of cultural and social capital living with family, number of siblings, professions and education levels of family members, status of relatives graduated from higher education, professions of parents’ ...Bu araştırmada üstün yetenekli çocukların eğitim süreçlerinde kültürel ve sosyal sermayenin rolü incelenmiştir. Çalışmada kültürel ve sosyal sermaye kuramları incelenmiştir. Kültürel ve sosyal sermayenin kuramsal ve kavramsal çerçevesi açıklanarak, üstün yetenek, üstün yetenek eğitimi ve kültürel ve sosyal sermayenin eğitim ile ilişkisi tanımlanmıştır. Bu araştırma, karma yöntem kapsamında nicel-nitel yöntemlerin birlikte kullanılarak yapıldığı betimsel bir alan çalışmasıdır. Bu kapsamda Ankara ilindeki Yasemin KARAKAYA ve Mamak Bilim ve Sanat Merkezlerinde (BİLSEM) eğitim gören 303 üstün yetenekli çocuğa anket uygulanmış; idareci, öğretmen ve velilerden toplam 10 katılımcı ile derinlemesine mülakat yapılmıştır.Çalışmada, kültürel ve sosyal sermayenin göstergelerinden olan aile ile birlikte yaşama, kardeş sayısı, aile bireylerinin meslekleri ve eğitim seviyeleri, akrabaların yükseköğrenim mezunu olma durumu, anne-babanın arkadaşlarının sahip olduğu meslekler, ailenin geliri..

Comparative analysis of the construction of father identity in the context of generations: A qualitative analysis from symbolic interactionist perspective

YÖK Tez ID: 565820Tüm bireylerin yaşamlarında varlığı ya da yokluğuyla derin izler bırakan babalığın anlamı bu rolün icracıları olan erkeklerin yaşamlarında çoğu zaman belirsiz olarak kalmaktadır. Erkekliğin ispatında son aşama ve istifa edilemeyecek kazanılmış statü olan babalıkla ilgili çalışmaların yoğunlukla çocuk merkezli olması bu kimliğin faillerinin bu kimliğe yüklemiş oldukları anlamların keşfedilmesinde yetersiz kalmıştır. Çalışmamızda babaların bu role yüklemiş oldukları anlamları ve bu rolü inşa ediş biçimleri sembolik etkileşimciliğin kimlik teorisi yaklaşımıyla incelenmiştir. Babalığın aktörlerin gözünden araştırılması ve sonuçların nesiller bağlamında aralarında biyolojik bağ bulunan babalarla karşılaştırılması çalışmamızın önemini artırmaktadır. Araştırma grubu; aralarında biyolojik bağ bulunan 20'şerli iki nesil (baba-oğul) 40 babadan oluşmaktadır. Derinlemesine görüşmelerle elde edilen veriler Maxqda 11 nitel veri analiz programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre geleneksel, modern ve katılımcı olmak üzere üç babalık kimliği tespit edilmiştir. 1. nesil babalar geleneksel babalık kimliğinde yoğunlaşırken 2. nesil babalar ise modern ve katılımcı baba kimliklerinde yoğunlaşmıştır. Babalık kimliğinin inşasında çocuğa yönelik cinsiyetçi yaklaşımlar, egemen erkeklik söylemleri, sosyal çevre, çalışma yaşamı ve koşulları öne çıkan kategorilerdendir. 2. nesil babalar yoğunlukla kimlikleri ile babalarının kimliklerinin farklılaştığını düşünürken, 1. nesil babalar ise kimlikleri ile babalarının kimlikleri arasında çok az farklılık olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Yapılan analizlerde nesiller arası değişim ve babalık kimliğinin belirleyici unsurları arasında toplumsal cinsiyet algısı, kadının sosyoekonomik durumu, eğitim, gelir düzeyi, modernleşme ile açıklanmıştır. 1. nesil katılımcılar kimliklerini egemen erkeklik söylemleri üzerinden erkekliğin devamı olarak inşa ederken 2. nesil katılımcılarda ise sosyal çevre ve medyanın da etkili faktörler olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Nesiller bağlamında babalık kimliğinde bir değişim olduğu günümüz neslinin geleneksel babalık kimliğinden uzaklaştığı ancak bu değişimin yavaş olduğu değerlendirilmiştir.The meaning of paternity, which leaves deep traces with the existence or absence of all individuals in their lives, often remains ambiguous in the lives of men who are the performers of this role. In our study, the meanings of the fathers and the ways in which they construct this role were examined with the approach of identity theory of symbolic interactionism. Investigation of paternity through the eyes of the actors and comparing the results with the fathers with biological link in the context of generations increase the importance of our study. The research group consisted of 40 fathers of two generations (father and son) with 20 biological bonds. The data obtained through in-depth interviews were analyzed with Maxqda 11 qualitative data analysis program. According to these results, three fatherhood identities have been identified as traditional, modern and participatory. The first generation fathers concentrate on the traditional paternity identity while the second generation fathers are focused on the modern and participant father identities. In the construction of the fatherhood identity, the sexist approaches to the child, the dominant masculine discourse, social environment, working life and conditions are among the prominent categories. While the second generation fathers thought that their identities differed from their fathers' identities, the first generation fathers stated that there was little difference between their identities and their fathers' identity. In the analyzes, the intergenerational change and gender perception among the determinants of the fatherhood identity were explained by the socio-economic status of the woman, education, income level, and moderation. The first generation participants were built as the continuation of masculinity through the dominant masculinity discourses, while the results of the 2nd generation participants were found to be influential factors in the social environment and media. There is a change in the paternity identity in the context of generations. Today's generation is moving away from the traditional paternity identity but this change is considered to be slow

DC Katener hatlarının genelleştirilmiş matematiksel modeli .

Most of the subway systems are powered by electricity around the world. Although both AC and DC systems can be employed for energization, DC electrified systems are commonly preferred. The DC catenary line voltage can be calculated trivially for stationary systems at steady state. However, accurate modeling of the catenary voltage during the movement of the subway trains is cumbersome, as it requires solution of differential equation systems. This thesis proposes a generalized model for catenary voltage variation of DC powered systems. One of the challenges of modeling problem is calculation of the electrical parameters of the system, because of the non-regular shape of the rails, on which the electric current flows. The thesis firstly develops an analytical method for accurate computation of electrical parameters of the system, and validates it using finite elements analysis. After that, by using the electrical parameters the voltage and current variations through the catenary line are investigated analytically for different mode of operations of the subway trains, such as constant speed and accelerating/decelerating operations. Because of the dynamical behavior of the system, both time and position dependent differential equations are defined during the analytical derivations. The solution of the system based on differential equations is not trivial, and requires significant computational burden, Therefore, this work, proposes a linearized method in order to improve the computational performance of the derived model. The proposed linear method enables solution of the system with improved computational performance, while maintaining a high accuracy. Moreover, the effect of the regenerative braking and the effect of multiple substation and train are investigated. The results of the analytical solution of voltage variation are compared with the real life test results.M.S. - Master of Scienc

ISIS: A Global Terror Organization

Küreselleşen dünyada insanların ve toplumların etkileşim ağı son derece karmaşık hale gelmiştir. Küreselleşme insanların ve toplumların hayatına olumlu katkılar yaptığı gibi istenmeyen sonuçlara da neden olmuştur. Dünyada meydana gelen olumlu gelişmelere katkı sağlayan bilimsel gelişim son yıllarda etkili ve hızlı bir sürece girerken, terör örgütlerinin etki alanları da ülke sınırlarının dışına taşmakta, terör örgütleri bu gelişimi kendi lehine kullanarak tüm dünyayı tehdit eder hale gelmektedir. IŞİD olarak bilinen terör örgütü de küreselleşmenin avantajlarını kullanarak kısa süre içinde etki alanını genişletmeyi başarmış, bölgesel olmaktan çıkarak dünyayı tehdit eder hale gelmiştir. Bu sebep ile çalışmamızda dünyayı ve geleceğini olumsuz yönde etkilemesinden korkulan bu terör örgütünün yapısını ortaya koymayı amaçladık. Ayrıca IŞİD tüm dünyada terör örgütü olarak kabul edilmesine rağmen örgüte katılımların her geçen gün artarak devam ediyor olması da son derece düşündürücüdür. Çalışmamız bir literatür taraması olup örgüt ile ilgili kaynakların sistematik bir çerçevede incelenerek analiz edilmesiyle oluşturulmuştur. Örgütün yapılanmasında ve örgüte katılımlarda etkili faktörler olduğu değerlendirilen ideoloji, ekonomik güç ve medya gücü analiz edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile IŞİD tehdidine karşı mücadele geliştirmesi gereken ilgililere ışık tutarak katkı sağlamayı hedeflemekteyiz.The people and society's interaction network has become extremely complex in globalized world. Globalization has both positive contribution to people and communities' lives and also adverse effects on them. While entering a long fast and effective process, scientific development contributes to positive developments occurring in the world, the domain of terrorist organizations overflow the country's borders and even can threaten all over the world by using this development on behalf of themselves. Terrorist organization known as ISIS has managed to extend its domain in a short time by using the advantages of globalization; it has become a threat to the world from being regional. Every day brings with a data giving rise to concerns that ISIS could threaten the world peace for a while. Therefore we aimed to demonstrate the structure of this terrorist organization that feared people and affected our world negatively with sociological evaluation in our study. Despite the fact that ISIS was also considered to be a terrorist organization all over the world, participation to the organization continuing to increase with each passing day is also extremely thought-provoking. Our study is a literaure review and it is created by analyzing and systematizing the sources related to organization in a definite context.The ideology, economic power and media power are considered as the factors affecting the organization's structure and participation in the organization and analyzed. We aim to contribute by keeping light all it may concern on the need to improve the fight against ISIS's related threats