Perfil de qualidade de vida e felicidade dos moradores de um assentamento rural na Amazônia Brasileira

Introduction: quality of life (QOL) is the individual's perception of their position in life, in the cultural context and in the value system. Objective: to evaluate the QOL and the happiness level of the community of the Nova Amazônia Settlement Project (PANA). Methodology: observational, transversal, prospective, descriptive, qualitative and quantitative study, involving 184 residents of PANA. Data collection was carried out between November 2019 and September 2020, using the WHOQOL-100 questionnaire and a happiness scale developed by Lyubomirsky and Lepper. Results: there was an association between being a man and having a better score in the Physical domain (p = 0.014), being a woman and a better score in the Spirituality / Beliefs domain (p = 0.030), having a higher income and a better score in the Environment domain (p = 0.0003), having a higher level of education and a better global assessment of QOL (p = 0.008) and better scores in the domains Independence (p = 0.023) and Environment (p = 0.015), being 18 to 39 years old and having a better score in Independence domain (p = 0.007) and between living in the settlement for less time and having more independence (p = 0.023). No association was found between sociodemographic data and the level of happiness. Conclusion: Despite all the economic and social difficulties experienced by the studied population, both the QOL and happiness scores are at a median level. The Physical and Environmental domains were the most fragile, with the lowest scores and the main problems pointed out by the participants were the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain, the home environment, absence of leisure / recreation and the inefficiency of public transport Keywords: Quality of life;  Happiness; Rural population.Introdução: qualidade de vida (QV) é a percepção do indivíduo de sua posição na vida, no contexto cultural e no sistema de valores. Objetivo: avaliar a QV e o nível de felicidade da comunidade do Projeto de Assentamento Nova Amazônia (PANA). Metodologia: estudo, observacional, transversal, prospectivo, descritivo, quantitativo e qualitativo, envolvendo 184 moradores do PANA. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre novembro de 2019 e setembro de 2020, por meio da aplicação do questionário WHOQOL-100 e de uma escala de felicidade desenvolvida por Lyubomirsky e Lepper. Resultados: evidenciou-se associação entre ser homem e ter melhor escore no domínio Físico (p= 0,014), ser mulher e melhor escore no domínio Espiritualidade/ Crenças (p= 0,030), ter maior renda e melhor escore no domínio Ambiente (p= 0,0003), ter maior nível de escolaridade e melhor avaliação global de QV (p= 0,008) e melhores escores nos domínios Independência (p= 0,023) e Ambiente (p= 0,015), ter de 18 a 39 anos e melhor escore no domínio Independência (p= 0,007) e entre morar no assentamento há menos tempo e ter mais independência (p=0,023). Não foi evidenciada associação entre os dados sociodemográficos e o nível de felicidade.  Conclusão: Apesar de toda a dificuldade econômica e social vivenciada pela população estudada, tanto os escores de QV quanto de felicidade encontram-se em um patamar mediano. Os domínios Físico e Ambiental foram os mais fragilizados, apresentando os menores escores e os principais problemas apontados pelos participantes foram a ocorrência de dores osteomusculares, o ambiente do lar, ausência de lazer/recreação e a ineficiência do transporte público Palavras-chave: Qualidade de vida; Felicidade; População rural

Fatores de risco associados a queda de idosos/Risk factors associated with falling elderly

 Com o aumento da expectativa de vida a população idosa vem crescendo consideravelmente, o que redobra a atenção que deve ser dada à essa faixa etária. Dadas algumas fragilidades inerentes à idade é muito comum ocorrências de quedas que devem-se a fatores extrínsecos e intrínsecos, como uso intensificado de medicamentos e patologias presentes nas fisiologias senil. A poli farmácia está entre os fatores que mais predispõem a acidentes envolvendo idosos devido à interação medicamentosa. Sabemos que essa população está em constante uso de benzodiazepínicos, antidepressivos e neurolépticos, além de outros possíveis medicamentos, tais como, anti-hipertensivos, diuréticos e estatinas que potencializam a interação medicamentosa, provocando, assim, a instabilidade postural do paciente. Dessa forma, é fundamental conscientizar pacientes e seus familiares dos cuidados necessários na prevenção de quedas a fim de evitar as limitações de sua independência, redução da qualidade de vida e até mesmo incapacidade

50 anos de Estocolmo’72 e 30 Anos da Rio’92: Reflexões sobre o Brasil Contemporâneo e os Desafios para um Futuro Sustentável

Essa nota científica foi realizada a partir das notas e relatórios decorrentes do Seminário UrbanSus “50 anos de Estocolmo’72 e 30 anos da Rio’92: Desafios do Brasil do Presente para um Futuro Sustentável”. Esse evento foi realizado no Instituto de Estudos Avançados da Universidade de São Paulo (IEA/USP) no formato híbrido (presencial e remoto) no dia 02 de junho de 2022. A nota apresenta uma breve descrição dos principais pontos e reflexões debatidas no Seminário, com base em um debate histórico relacionados aos 50 anos da Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre o Meio Ambiente Humano, Estocolmo (1972) e aos 30 anos da Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre o Meio Ambiente e o Desenvolvimento Eco-92, Rio de Janeiro (1992). O debate histórico também propôs a refletir e debater acerca dos efeitos ambientais em alusão aos 200 anos da Independência do Brasil.Essa nota científica foi realizada a partir das notas e relatórios decorrentes do Seminário UrbanSus “50 anos de Estocolmo’72 e 30 anos da Rio’92: Desafios do Brasil do Presente para um Futuro Sustentável”. Esse evento foi realizado no Instituto de Estudos Avançados da Universidade de São Paulo (IEA/USP) no formato híbrido (presencial e remoto) no dia 02 de junho de 2022. A nota apresenta uma breve descrição dos principais pontos e reflexões debatidas no Seminário, com base em um debate histórico relacionados aos 50 anos da Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre o Meio Ambiente Humano, Estocolmo (1972) e aos 30 anos da Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre o Meio Ambiente e o Desenvolvimento Eco-92, Rio de Janeiro (1992). O debate histórico também propôs a refletir e debater acerca dos efeitos ambientais em alusão aos 200 anos da Independência do Brasil.Essa nota científica foi realizada a partir das notas e relatórios decorrentes do Seminário UrbanSus “50 anos de Estocolmo’72 e 30 anos da Rio’92: Desafios do Brasil do Presente para um Futuro Sustentável”. Esse evento foi realizado no Instituto de Estudos Avançados da Universidade de São Paulo (IEA/USP) no formato híbrido (presencial e remoto) no dia 02 de junho de 2022. A nota apresenta uma breve descrição dos principais pontos e reflexões debatidas no Seminário, com base em um debate histórico relacionados aos 50 anos da Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre o Meio Ambiente Humano, Estocolmo (1972) e aos 30 anos da Conferência das Nações Unidas sobre o Meio Ambiente e o Desenvolvimento Eco-92, Rio de Janeiro (1992). O debate histórico também propôs a refletir e debater acerca dos efeitos ambientais em alusão aos 200 anos da Independência do Brasil

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Anais do V Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação: Educação midiática e políticas públicas

A presente coletânea, que chega ao público através de um suporte digital, tem como objetivo disponibilizar os papers, bem como os relatos de experiências educomunicativas apresentados durante o V ENCONTRO BRASILEIRO DE EDUCOMUNICAÇÃO, que teve como tema central: “Educação Midiática e Políticas Públicas”. O evento foi realizado em São Paulo, entre 19 e 21 de setembro de 2013, a partir de uma parceria entre o NCE/USP - Núcleo de Comunicação e Educação da USP, a Licenciatura em Educomunicação da ECA/USP, a ABPEducom – Associação Brasileira de Pesquisadores e Profissionais da Educomunicação e a FAPCOM – Faculdade Paulus de Tecnologia e Comunicação, que ofereceu seu campus, na Vila Mariana, para os atos do evento. Os presentes anais disponibilizam o texto de abertura, de autoria do coordenador geral do evento, denominado “Educação midiática e políticas públicas: vertentes históricas da emergência da Educomunicação na América Latina”. Na sequência, apresentam 61 papers sobre aspectos específicos da temática geral, resultantes de pesquisas na área, seguidos de 27 relatos de práticas educomunicativas, em nível nacional

Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

© The Author(s) 2018. Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe