Tuberculosis remains a challenge for the Republic of Moldova and Romania

Introducere. Tuberculoza este o provocare majoră pentru sistemul de sănătate publică, fiind plasată printre primele zece cauze de deces în lume. Scopul lucrării. Evaluarea comparativă a situației epidemiologice privind tuberculoza în Republica Moldova și România. Material și metode. S-a realizat o analiză comparativă a datelor statistice colectate prin intermediul Sistemului Informațional de Monitorizare și Evaluare a Tuberculozei (SIME TB) din Republica Moldova și a datelor sistemului TESSY (The European Surveillance System) din România. Rezultate. Potrivit OMS, povara tuberculozei este concentrată în 18 țări unde ratele de notificare rămân de 8 ori mai mari decât în restul regiunii. Astfel, România și Republica Moldova rămân încă printre țările care luptă împotriva tuberculozei, încât aici se atestă cea mai mare incidență. În anul 2019, în Republica Moldova au fost înregistrate 18.2 cazuri versus România – 17.4 la 100 mii de locuitori. Proporția cazurilor înregistrate la copii cu vârsta de 0-14 ani pentru România este de 3.4% și Republica Moldova – 4%. În ultimii ani, în ambele țări, depistarea cazurilor de tuberculoză s-a îmbunătățit. Numărul de cazuri noi a scăzut cu 4.2 cazuri la 100 mii locuitori în Republica Moldova și de la 2.9 la 1.8 cazuri la 100 mii de locuitori în țara vecină. Rata de succes a tratamentului pentru cazurile de tuberculoză în România s-a menținut la aproximativ 83% (mai mare decât în Uniunea Europeană - 77%), iar rata de abandon este de 6.5%. În Republica Moldova, rata succesului la femei (86.4%) este mai înaltă decât la bărbați (83%), iar rata de abandon al tratamentului - este mai mică printre bărbați (9.9%) în comparație cu femeile (11.2%). Concluzie. Deși în ultimii ani Republica Moldova și România au înregistrat progrese în controlul tuberculozei, severitatea epidemiei continuă să persiste. În aceste condiții, sunt necesare următoarele: asigurarea accesului la servicii de diagnostic și tratament; fortificarea serviciilor de informare și educare a populației precum și implicarea comunității și a societății civile în prevenirea și combaterea tuberculozei la nivel național.Background. Tuberculosis is a major challenge for the public health system, being placed among the top ten causes of death in the world. Objective of the study. Comparative evaluation of the epidemiological situation regarding tuberculosis in the Republic of Moldova and Romania. Material and methods. A comparative analysis of the statistical data collected through the Tuberculosis Monitoring and Evaluation Information System (SIME TB) from the Republic of Moldova and the TESSY (The European Surveillance System) data from Romania was carried out. Results. According to the WHO, the burden of tuberculosis is concentrated in 18 countries where notification rates remain 8 times higher than in the rest of the region. Thus, Romania and the Republic of Moldova remain among the countries fighting against tuberculosis, so that the highest incidence is recorded here. In 2019, 18.2 cases were registered in the Republic of Moldova versus Romania - 17.4 per 100 thousand inhabitants. The proportion of cases registered in children aged 0-14 for Romania is 3.4% and the Republic of Moldova – 4%. Tuberculosis case finding has improved in both countries in recent years. The number of new cases decreased by 4.2 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants in the Republic of Moldova and from 2.9 to 1.8 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants in the neighboring country. The treatment success rate for tuberculosis cases in Romania has remained at approximately 83% (higher than in the European Union - 77%), and the dropout rate is 6.5%. In the Republic of Moldova, the success rate in women (86.4%) is higher than in men (83%), and the treatment dropout rate is lower among men (9.9%) compared to women (11.2%). Conclusions. Although in recent years the Republic of Moldova and Romania have made progress in controlling tuberculosis, the severity of the epidemic continues to persist. Under these conditions, the following are necessary: ensuring access to diagnostic and treatment services; strengthening the information and education services of the population as well as the involvement of the community and civil society in the prevention and fight against tuberculosis at the national level

AccuControlCenter : Automatisierung der Endmontage

Die Diplomarbeit "AccuControlCenter" von Maximian Geyer beschäftigt sich mit der Erweiterung einer in C# programmierten Software zur Steuerung, Überwachung und Dokumentation von Prozessen in der Endmontage von Akkumulatoren. Das Hauptziel der Arbeit ist die Automatisierung der Endmontage, um Fehleranfälligkeit zu reduzieren, Arbeitsschutz zu erhöhen und Kosten zu senken. Durch eine Effizienzsteigerung in der Endmontage wird der wertschöpfende Prozess der Akkumulatorenaufbereitung optimiert. Das Kernelement des ACC ist das Beschreiben und Auslesen von Mikrocontrollern auf intelligenten Akkupacks. Die Arbeit gliedert sich in sechs Hauptkapitel, die Einleitung, Grundlagen, Planung, Implementierung, Deploymentprozess und Fazit. Dabei werden theoretische Grundlagen, technische Aspekte und die praktische Umsetzung der Softwareerweiterung behandelt. Die Arbeit liefert einen detaillierten Einblick in die Programmierung des ACC, die verwendeten Technologien und Protokolle sowie die Systemarchitektur und Anforderungen an die Software. Abschließend werden die Einsparungen in wirtschaftlicher Hinsicht beleuchtet um den Nutzen herauszukristallisieren und mögliche künftige Erweiterungen erörtert

The state of urban food insecurity in Malawi’s four major cities

The world population is rapidly urbanising. As the majority of urban dwellers in Africa are net food buyers, they are vulnerable to income and food price shocks. At the current rate of urbanisation, food insecurity is likely to pose a significant future challenge. There is a paucity of available studies on urban food security in Africa and more so for Malawi where most food security analyses focus on rural contexts. This study set out to address this deficiency. The study compared the levels and severity of food insecurity in Malawi’s four major cities: Blantyre, Lilongwe, Mzuzu and Zomba and identified the groups most vulnerable to food insecurity. The data of 1728 urban households were drawn from Malawi’s fourth Integrated Household Survey (IHS 4) of 2016/17. Six available food security indicators (the Household Dietary Diversity Score, the Food Consumption Score, the Months of Adequate Household Food Provisioning, the reduced Coping Strategies Index, an asset index and food expenditure as a share of total household expenditure) were used to compare food insecurity in the four cities. A bivariate analysis of the proportions of food-insecure households was conducted to establish the severity of food insecurity. Correlation analysis was employed to identify the groups most vulnerable to food insecurity. The majority of food-insecure households were located in the Lilongwe and Zomba districts. The majority of households had acceptable levels of food consumption and dietary diversity. On average, households reported having adequate food availability for eight months of the vi year. December, January and February were reportedly the most difficult months in terms of food access. Forty-three percent of the sampled households were food insecure based on the reduced Coping Strategies Index. A third of the total sample population spent over 75 percent of their budget on food. On average, households owned seven (out of ten) classes of assets. Most households applied two of the five coping mechanisms during the survey period. The consumption of less preferred or cheaper foods was the most commonly used coping strategy. Poor households, households headed by uneducated people, households with a high number of dependents, households with fewer income sources and male-headed households were identified as the groups most likely to experience food insecurity in these cities. The study concluded that urban food insecurity was relatively low and less severe in the four Malawian cities compared to published statistics on rural areas despite rapid urban population growth. However, some households had difficulties in accessing enough food during certain months of the year, implying a seasonal dimension to food insecurity. Food insecure urban households in Malawi’s cities tend to adopt less severe food coping strategies that are less likely to compromise their long-term food consumption. Across Malawi’s major cities, households most vulnerable to food insecurity were typically large poor, male-headed households with an uneducated head and many dependents. Vulnerable households had limited sources of income and no access to credit. Based on these findings, the study accepted the hypothesis that the above identified groups were more vulnerable to food insecurity. Any intervention that seeks to increase the availability and accessibility of quality livelihood options for urban households in Malawi would likely improve food security and reduce vulnerability for specific categories of households. There is a need to design cost-effective, well-targeted social protection instruments to help the most vulnerable cope with income or price shocks and build assets. The government needs to intensify skills development programs for the self-employed as well as those seeking or already in wage employment that will improve the quality of labour, thereby improving their probability of securing a decent livelihood. Urban households could diversify their income portfolios through engaging in micro to small and medium enterprises to supplement the existing livelihood sources. Households need to increase their savings to cushion them in the event of income and price shocks. Where possible, urban households could adopt homestead food production, specifically focusing on the nutrient dense foods such as green-leafy vegetables

Diocletianvs Et Maximianvs Sive De Vita Et Constitvtionibvs C. Avrelii Valerii Diocletiani Et M. Avrelii Valerii Maximiani A. A. Exercitatio ...

... Pvblice Defendent Ioannes Conradvs Sickelivs A. M. Et I. V. B. Et Christianvs Weisivs Th. C.Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Lipsiae Litteris Saalbachii