“Some Teachers Just Simply Care”: Respect in Urban Student-Teacher Relationships

Teachers are ethically obligated to care for their students. One overlooked means of demonstrating care is through respect. However, because respectful behaviors are culturally dependent, exploring experiences of respect from students of color is needed to provide insight into student-teacher relationships. To understand students’ experiences of respect from teachers in the school setting, we interviewed 12 adolescents and emerging adults of color (M age = 17, SD age = 1.81) who attended Urban schools, about their experiences of respect from their teachers. We deductively and inductively coded the interviews separately for definitions of respect and experiences of respect from teachers using six themes of respect. Ultimately, youth often defined respect as the golden rule and politeness. However, when discussing instances of respect with teachers, youth described teachers demonstrating care for students’ personal lives and academic success. Our findings suggest that students identify behaviors associated with care as respectful, which diverge from decontextualized definitions of respect. Policy changes should focus on promoting student-teacher relationships, focusing on culturally sensitive teaching and caring for students. Specifically, policy should support classroom level changes, such as the co-construction of respect expectations between students and teachers

The “Competitive” Value of Music to Commercial Radio Stations

Our objective in this paper is to develop a methodology to infer from the behaviour and choices of broadcasters the “competitive” value they attach to the use of music, more precisely sound recordings, and to derive from such an inferred value the proper “competitive” copyright payments to be made to authors, composers, performers, and makers of sound recordings. We illustrate the methodology by applying it to Canadian data. The background is provided by the statement of case and supporting proof presented in the 2004 proceedings before the Copyright Board of Canada on the commercial radio tariff. The results called for a significant increase in copyright payments by Canada’s commercial radio industry: the proper competitive copyright payments should be substantially more than double what the industry was paying at the time of the hearings. Nous proposons dans cet article une méthode permettant d’inférer, du comportement et des choix des diffuseurs, la valeur « concurrentielle » qu’ils accordent à la musique enregistrée et d’obtenir de cette valeur inférée les montants qu’ils devraient verser aux auteurs, compositeurs, interprètes et producteurs au chapitre des droits d’auteur. Nous appliquons la méthode sur des données canadiennes. Le cadre institutionnel de référence nous est fourni par la cause de 2004 devant la Commission du droit d’auteur du Canada relative au tarif applicable à la radio commerciale. Nos résultats montrent qu’une hausse substantielle des paiements pour droits d’auteur s’impose : ces paiements « concurrentiels » devraient être plus du double de ceux que l’industrie versait effectivement au moment des audiences de la cause.copyright valuation, Commercial radio, évaluation des droits d’auteur, radio commerciale

Assessment of \u3ci\u3ePityophthorus juglandis\u3c/i\u3e colonization characteristics and implications for further spread of thousand cankers disease

Nonnative, invasive forest insect pests are a significant threat to the health of global forest resources. Thousand cankers disease, a recently described disease threatening walnuts, is the result of an invasive insect-pathogen complex in which the walnut twig beetle (Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman) is a vector to the associated fungal pathogen, Geosmithia morbida. Both are native to the southwestern U.S. into northern Mexico, however, have been found well beyond their historic range, and now threaten black walnut (Juglans nigra) in the eastern U.S. Beetles have likely been spread via the transport of infested walnut logs. The goal of this project was to identify potential pathways by assessing P. juglandis colonization of J. nigra logs and seedlings, and to identify treatments to prevent colonization in logs. Beetle colonization of logs and lumber treated by phytosanitation measures was tested. When exposed to high colonization pressures and baited with a pheromone lure, beetles attacked steam heated, methyl bromide fumigated, and kiln-dried samples. Colonization in a reduced pressure exposure scenario was inconclusive. Azadirachtin, borate, and permethrin were tested as a means of preventing P. juglandis colonization of black walnut logs. Beetle survival rates over a 120 hour exposure period, and colonization activity was compared. Permethrin was the only insecticide to kill all beetles and to prevent any attacks. A 30% concentration of borate showed some control, reducing survival rate compared to control levels, however, beetles successfully attacked the material, and its use as a control method is questionable. Azadirachtin was not effective in the doses tested. Finally, P. juglandis colonization of J. nigra nursery stock seedlings was tested. Seedlings were exposed to beetles in no-choice and choice assays. For no-choice assays, beetles were caged directly onto the stems. In choice assays, seedlings were placed near infested logs, presenting the seedlings to beetles emerging from the infested material. Beetles attacked stems in all diameter size classes tested (0.5 – 2.0 cm), however, showed a preference for larger diameter trees. No attacks were observed in the choice assays and may have been confounded by the method used to introduce beetles to seedlings

Searching for the Golden Rule: A Case Study of Two White Novice Teachers\u27 Beliefs and Experiences of Respect in Urban Schools

Student respect toward teachers is traditionally considered in terms of behavior or authority. Yet, because of cultural differences and historic oppression of marginalized students in schools, not all students express respect in ways in which teachers are familiar. Because of structural inequalities and individual differences, standard behavioral definitions of respect are insufficient to address how students and teachers actually experience respect in the classroom. Using a comparative case study design, this study examined two female White novice teachers’ beliefs and experiences of student respect within a novel relational respect framework. Results identified that teachers’ respect beliefs were based on notions of authority, while respect experiences reflected authority and relationship based respect. Importantly, these relationships were conceptualized as role model and friend-based respect. To help novice teachers balance their roles as both caring and authoritative figures, I propose that student respect should be thought of in relational, rather than behavioral, terms, and that teachers need to employ cultural competence when developing and maintaining their student–teacher relationships

Identity in Crisis : Russophone Identity in post-Maidan Kharkov

This research explores the themes of identity, particularly Russophone identity in Kharkov, Ukraine. It explores the formation, salience, and gradation of this identity with regards to Social Identity Theory and Self-Categorization Theory. Furthermore this research explores the response and understanding of different events in Ukraine's recent history in relation to different identities. It also aims to explore potential futures of the Russophone identity in Kharkov, as well as aspects of Ukrainianisation. This research concludes that Social-Identity Theory and Self-Categorization Theory alone are not sufficient to explain the development and existence of Russophone identity in Kharkov. Finally, this research shows that there is a direct link between identity and understanding of the Ukraine Crisis, perceived threat, and future directions in Kharkov. This research further postulates that Russophone identity will increasingly be threatened within Ukraine, that could lead to further problems and division, and will likely lead to push-back

Molecular Organization of Vapor Deposited Rod-Like Molecules

Thiophenes are π-conjugated organic molecules with applications in electronic devices. Alpha-sexithiophene (α-6T) is a rod-like molecule consisting of six thiophene rings. Previous experimental research has shown that vapor deposition of rod-like organic molecules onto substrates at different temperatures yields films with a range of phases. These include smectic liquid crystalline phases, which have been shown to promote anisotropic charge carrier mobility. In this work, we use a course-grained model for α-6T, representing it as a chain of discotic particles with fixed bond lengths and fixed bond angles. We perform Monte Carlo simulations of multiple chains introduced at different rates in vacuum near two adsorbing surfaces. These simulations are not chemically realistic, instead focusing on the general features of the physical systems. The goal of this work is to simulate vapor deposition of materials on a substrate over a range of temperatures and deposition rates and to investigate the resulting structures