VACCINATION IN PREGNANCY: CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

Objective: to build and validate the content of an educational technology to guide pregnant women about immunization. Method: a methodological study carried out from December 2020 to October 2021 in Belém, Pará, Brazil. It consisted of two stages: Construction through an Integrative Literature Review and face and content validation with 16 judges using a Likert scale for data collection and the Content Validity Index for analysis.Results: a double-sided table flipbook was created on immunization, which was assessed by 100% of the judges as relevant, with a mean Content Validity Index per block greater than 0.86.Conclusion: the technology was built with technically correct information and validated by experts in the respective areas. It is understood that its use will ease the prenatal Nursing practice, considering it to be a tool capable of arousing interest and encouraging dialogue between professionals and pregnant women, solving doubts in the immunization context

VACINAÇÃO NA GRAVIDEZ: CONSTRUÇÃO E VALIDAÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIA EDUCACIONAL

Objetivo: construir e validar o conteúdo de uma tecnologia educacional para orientar gestantes sobre imunização. Método: estudo metodológico realizado em dezembro de 2020 a outubro de 2021, em Belém, Pará, Brasil. Constou de duas etapas: Construção por meio de Revisão Integrativa da Literatura e validação de aparência e conteúdo com 16 juízes utilizando escala Likert para coleta dos dados e o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo para análise.Resultados: elaborou-se um álbum seriado de mesa, com dupla face, sobre imunização que foi avaliado por 100% dos juízes como pertinente com média do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo por blocos superior a 0,86.Conclusão: tecnologia construída com informações tecnicamente corretas e validada junto a especialistas nas respectivas áreas. Entende-se que seu uso facilitará a prática da enfermagem no pré-natal, considerando ser ferramenta capaz de despertar interesse e favorecer o diálogo entre profissionais e gestantes, sanando dúvidas no contexto da imunização

O impacto do COVID-19 na odontologia: uma revisão narrativa

Revisar na literatura assuntos acerca da mudança na odontologia em relação a biossegurança e outras medidas que foram tomadas após a pandemia do COVID-19. O Covid-19 se tornou um problema mundial atingindo o status de pandemia. Dessa forma, algumas mudanças na odontologia ocorreram numa tentativa de frear a contaminação pelo vírus seja pelo paciente, seja pelo profissional. Assim, notou-se que as formas de biossegurança antes da pandemia não eram adequadas o suficiente para proteger a equipe profissional e paciente. Adotou-se novas medidas no cenário odontológico, acarretando em impactos significativos na saúde. A pandemia gerou uma tendência em relação as mudanças na atual odontologia e seu futuro. Foi possível observar que a maioria dos novos protocolos de biossegurança, aperfeiçoamento dos atendimentos, humanização em relação aos pacientes e conscientização voltada para contaminação de agentes etiológicos, originaram-se pós-pandemia e mudaram significativamente a diminuição de infecções/transmissões cruzadas hospitalares e ambientes odontológicos na saúde global

VACUNACIÓN EN EL EMBARAZO: CONSTRUCCIÓN Y VALIDACIÓN DE TECNOLOGÍA EDUCATIVA

Objetivo: elaborar y validar el contenido de una tecnología educativa para orientar a mujeres embarazadas sobre la inmunización.Método: estudio metodológico realizado de diciembre de 2020 a octubre de 2021, en Belén, Pará, Brasil. Constó de dos etapas: Elaboración por medio de Revisión Integradora de la Literatura y validación de apariencia y contenido por 16 jueces usando una escala Likert para la recolección de datos y el Índice de Validez de Contenido para el análisis.Resultados: se creó un cuadernillo doble faz sobre inmunización, que fue evaluado como relevante por el 100% de los jueces, con un Índice de Validez de Contenido promedio por sección superior a 0,86.Conclusión: tecnología elaborada con información técnicamente correcta y validada por expertos en las respectivas áreas. Se considera que su uso facilitará la práctica de la enfermería prenatal, es una herramienta capaz de despertar interés y fomentar el diálogo entre profesionales y gestantes, resolviendo dudas en el contexto de la inmunización

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Duração da suplementação de ractopamina em dietas para leitoas em terminação mantidas sob alta temperatura ambiente Duration of ractopamine supplementation in diets for finishing gilts maintained under high temperature environment

Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a duração da suplementação de ractopamina na dieta de leitoas em terminação, mantidas sob alta temperatura ambiente. Foram utilizadas 48 leitoas com peso inicial de 70,4±2,6kg, distribuídas no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos (suplementação de ractopamina por 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias pré-abate) e quatro repetições, sendo a unidade experimental constituída por dois animais. O peso final e o consumo de ração diário não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos tratamentos. O ganho de peso aumentou e a conversão alimentar reduziu linearmente (P0,05) pela duração da suplementação de ractopamina na dieta. O peso dos pulmões, coração, fígado, rins e baço também não foi modificado (P>0,05) pelos tratamentos. Concluiu-se que a inclusão de 20ppm de ractopamina na dieta de leitoas em terminação, mantidas sob alta temperatura ambiente, durante 28 dias, maximiza a resposta de ganho de peso diário e, durante 35 dias, maximiza a resposta para conversão alimentar. Contudo, a inclusão do aditivo não altera as características quantitativas de carcaça e não afeta o desenvolvimento das vísceras.The study was conducted to evaluate the duration of the supplementation of ractopamine in the diet of finishing gilts maintained under high temperature environment. Forty eight females, with initial weight of 70.4±2.6kg were used. The pigs were distributed in randomized blocks design of six treatments (supplementation of ractopamine for 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days pre-slaughter) and four replications, each experimental unit consisted of two animals. The final weight and daily feed intake were not affected (P>0.05) by treatments. The weight gain increased and the feed conversion decreased linearly (P0.05) by duration of supplementation of ractopamine in the diet. The weights of the lungs, heart, liver, kidneys and spleen were not modified (P>0.05) by treatments. It was concluded that inclusion of 20ppm of ractopamine in the diet of finishing gilts maintained under high temperature environment during 28 days maximizes the response of daily gain and during 35 days maximizes the response to feed conversion. However, the inclusion of the additive does not alter the quantitative characteristics of carcass and does not affect the development of the viscera