ROLE OF PROBIOTICS IN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT DISEASES: INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE AND NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS

Bacterial microflora which is present in gastrointestinal tract cause various disorders. Probiotics provides beneficial effects in gut related disease. Previously probiotics are used as alternative medicine but now entering in mainstream medicine. Probiotics help in restoring normal bacterial microflora and regulate the gastrointestinal tract functioning through different mechanisms. There are only few evidences available which show potential benefits of probiotics. The efficiency of probiotics used as a single strain or multiple formulation is tested in various diseases such oral health, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, necrotising enterocolitis and many more. The purpose of this paper is to focus on diseases related to gastrointestinal tract including inflammatory bowel disease and necrotising enterocolitis based on the literature review available and propose future perspective to reduce the translocation of bacterial microflora in gastrointestinal tract and reducing subsequent inflammation of gut. Keywords were searched in goggle scholar, academic research, PubMed and Embase databases

A case report on serous cyst fibroadenoma of ovary

A 16-year-old unmarried female patient presented to the Subharti hospital with a lump in her abdomen that had been there for one year. For the previous two months, there had been abdominal pain. Constipation, intermittent fever, and vomiting were all present. A mass of around 25×25 cm (approximately) was found on per-abdominal examination, which was firm in consistency, non-tender, afebrile to touch with smooth borders, and restricted mobility. On the basis of the above mentioned examination and investigation, a diagnosis of ovarian cyst with typhoid immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) positive, dengue IgG with hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) positive was made

Nature inspired Ficus Religiosa leaf mesh coated with antibacterial ZnO/PANi@PMMA nanocomposite for separation and water purification

In this article, we fabricate a nature inspired Ficus religiosa leaf mesh with a micro/nano hierarchical structure utilizing the ZnO/PANi@PMMA nanocomposite having exceptional hydrophobic and oleophilic characteristics, with a water contact angle of ∼130° and an oil contact angle of ∼2°, respectively. Different oil/water mixtures were subsequently separated using the mesh, and after 8 cycles, the separation efficiency was ∼96.86 ± 0.8% for gasoline. In contrast, the reported mesh carries antibacterial properties and has successfully degraded the methylene orange (MO) dye solution in 140 min with ∼91% efficiency in the presence of sunlight, envisioning its potential use in water purification applications

Virus-induced gene silencing in rice using a vector derived from a DNA virus

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a method of rapid and transient gene silencing in plants using viral vectors. A VIGS vector for gene silencing in rice has been developed from Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV), a rice-infecting virus containing DNA as the genetic material. A full-length RTBV DNA cloned as a partial dimer in a binary plasmid accumulated in rice plants when inoculated through Agrobacterium (agroinoculation) within 2 weeks and produced detectable levels of RTBV coat protein. Deletion of two of the four viral ORFs did not compromise the ability of the cloned RTBV DNA to accumulate in rice plants. To modify the cloned RTBV DNA as a VIGS vector (pRTBV-MVIGS), the tissue-specific RTBV promoter was replaced by the constitutively expressed maize ubiquitin promoter, sequences comprising the tRNA-binding site were incorporated to ensure reverse transcription-mediated replication, sequences to ensure optimal context for translation initiation of the viral genes were added and a multi-cloning site for the ease of cloning DNA fragments was included. The silencing ability of pRTBV-MVIGS was tested using the rice phytoene desaturase (pds) gene on rice. More than half of the agroinoculated rice plants showed white streaks in leaves within 21 days post-inoculation (dpi), which continued to appear in all emerging leaves till approximately 60-70 dpi. Compared to control samples, real-time PCR showed only 10-40% accumulation of pds transcripts in the leaves showing the streaks. This is the first report of the construction of a VIGS vector for rice which can be introduced by agroinoculation

Deciphering the kinetics and pathway of lindane biodegradation by novel soil ascomycete fungi for its implication in bioremediation

Lindane, an organochlorine pesticide, negatively affects living beings and the ecosystem. In this study, the potential of 9 Ascomycetes fungi, isolated from an hexachlorocyclohexane dumpsite soil, was tested for biodegradation of lindane. The strain Pleurostoma richardsiae (FN5) showed lindane biodegradation rate constant (K value) of 0.144 d-1 and a half-life of 4.8d. The formation of intermediate metabolites upon lindane degradation including & gamma;-pentachlorocyclohexene, 2,4-dichlorophenol, phenol, benzene, 1,3- cyclohexadiene, and benzoic acid detected by GC-MS and the potential pathway adopted by the novel fungal strain FN5 for lindane biodegradation has been elucidated. The study of gene profiles with reference to linA and linB in strain FN5 confirmed the same protein family with the reported heterologs from other fungal strains in the NCBI database. This study for the first time provides a thorough understanding of lindane biodegradation by a novel soil-borne Ascomycota fungal strain for its possible application in field-scale bioremediation

Forecasting Shifts in Hoosiers’ Travel Demand and Behavior

The changing landscape of transportation technology and traveler behavior, accelerated by recent events like COVID-19, has led to significant shifts in travel demand and vehicle miles traveled in Indiana. This study seeks to understand the long-term implications of these changes and their potential impact on passenger, freight, and micro-mobility movements across the state. To achieve this objective, this project focused on forecasting future transportation demand conditions and carrying out long-range scenario planning by accomplishing four tasks: forecasting travel demand shifts based on location-based data, evaluating medium-term inter- and intra-urban transportation demand shifts, forecasting county-level industry shifts using scenario-based growth models, and providing recommendations and guidance to the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) based on the study results. Results offer improved planning for infrastructure investments and operations, the incorporation of emerging technologies into transportation planning processes, and an enhanced understanding of passenger and freight movements at the statewide and regional levels. Deliverables from this study include valuable tools and models that can help INDOT navigate potential transportation system changes and accommodate the evolving needs of the future

Proceedings of International Conference on Applied Mathematics & Computational Sciences

This proceedings contain articles of the various research ideas of the academic community and practitioners presented at the International Conference on Applied Mathematics & Computational Sciences (ICAMCS 2019). ICAMCS2019 aimed to provide a platform to discuss ideas, issues, challenges, findings, opportunities, and applications of Applied Mathematics and Computational Sciences in various fields. It is a great privilege for us to present the proceedings of ICAMCS2019 to the authors and the delegates of the event. We hope that you will find it useful, valuable, aspiring, and inspiring. Conference Title: International Conference on Applied Mathematics & Computational SciencesConference Acronym: ICAMCS-2019Conference Date: 17-19 October, 2019Conference Location: DIT University, DehradunConference Organizers: DIT University, Dehradun, Indi