Measurement of the Bottom-Strange Meson Mixing Phase in the Full CDF Data Set

We report a measurement of the bottom-strange meson mixing phase \beta_s using the time evolution of B0_s -> J/\psi (->\mu+\mu-) \phi (-> K+ K-) decays in which the quark-flavor content of the bottom-strange meson is identified at production. This measurement uses the full data set of proton-antiproton collisions at sqrt(s)= 1.96 TeV collected by the Collider Detector experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron, corresponding to 9.6 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. We report confidence regions in the two-dimensional space of \beta_s and the B0_s decay-width difference \Delta\Gamma_s, and measure \beta_s in [-\pi/2, -1.51] U [-0.06, 0.30] U [1.26, \pi/2] at the 68% confidence level, in agreement with the standard model expectation. Assuming the standard model value of \beta_s, we also determine \Delta\Gamma_s = 0.068 +- 0.026 (stat) +- 0.009 (syst) ps-1 and the mean B0_s lifetime, \tau_s = 1.528 +- 0.019 (stat) +- 0.009 (syst) ps, which are consistent and competitive with determinations by other experiments.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett 109, 171802 (2012

The Immune Landscape of Cancer

We performed an extensive immunogenomic anal-ysis of more than 10,000 tumors comprising 33diverse cancer types by utilizing data compiled byTCGA. Across cancer types, we identified six im-mune subtypes\u2014wound healing, IFN-gdominant,inflammatory, lymphocyte depleted, immunologi-cally quiet, and TGF-bdominant\u2014characterized bydifferences in macrophage or lymphocyte signa-tures, Th1:Th2 cell ratio, extent of intratumoral het-erogeneity, aneuploidy, extent of neoantigen load,overall cell proliferation, expression of immunomod-ulatory genes, and prognosis. Specific drivermutations correlated with lower (CTNNB1,NRAS,orIDH1) or higher (BRAF,TP53,orCASP8) leukocytelevels across all cancers. Multiple control modalitiesof the intracellular and extracellular networks (tran-scription, microRNAs, copy number, and epigeneticprocesses) were involved in tumor-immune cell inter-actions, both across and within immune subtypes.Our immunogenomics pipeline to characterize theseheterogeneous tumors and the resulting data areintended to serve as a resource for future targetedstudies to further advance the field

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3�6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55 of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017�and more than 80 in some low- and middle-income regions�was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing�and in some countries reversal�of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories. © 2019, The Author(s)

A century of trends in adult human height

Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5-22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3-19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8-144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries

KAITAN KADAR ZINC DENGAN KEMAMPUAN ADAPTASI GELAP PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR

Zinc is a crucial element not only in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolisms, but also in synthesis for nucleate acid and cell degradation (Prasad, 1985). Zinc also involves in injured recovery, fertility, cell reproduction, growth velocity and prevents from free radicals (Cousins, 1986). A recent study found an association between Zinc deficiency with visual disorder such as night blindness. There has been a high number of children with Zinc deficiency in Indonesia. Satoto (2001) argue that 26,8% of 500 children under two years in Grobogan Central Java experienced Zinc deficiency (Satoto, 2001). Another study by Endang-Purwaningsih (2001) found 47,9% of infant (4-7 months) with Zinc deficiency in lndramayu, West Java. Zinc and Vitamin A supplementation contribute a positive result in dark adaptory ability on children (Udomkesmalee Ed al., 1992). The study also recommends an adequate intake of Zinc and Vitamin A at once for nutrition improvement in the community. The study objective is to identify the relationship between Zinc serum with dark adaptory ability on primary school children. To achieve the objective, there are some explanation as a project framework including the assessment of Zinc serum, dark adaptory ability and analysis of the two variables. The study utilised Observational study design. 51primary school children (years 5) involved in the study. Those were from SD 1 and SD 2 Deras, Kedungjati municipality, Grobogan district. Several kinds of data such as sample characteristics, blood sampling, and demography of Deras village are also obtained. Data collection was undertaken by professional workers based on their qualification (general practitioner, Ophthalmologist, nutritionists, laboratory person). Training was also provided to the workers to eliminate bias. Data analysis used SPSS program under Windows to transfer data into information needed. A linier regression was used to test the study hypothesis. Confident level was set by 5%. There is a significant association between Zinc serum level with dark adaptory ability on primary school children (p-value=0,001, and multiple-r =0,182). Result of this study showed that 60,8% of the children has lower Zinc serum, where is normally 85 pg/dl for men and 90 pg/dl for women (Gibson, 1990). Zinc adalah komponen penting lebih dad sekitar 200 metallo¬enzim yang yang berperan pada metabolisme karbohidrat, lemak dan protein, sintesa asam nucleat dan degradasi sel (Prasad, 1985). Zinc juga terlibat dalam memperbaiki / menyembuhkan luka, menjaga kesuburan, menolong sel-sel untuk berproduksi, reproduksi, tumbuh kembang dan mencegah serta melawan radikal-radikal bebas terhadap fungsi-fungsi yang lain (Cousins, 1986). Dari fungsi Zinc tersebut, ternyata ditemukan juga adanya kaftan antara defisiensi Zinc dengan gangguan penglihatan mata seperti buta senja (night blindness). Angka defisiensi Zinc pada anak-anak di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi berdasarkan hasil penelitian beberapa ahli. Satoto (2001) menemukan bahwa 26,8% clari 500 anak usia 0-2 tahun yang diteliti di Grobogan Jawa Tengah mengalami defisiensi Zinc (Satoto, 2001). Penelitian lain dilakukan oleh Endang-Purwaningsih (2001) mendapatkan 47,9% anak usia 4-7 bulan di Indramayu menderifa defisiensi zinc. Hasil yang dapat disimpulkan pada penelitian di Thailand ternyata suplementasi Zinc don Vitamin A memberikan hash positif terhadap kemampuan adaptasi gelap pada mata anak. Penelitian tersebut juga merekomendasikan perbaikan Zinc dan vitamin A dipopulasi dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan suplementasi kedua zat gizinutrient tersebut kurang dari duo kali angka kecukupan Zn dan Vitamin A yang dianjurkan (Udomkesmalee et al., 1992). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kaitan kadar Zinc dengan kemampuan adaptasi gelap pada anak sekolah dasar. Penjabaran tujuan tersebut meliputi pengukuran kadar serum Zinc, pengukuran kemampuan adaptasi gelap serta menganalisis hubungan antara kadar serum Zinc dengan kemampuan adaptasi gelap. Penelifian ini menggunakan observational study design melalui pendekatan waktu secara crossectional. Sampel menggunakan 51 anak sekolah kelas V pada Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 dan 2 desa Deras, kecamatan Kedungjati, kabupaten Grobogan. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakieristik sampel, contoh darah serta demografi desa Deras. Seluruh proses pengambilan data dilakukan oleh tenaga terlatih sesuai dengan kualifikasi seperti dokter spesialis mata, dokter umum, GNI gizi dan tenaga laborat. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan program SPSS under Windows yang dilakukan secara deskriptif dan analitik. up regresi linier digunakan untuk menjawab hipotesis penelitian dengan tingkat kemaknaan 5%. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara variable kadar serum Zinc dengan kemampuan adaptasi gelap dengan p-value=0,001 dengan keeratan hubungan mencapai= 0,182. Hasil yang diperoleh dari studi ini menunjukkan bahwa masih 60,8% sampel yang mempunyai kadar Zinc serum di bawah batas ambang normal yaitu 85 pg/dl untuk anak laki-laki dan 90 pg/dl untuk anak perempuan (Gibson, 1990