Sistema de Aprendizaje Tutorial-SAT : replanteando la educación secundaria rural en América Latina

Sistema de Aprendizaje Tutorial, también conocido como el SAT (desde los finales de 1970 hasta el presente), fue diseñado por una organización no gubernamental colombiana llamada Fundación para la Aplicación y Enseñanza de las Ciencias, FUNDAEC, que proporciona educación secundaria alternativa y completa para la juventud rural; esta integra la teoría y la práctica pertinentes para que pueda seguir trabajando en sus actividades agrícolas y otros medios de vida. Los tutores capacitados del programa utilizan una metodología de “aprender haciendo”; por ejemplo las matemáticas y la ciencia se aprenden en el contexto de la innovación agrícola, a fin de promover la educación rural y el desarrollo comunitario en las comunidades marginadas. El SAT se basa en los principios bahá’ís, y se hace hincapié en la participación ciudadana, la justicia social y el empoderamiento de la mujer. Además de las habilidades académicas, el SAT está acreditado y es reconocido por los gobiernos de Colombia y Honduras, lo que permite que los graduados puedan asistir a la universidad, o conseguir un empleo que requiera un título de educación secundaria. Puntaje en los exámenes: Los niños de los pueblos y aldeas en los que se implementó el SAT en Honduras obtuvieron resultados 45 por ciento mejores que los niños de las escuelas públicas rurales de la zona. Resultados del aprendizaje social: Los estudios cualitativos sugieren que los estudiantes SAT en Honduras mostraban un mayor sentido de responsabilidad social hacia sus comunidades, y que las estudiantes mujeres tenían mejores niveles de empoderamiento (definidos por su capacidad de auto-determinación y su habilidad para tomar decisiones estratégicas en la vida). Expansión: El modelo SAT se ha exportado con diversos grados de éxito a diferentes países de América Latina. En África, el sudeste de Asia y la región del Pacífico, el SAT ha sido adaptado para un programa hermano llamado Preparación para la Acción Social, conocido como PAS. Desarrollo rural: Mediante la contratación de tutores de las comunidades locales, el SAT contribuye a la creación de empleo; los proyectos de aprendizaje aplicado ayudan a mejorar el bienestar de las comunidades

Scaling impact in education for transformative change: Practical recommendations from the Real-Time Scaling Labs

Transforming education systems is a complex process that requires understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the educational ecosystem and exploring new approaches, ideas, and initiatives to improve quality learning opportunities for children and youth. However, research shows it is not enough to simply identify effective education initiatives and expand them to more people. It takes a combination of technical expertise, understanding of local contexts, political strategy, collaborative partnership, flexible adaptation, and shared vision to scale and sustain the impact of education initiatives. Scaling cannot occur through one actor alone; it requires concerted and collaborative action by multiple actors at all levels of the education system.Too often, the work of scaling is not captured by typical monitoring and evaluation or research studies and lessons learned are not systematically documented. In response, in 2018 the Center for Universal Education (CUE) at Brookings launched a series of Real-time Scaling Labs (RTSLs) to generate more evidence and provide practical recommendations on how to expand, deepen, and sustain the impact of education initiatives leading to transformative change in education systems, especially for the most disadvantaged children and youth.The purpose of this report is to look across all six of the RTSL cases to analyze common themes, insights, and lessons learned about the process of scaling as well as interesting divergences, and to offer considerations for others looking to learn from or build on this work. This report is intended for governments, education implementers, donors, and researchers who are interested in collaborative approaches to scaling impact in education

Schooling and conflict in Darfur: A snapshot of basic education services for displaced children

Schooling and Conflict in Darfur, a joint project of the Population Council and the Women\u27s Refugee Commission, is a report based on a 2008 survey designed to provide a more accurate picture of the state of formal and non-formal education for displaced children of primary school age (6-14) in North and West Darfur. The findings are based on a scientifically selected sample of internally displaced persons (IDP) communities in North and West Darfur. The goal of the report is to provide donors, policymakers, and practitioners information to help plan and implement effective, targeted education programs for internally displaced children in Darfur, Sudan. These findings also have application for humanitarian actors in other contexts of displacement

Circulating microRNAs in sera correlate with soluble biomarkers of immune activation but do not predict mortality in ART treated individuals with HIV-1 infection: A case control study

Introduction: The use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced HIV-1 associated morbidity and mortality. However, HIV-1 infected individuals have increased rates of morbidity and mortality compared to the non-HIV-1 infected population and this appears to be related to end-organ diseases collectively referred to as Serious Non-AIDS Events (SNAEs). Circulating miRNAs are reported as promising biomarkers for a number of human disease conditions including those that constitute SNAEs. Our study sought to investigate the potential of selected miRNAs in predicting mortality in HIV-1 infected ART treated individuals. Materials and Methods: A set of miRNAs was chosen based on published associations with human disease conditions that constitute SNAEs. This case: control study compared 126 cases (individuals who died whilst on therapy), and 247 matched controls (individuals who remained alive). Cases and controls were ART treated participants of two pivotal HIV-1 trials. The relative abundance of each miRNA in serum was measured, by RTqPCR. Associations with mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular and malignancy) were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Correlations between miRNAs and CD4+ T cell count, hs-CRP, IL-6 and D-dimer were also assessed. Results: None of the selected miRNAs was associated with all-cause, cardiovascular or malignancy mortality. The levels of three miRNAs (miRs -21, -122 and -200a) correlated with IL-6 while miR-21 also correlated with D-dimer. Additionally, the abundance of miRs -31, -150 and -223, correlated with baseline CD4+ T cell count while the same three miRNAs plus miR- 145 correlated with nadir CD4+ T cell count. Discussion: No associations with mortality were found with any circulating miRNA studied. These results cast doubt onto the effectiveness of circulating miRNA as early predictors of mortality or the major underlying diseases that contribute to mortality in participants treated for HIV-1 infection

Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV Infection Using Prospective Cohort Data from the D:A:D Study

Ristola M. on työryhmien DAD Study Grp ; Royal Free Hosp Clin Cohort ; INSIGHT Study Grp ; SMART Study Grp ; ESPRIT Study Grp jäsen.Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue for HIV-positive individuals, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Development and implementation of a risk score model for CKD would allow comparison of the risks and benefits of adding potentially nephrotoxic antiretrovirals to a treatment regimen and would identify those at greatest risk of CKD. The aims of this study were to develop a simple, externally validated, and widely applicable long-term risk score model for CKD in HIV-positive individuals that can guide decision making in clinical practice. Methods and Findings A total of 17,954 HIV-positive individuals from the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study with >= 3 estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values after 1 January 2004 were included. Baseline was defined as the first eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 after 1 January 2004; individuals with exposure to tenofovir, atazanavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, other boosted protease inhibitors before baseline were excluded. CKD was defined as confirmed (>3 mo apart) eGFR In the D:A:D study, 641 individuals developed CKD during 103,185 person-years of follow-up (PYFU; incidence 6.2/1,000 PYFU, 95% CI 5.7-6.7; median follow-up 6.1 y, range 0.3-9.1 y). Older age, intravenous drug use, hepatitis C coinfection, lower baseline eGFR, female gender, lower CD4 count nadir, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) predicted CKD. The adjusted incidence rate ratios of these nine categorical variables were scaled and summed to create the risk score. The median risk score at baseline was -2 (interquartile range -4 to 2). There was a 1: 393 chance of developing CKD in the next 5 y in the low risk group (risk score = 5, 505 events), respectively. Number needed to harm (NNTH) at 5 y when starting unboosted atazanavir or lopinavir/ritonavir among those with a low risk score was 1,702 (95% CI 1,166-3,367); NNTH was 202 (95% CI 159-278) and 21 (95% CI 19-23), respectively, for those with a medium and high risk score. NNTH was 739 (95% CI 506-1462), 88 (95% CI 69-121), and 9 (95% CI 8-10) for those with a low, medium, and high risk score, respectively, starting tenofovir, atazanavir/ritonavir, or another boosted protease inhibitor. The Royal Free Hospital Clinic Cohort included 2,548 individuals, of whom 94 individuals developed CKD (3.7%) during 18,376 PYFU (median follow-up 7.4 y, range 0.3-12.7 y). Of 2,013 individuals included from the SMART/ESPRIT control arms, 32 individuals developed CKD (1.6%) during 8,452 PYFU (median follow-up 4.1 y, range 0.6-8.1 y). External validation showed that the risk score predicted well in these cohorts. Limitations of this study included limited data on race and no information on proteinuria. Conclusions Both traditional and HIV-related risk factors were predictive of CKD. These factors were used to develop a risk score for CKD in HIV infection, externally validated, that has direct clinical relevance for patients and clinicians to weigh the benefits of certain antiretrovirals against the risk of CKD and to identify those at greatest risk of CKD.Peer reviewe

Esperanza y oportunidades para los jóvenes

Los jóvenes desplazados necesitan con urgencia educación y formación en habilidades productivas para poder participar y liderar la reconstrucción de su comunidad

Hope and opportunities for young people

Displaced youth urgently need education and training inmarketable skills so that they can be participants and leadersin the rebuilding of their communities

Interruption of antiretroviral therapy is associated with increased plasma cystatin C.

Collaboratore della suddetta ricerca in quanto membro del INSIGHT SMART Study Grou