The monumental architecture whitin the strategic planning for cities: architecture rentier designer Richard Rogers

O planejamento estratégico de cidades tem sido um dos instrumentos mais utilizados pelos agentes urbanos. A cidade, analisada sob a perspectiva de uma mercadoria a ser "vendida", apoia-se nas estratégias do city marketing como forma de valorizar as potencialidades que promove. Nesse contexto, a arquitetura de grife atua como catalisadora na formação de imagens representativas para a promoção da cidade e está, ainda, associada às rendas de monopólio, por meio da majoração destas, dado o seu caráter singular. Assim, cada localidade busca reunir obras de arquitetos pertencentes ao star system, como é o caso da arquitetura high-tech de Richard Rogers.El planeamiento estratégico de las ciudades ha sido uno de los instrumentos más utilizados por los agentes urbanos. La ciudad, analizada bajo la perspectiva de una mercadoría que va ser "vendida", apoyándose en las estrategias del city marketing como forma de valorar las potencialidades que promueve. En este contexto, arquitectura de marca actúa como catalizadora en la formación de imágenes representativas para la promoción de la ciudad y está, todavía, asociada a las rendas de monopolio, por medio del aumento de estas, dado su carácter singular. Así, cada localidad busca reunir obras de arquitectos pertenecientes al star system, como es el caso da arquitectura high-tech de Richard Rogers.Strategic planning of cities has been one of the most used tools by urban agents. The city, considered from the perspective of a merchandise to be "sold", is based on the strategies of city marketing as a way to harness the potential that it promotes. In this context, brand architecture acts as a catalyst in the formation of representative images to promote the city and is also associated with monopoly rents through the increase of the latter, given its unique character. Thus, each locality has tried to bring together works of architects belonging to the star system, as is the case of Richard Rogers' high-tech architecture

Metabolically Healthy Obesity and High Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Children and Adolescents: International Childhood Vascular Structure Evaluation Consortium

OBJECTIVE It has been argued that metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) does not increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study examines the association of MHO with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), a proxy of CVD risk, in children and adolescents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were available for 3,497 children and adolescents aged 6–17 years from five population-based cross-sectional studies in Brazil, China, Greece, Italy, and Spain. Weight status categories (normal, overweight, and obese) were defined using BMI cutoffs from the International Obesity Task Force. Metabolic status (defined as "healthy" [no risk factors] or "unhealthy" [one or more risk factors]) was based on four CVD risk factors: elevated blood pressure, elevated triglyceride levels, reduced HDL cholesterol, and elevated fasting glucose. High cIMT was defined as cIMT ≥90th percentile for sex, age, and study population. Logistic regression model was used to examine the association of weight and metabolic status with high cIMT, with adjustment for sex, age, race/ethnicity, and study center. RESULTS In comparison with metabolically healthy normal weight, odds ratios (ORs) for high cIMT were 2.29 (95% CI 1.58–3.32) for metabolically healthy overweight and 3.91 (2.46–6.21) for MHO. ORs for high cIMT were 1.44 (1.03–2.02) for unhealthy normal weight, 3.49 (2.51–4.85) for unhealthy overweight, and 6.96 (5.05–9.61) for unhealthy obesity. CONCLUSIONS Among children and adolescents, cIMT was higher for both MHO and metabolically healthy overweight compared with metabolically healthy normal weight. Our findings reinforce the need for weight control in children and adolescents irrespective of their metabolic status

TRAUMATISMO DENTÁRIO EM DENTES DECÍDUOS: FATORES DE RISCO, CLASSIFICAÇÃO E EFEITOS SOBRE A DENTIÇÃO PERMANENTE.

Dentoalveolar trauma is classified as a high-prevalence injury in childhood, caused by falls, sports accidents, among other situations, to which children are more prone due to their development, including falls from their own height when learning to walk. This article aimed to review the literature regarding dental trauma in childhood and its risk factors, classification, and effects on permanent dentition. The results showed that malocclusion type and lack of lip protection are among the predisposing factors, specifically anterior open bite, Angle Class II Division 1, and mouth breathing. The time elapsed between trauma and dental care significantly influences the patient's prognosis, thus requiring immediate dental consultation upon trauma occurrence. Another important point to consider is the late sequelae of trauma, leading to effects on permanent dentition, with enamel hypoplasia being among the most prevalent. Therefore, it is concluded that early identification and treatment are essential to reduce the impact of dentoalveolar traumas. Basic knowledge about the topic, by parents and/or caregivers of the child as well as schools, is also essential for treatment success.O traumatismo dento-alveolar é classificado como injúrias de alta prevalência na infância, causadas por quedas, acidentes esportivos, entre outras situações, as quais estão mais propensas, devido ao seu desenvolvimento, incluindo quedas da própria altura, ao aprenderem a andar. Este artigo teve como objetivo revisar a literatura a cerca do traumatismo dentário na infância e seus fatores de risco, classificação e efeitos, sobre a dentição permanente. Como resultados obteve-se que o tipo de mal oclusão e a falta de proteção labial estão entre os fatores predisponentes, especificamente presença de mordida aberta anterior, classe II divisão 1 de Angle e respiração bucal. O tempo decorrente entre o trauma e o atendimento odontológico influencia de forma significativa no prognóstico do paciente sendo, portanto, necessária a ida ao consultório quando da ocorrência do trauma. Outro ponto importante a ser levado em consideração, são as sequelas tardias do trauma, levando a efeitos sobre a dentição permanente, dentre as mais prevalentes, a hipoplasia de esmalte. Portanto, conclui-se que a identificação e o tratamento precoce são essenciais para diminuição do impacto dos traumatismos dento-alveolares. O conhecimento básico acerca do tema, por parte dos pais e\ou cuidadores da criança assim como das escolas, também se faz fundamental para o sucesso do tratamento

TERAPÊUTICA NÃO MEDICAMENTOSA PARA DOR CRÔNICA: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

A dor é um mecanismo desagradável, que o corpo humano experimenta quando há um dano tecidual, funcionando para alerta e defesa. No Brasil, há poucos estudos epidemiológicos sobre dor crônica, mas há pesquisas que mostram que, em média, 35% da população é portadora de dor crônica. Assim, a presente pesquisa objetiva revisar, na literatura científica, as principais formas de tratamento não medicamentoso para dor crônica. O presente estudo consiste em uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa da literatura científica, através dos seguintes Descritores em Ciências da Saúde: “Dor Crônica”, “Fisioterapia/Acupuntura”, “Integralidade em Saúde”, nas bases de dados científicos Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), biblioteca virtual em saúde (BVS) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Estudos demonstram que, a partir das atividades de alongamento e relaxamento, propostas pela fisioterapeuta e pelo educador físico, há uma redução da demanda por medicamentos analgésicos e anti-inflamatórios, além da diminuição de procura por consultas, para atendimento da referida queixa.A dor é um mecanismo desagradável, que o corpo humano experimenta quando há um dano tecidual, funcionando para alerta e defesa. No Brasil, há poucos estudos epidemiológicos sobre dor crônica, mas há pesquisas que mostram que, em média, 35% da população é portadora de dor crônica. Assim, a presente pesquisa objetiva revisar, na literatura científica, as principais formas de tratamento não medicamentoso para dor crônica. O presente estudo consiste em uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa da literatura científica, através dos seguintes Descritores em Ciências da Saúde: “Dor Crônica”, “Fisioterapia/Acupuntura”, “Integralidade em Saúde”, nas bases de dados científicos Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), biblioteca virtual em saúde (BVS) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Estudos demonstram que, a partir das atividades de alongamento e relaxamento, propostas pela fisioterapeuta e pelo educador físico, há uma redução da demanda por medicamentos analgésicos e anti-inflamatórios, além da diminuição de procura por consultas, para atendimento da referida queixa

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Resumos em andamento - Educação

Resumos em andamento - Educaçã