Geodiversity influences limnological conditions and freshwater ostracode species distributions across broad spatial scales in the northern Neotropics

Geodiversity is recognized as one of the most important drivers of ecosystem characteristics and biodiversity globally. However, in the northern Neotropics, the contribution of highly diverse landscapes, environmental conditions, and geological history in structuring large-scale patterns of aquatic environments and aquatic species associations remains poorly understood. We evaluated the relationships among geodiversity, limnological conditions, and freshwater ostracodes from southern Mexico to Nicaragua. A cluster analysis (CA), based on geological, geochemical, mineralogical, and water-column physical and chemical characteristics of 76 aquatic ecosystems (karst, volcanic, tectonic) revealed two main limnological regions: (1) karst plateaus of the Yucatán Peninsula and northern Guatemala, and (2) volcanic terrains of the Guatemalan highlands, mid-elevation sites in El Salvador and Honduras, and the Nicaraguan lowlands. In addition, seven subregions were recognized, demonstrating a high heterogeneity of aquatic environments. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified water chemistry (ionic composition) and mineralogy as most influential for aquatic ecosystem classification. Multi-parametric analyses, based on biological data, revealed that ostracode species associations represent disjunct faunas. Five species associations, distributed according to limnological regions, were recognized. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that geodiversity explains limnological patterns of the study area. Limnology further explained species composition, but not species richness. The influence of conductivity and elevation were individually evaluated in SEM and were statistically significant for ostracode species composition, though not for species richness. We conclude that geodiversity has a central influence on the limnological conditions of aquatic systems, which in turn influence ostracode species composition in lakes of the northern Neotropical region

Geodiversity influences limnological conditions and freshwater ostracode species distributions across broad spatial scales in the northern Neotropics

Geodiversity is recognized as one of the most important drivers of ecosystem characteristics and biodiversity globally. However, in the northern Neotropics, the contribution of highly diverse landscapes, environmental conditions, and geological history in structuring large-scale patterns of aquatic environments and aquatic species associations remains poorly understood. We evaluated the relationships among geodiversity, limnological conditions, and freshwater ostracodes from southern Mexico to Nicaragua. A cluster analysis (CA), based on geological, geochemical, mineralogical, and water-column physical and chemical characteristics of 76 aquatic ecosystems (karst, volcanic, tectonic) revealed two main limnological regions: (1) karst plateaus of the Yucatán Peninsula and northern Guatemala, and (2) volcanic terrains of the Guatemalan highlands, mid-elevation sites in El Salvador and Honduras, and the Nicaraguan lowlands. In addition, seven subregions were recognized, demonstrating a high heterogeneity of aquatic environments. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified water chemistry (ionic composition) and mineralogy as most influential for aquatic ecosystem classification. Multi-parametric analyses, based on biological data, revealed that ostracode species associations represent disjunct faunas. Five species associations, distributed according to limnological regions, were recognized. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that geodiversity explains limnological patterns of the study area. Limnology further explained species composition, but not species richness. The influence of conductivity and elevation were individually evaluated in SEM and were statistically significant for ostracode species composition, though not for species richness. We conclude that geodiversity has a central influence on the limnological conditions of aquatic systems, which in turn influence ostracode species composition in lakes of the northern Neotropical region.</p

901-5 Intravenous Amiodarone Restores Sinus Rhythm in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated with Atrial Fibrillation

The effectiveness and tolerance of intravenous (IV) amiodarone (Am) in atrialfibrillation (AF) complicated acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is not well studied. Thus, twenty patients (Pts) with AMI complicated with AF occurring within 30h (11.9 ± 10) of the onset of AMI symptoms were treated with IV administration of digitalis (d, 0.5mg and an additional 0.25mg later) followed by IV Am 300mg over 2h (starting 2h after the initial dose of d) and followed by 44mg/h for up to 3 days, if sinus rhythm (SR) was not restored. Intravenous d restored SR within 2h in 5/20pts. AF relapsed in 2 of them. Subsequent administration of Am for 2 h restored SR in the remaining 15/20pts and in the 2pts in whom AF had relapsed after the initial restoration of SR by d. Am restored SR within an average of 12.8 (range 0.5–56) h of infusion. Total dose of Am was 1922 ± 720mg in 4pts and 425 ± 241mg in the remaining 13. Am was well tolerated by all pts including 1 with cardiogenic shock assisted with the intraaortic balloon pump. In conclusion, IV Am administration ishighly effective in restoring sinusrhythm in AF complicating AMI and is well tolerated

What is the recovery rate and risk of long-term consequences following a diagnosis of COVID-19?:A harmonised, global longitudinal observational study protocol

Introduction: Very little is known about possible clinical sequelae that may persist after resolution of acute COVID-19. A recent longitudinal cohort from Italy including 143 patients followed up after hospitalisation with COVID-19 reported that 87% had at least one ongoing symptom at 60-day follow-up. Early indications suggest that patients with COVID-19 may need even more psychological support than typical intensive care unit patients. The assessment of risk factors for longer term consequences requires a longitudinal study linked to data on pre-existing conditions and care received during the acute phase of illness. The primary aim of this study is to characterise physical and psychosocial sequelae in patients post-COVID-19 hospital discharge. Methods and analysis: This is an international open-access prospective, observational multisite study. This protocol is linked with the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) and the WHO’s Clinical Characterisation Protocol, which includes patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 during hospitalisation. This protocol will follow-up a subset of patients with confirmed COVID-19 using standardised surveys to measure longer term physical and psychosocial sequelae. The data will be linked with the acute phase data. Statistical analyses will be undertaken to characterise groups most likely to be affected by sequelae of COVID-19. The open-access follow-up survey can be used as a data collection tool by other follow-up studies, to facilitate data harmonisation and to identify subsets of patients for further in-depth follow-up. The outcomes of this study will inform strategies to prevent long-term consequences; inform clinical management, interventional studies, rehabilitation and public health management to reduce overall morbidity; and improve long-term outcomes of COVID-19. Ethics and dissemination: The protocol and survey are open access to enable low-resourced sites to join the study to facilitate global standardised, longitudinal data collection. Ethical approval has been given by sites in Colombia, Ghana, Italy, Norway, Russia, the UK and South Africa. New sites are welcome to join this collaborative study at any time. Sites interested in adopting the protocol as it is or in an adapted version are responsible for ensuring that local sponsorship and ethical approvals in place as appropriate. The tools are available on the ISARIC website (www.isaric.org)

Long-term outcomes of the global tuberculosis and COVID-19 co-infection cohort

Background: Longitudinal cohort data of patients with tuberculosis (TB) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are lacking. In our global study, we describe long-term outcomes of patients affected by TB and COVID-19. Methods: We collected data from 174 centres in 31 countries on all patients affected by COVID-19 and TB between 1 March 2020 and 30 September 2022. Patients were followed-up until cure, death or end of cohort time. All patients had TB and COVID-19; for analysis purposes, deaths were attributed to TB, COVID-19 or both. Survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional risk-regression models, and the log-rank test was used to compare survival and mortality attributed to TB, COVID-19 or both. Results: Overall, 788 patients with COVID-19 and TB (active or sequelae) were recruited from 31 countries, and 10.8% (n=85) died during the observation period. Survival was significantly lower among patients whose death was attributed to TB and COVID-19 versus those dying because of either TB or COVID-19 alone (p&lt;0.001). Significant adjusted risk factors for TB mortality were higher age (hazard ratio (HR) 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.07), HIV infection (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.02-5.16) and invasive ventilation (HR 4.28, 95% CI 2.34-7.83). For COVID-19 mortality, the adjusted risks were higher age (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.02-1.04), male sex (HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.24-3.91), oxygen requirement (HR 7.93, 95% CI 3.44-18.26) and invasive ventilation (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.36-3.53). Conclusions: In our global cohort, death was the outcome in &gt;10% of patients with TB and COVID-19. A range of demographic and clinical predictors are associated with adverse outcomes

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI &lt;18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school&#x2;aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI &lt;2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI &gt;2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Città Architettura Edilizia pubblica. Il Piano INA Casa 1949-1963

L'articolo illustra sinteticamente le vicende del Piano INA Casa, inedito episodio dell'edizlia residenziale dell'immediato dopo-guerra. Prende spunto dalla mostra organizzata al Maxxi (ex Darc), in cui furono esposti alcuni dei più significativi quartieri realizzati. -Il testo illustra la mostra sul Piano INA Casa presentata al Museo per l'Arte e l'Architettura Contemporanee, insieme a una serie di manifestazioni miranti a far conoscere l'importanza del piano nell'ambito della ricostruzione degli alloggi danneggiati dalla guerra

Mal de Viñas del café: ¿biótico o abiótico?

10 p.El Mal de Viñas (MDV) es una enfermedad que ha provocado graves pérdidas para los caficultores del oriente de Guatemala. A pesar de los esfuerzos realizados por diversas instituciones no se ha determinado cuál es su agente causal. La sintomatología del MDV (amarillamiento y defoliación irreversibles, así como pobre desarrollo radicular) sugiere que el agente causal es un patógeno. Por otro lado el suelo de la región afectada por la enfermedad presenta un pH bajo (4.70 menos) asociado a altos niveles de aluminio, sugiriendo que el MDV es una enfermedad de origen abiótico. Para determinar si el MDV es un problema biótico o abiótico se trató de establecer algo en patógeno asociado por medio de examen microscópico de tejidos y fluidos así como por aislamiento de patógenos. También se realizaron ensayos a nivel de invernadero para tratar de reproducir los síntomas de la enfermedad. Los resultados sugieren que el MDV es una enfermedad de etiología compleja, pero principalmente de origen abiótico, en donde la acidez de los suelos, en conjunto con altos niveles de aluminio, parecen jugar un papel importante