Stresseurs psychosociaux académiques et détresse psychologique durant la formation infirmière

Introduction : La détresse psychologique est fréquente chez la population étudiante universitaire. Sa prévalence s’élève entre 26,6% et 65,3% chez des étudiant·es du domaine infirmier de divers pays pendant la pandémie de COVID-19. Les stresseurs psychosociaux académiques, parmi lesquels figurent la surcharge de travail et le manque de soutien social, semblent nuire à la santé mentale. Davantage d’études sont requises pour comprendre cette association, notamment en contexte de pandémie. Objectifs : Cette étude a été menée auprès d’étudiant·es du domaine infirmier du Québec durant la pandémie de COVID-19. Elle visait à 1) examiner la prévalence d’exposition aux stresseurs psychosociaux académiques et de détresse psychologique; 2) évaluer les associations entre les stresseurs psychosociaux académiques et la détresse psychologique. Méthode : Cette étude s’appuyait sur un devis corrélationnel transversal. Les données ont été collectées au moyen d’un questionnaire en ligne auto-administré auprès de 230 étudiant·es du domaine infirmier. Des modèles de régression Poisson robustes ont permis d’évaluer si les stresseurs (demandes psychologiques élevées, latitude décisionnelle faible, soutien social faible, reconnaissance faible, surinvestissement) accroissent la prévalence de la détresse psychologique (Kessler-6, où un résultat ≥7/24 correspond à une détresse psychologique élevée ou très élevée). Résultats : La détresse psychologique touchait 77% des étudiant·es. L’exposition était plus importante pour les demandes psychologiques élevées (75,65%) et le surinvestissement (53,91%). Après ajustement, seul le surinvestissement augmentait la prévalence de la détresse psychologique (RP : 1,91; IC95% 1,05-3,47). Discussion et conclusion : Les résultats s’alignent à ceux de recherches précédentes. Le surinvestissement est une caractéristique personnelle, mais il est possible qu’il soit encouragé par une surcharge de travail. Les résultats suggèrent que le surinvestissement ait un impact néfaste sur la santé mentale étudiante.Introduction : La détresse psychologique est fréquente chez la population étudiante universitaire. Sa prévalence s’élève entre 26,6% et 65,3% chez des étudiant·es du domaine infirmier de divers pays pendant la pandémie de COVID-19. Les stresseurs psychosociaux académiques, parmi lesquels figurent la surcharge de travail et le manque de soutien social, semblent nuire à la santé mentale. Davantage d’études sont requises pour comprendre cette association, notamment en contexte de pandémie. Objectifs : Cette étude a été menée auprès d’étudiant·es du domaine infirmier du Québec durant la pandémie de COVID-19. Elle visait à 1) examiner la prévalence d’exposition aux stresseurs psychosociaux académiques et de détresse psychologique; 2) évaluer les associations entre les stresseurs psychosociaux académiques et la détresse psychologique. Méthode : Cette étude s’appuyait sur un devis corrélationnel transversal. Les données ont été collectées au moyen d’un questionnaire en ligne auto-administré auprès de 230 étudiant·es du domaine infirmier. Des modèles de régression Poisson robustes ont permis d’évaluer si les stresseurs (demandes psychologiques élevées, latitude décisionnelle faible, soutien social faible, reconnaissance faible, surinvestissement) accroissent la prévalence de la détresse psychologique (Kessler-6, où un résultat ≥7/24 correspond à une détresse psychologique élevée ou très élevée). Résultats : La détresse psychologique touchait 77% des étudiant·es. L’exposition était plus importante pour les demandes psychologiques élevées (75,65%) et le surinvestissement (53,91%). Après ajustement, seul le surinvestissement augmentait la prévalence de la détresse psychologique (RP : 1,91; IC95% 1,05-3,47). Discussion et conclusion : Les résultats s’alignent à ceux de recherches précédentes. Le surinvestissement est une caractéristique personnelle, mais il est possible qu’il soit encouragé par une surcharge de travail. Les résultats suggèrent que le surinvestissement ait un impact néfaste sur la santé mentale étudiante

Psychosocial work factors and social inequalities in psychological distress: a population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Mental health problems (MHP) are the leading cause of disability worldwide. The inverse association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and MHP has been well documented. There is prospective evidence that factors from the work environment, including adverse psychosocial work factors, could contribute to the development of MHP including psychological distress. However, the contribution of psychosocial work factors to social inequalities in MHP remains unclear. This study evaluates the contribution of psychosocial work factors from two highly supported models, the Demand-Control-Support (DCS) and the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) models to SEP inequalities of psychological distress in men and women from a population-based sample of Quebec workers. METHODS: Data were collected during a survey on working conditions, health and safety at work. SEP was evaluated using education, occupation and household income. Psychosocial work factors and psychological distress were assessed using validated instruments. Mean differences (MD) in the score of psychological distress were estimated separately for men and women. RESULTS: Low education level and low household income were associated with psychological distress among men (MD, 0.56 (95% CI 0.06; 1.05) and 1.26 (95% CI 0.79; 1.73) respectively). In men, the contribution of psychosocial work factors from the DCS and the ERI models to the association between household income and psychological distress ranged from 9% to 24%. No clear inequalities were observed among women. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that psychosocial work factors from the DCS and the ERI models contribute to explain a part of social inequalities in psychological distress among men. Psychosocial factors at work are frequent and modifiable. The present study supports the relevance of targeting these factors for the primary prevention of MHP and for health policies aiming to reduce social inequalities in mental health

Ancient Human Parasites in Ethnic Chinese Populations

Whilst archaeological evidence for many aspects of life in ancient China is well studied, there has been much less interest in ancient infectious diseases, such as intestinal parasites in past Chinese populations. Here, we bring together evidence from mummies, ancient latrines, and pelvic soil from burials, dating from the Neolithic Period to the Qing Dynasty, in order to better understand the health of the past inhabitants of China and the diseases endemic in the region. Seven species of intestinal parasite have been identified, namely roundworm, whipworm, Chinese liver fluke, oriental schistosome, pinworm, Taenia sp. tapeworm, and the intestinal fluke Fasciolopsis buski. It was found that in the past, roundworm, whipworm, and Chinese liver fluke appear to have been much more common than the other species. While roundworm and whipworm remained common into the late 20th century, Chinese liver fluke seems to have undergone a marked decline in its prevalence over time. The iconic transport route known as the Silk Road has been shown to have acted as a vector for the transmission of ancient diseases, highlighted by the discovery of Chinese liver fluke in a 2,000 year-old relay station in northwest China, 1,500 km outside its endemic range

Interaction between genetic and epigenetic variation defines gene expression patterns at the asthma-associated locus 17q12-q21 in lymphoblastoid cell lines

Phenotypic variation results from variation in gene expression, which is modulated by genetic and/or epigenetic factors. To understand the molecular basis of human disease, interaction between genetic and epigenetic factors needs to be taken into account. The asthma-associated region 17q12-q21 harbors three genes, the zona pellucida binding protein 2 (ZPBP2), gasdermin B (GSDMB) and ORM1-like 3 (ORMDL3), that show allele-specific differences in expression levels in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and CD4+ T cells. Here, we report a molecular dissection of allele-specific transcriptional regulation of the genes within the chromosomal region 17q12-q21 combining in vitro transfection, formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements, chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA methylation assays in LCLs. We found that a single nucleotide polymorphism rs4795397 influences the activity of ZPBP2 promoter in vitro in an allele-dependent fashion, and also leads to nucleosome repositioning on the asthma-associated allele. However, variable methylation of exon 1 of ZPBP2 masks the strong genetic effect on ZPBP2 promoter activity in LCLs. In contrast, the ORMDL3 promoter is fully unmethylated, which allows detection of genetic effects on its transcription. We conclude that the cis-regulatory effects on 17q12-q21 gene expression result from interaction between several regulatory polymorphisms and epigenetic factors within the cis-regulatory haplotype region

Measurement of the Bottom-Strange Meson Mixing Phase in the Full CDF Data Set

We report a measurement of the bottom-strange meson mixing phase \beta_s using the time evolution of B0_s -> J/\psi (->\mu+\mu-) \phi (-> K+ K-) decays in which the quark-flavor content of the bottom-strange meson is identified at production. This measurement uses the full data set of proton-antiproton collisions at sqrt(s)= 1.96 TeV collected by the Collider Detector experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron, corresponding to 9.6 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. We report confidence regions in the two-dimensional space of \beta_s and the B0_s decay-width difference \Delta\Gamma_s, and measure \beta_s in [-\pi/2, -1.51] U [-0.06, 0.30] U [1.26, \pi/2] at the 68% confidence level, in agreement with the standard model expectation. Assuming the standard model value of \beta_s, we also determine \Delta\Gamma_s = 0.068 +- 0.026 (stat) +- 0.009 (syst) ps-1 and the mean B0_s lifetime, \tau_s = 1.528 +- 0.019 (stat) +- 0.009 (syst) ps, which are consistent and competitive with determinations by other experiments.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett 109, 171802 (2012

Bibliotechnique : techniques de la documentation ?

Le recul du temps permet maintenant de juger le programme 390.00 Bibliotechnique et de le remplacer par celui de Techniques de la documentation. Après l’historique du programme de bibliotechnique et du rapport Reichen, l’auteur présente le nouveau programme et souligne ses points forts (l’élargissement de son optique, l’accentuation de l’aspect technique) et ses points faibles (la diminution des stages et la quasi-disparition des cours complémentaires). Ce programme entrera en vigueur à la session d’automne de 1975.Previous research now allows us to judge and replace the library technicians program 390.00 with one on the techniques of documentation. After some research on the library technicians program and the Reicher report, the author presents the new program and underlines its strong points (expanding its viewpoint and accentuating the technical aspect) and its weak points (the decrease in field training and the near disappearance of complementary courses). This program will come into effect in the 1975 fall session.Teniendo en consideración el tiempo pasado, ya se puede juzgar el programa 390.00 de bibliotécnica y reemplazarlo por el de técnicas de la documentación. Después de haber expuesto el programa de bibliotécnica y el informe Reicher, el autor presenta el nuevo programa y subraya los puntos fuertes (ampliación de su perspectiva, acentuación del aspecto técnico) y sus puntos débiles (disminución de las pasantías y desaparición casi total de los cursos complementarios). Este programa entrará en vigor en la sesión de otoño de 1975

Identification of functional DNA variants in the constitutive promoter region of <it>MDM2</it>

Abstract Although mutations in the oncoprotein murine double minute 2 (MDM2) are rare, MDM2 gene overexpression has been observed in several human tumors. Given that even modest changes in MDM2 levels might influence the p53 tumor suppressor signaling pathway, we postulated that sequence variation in the promoter region of MDM2 could lead to disregulated expression and variation in gene dosage. Two promoters have been reported for MDM2; an internal promoter (P2), which is located near the end of intron 1 and is p53-responsive, and an upstream constitutive promoter (P1), which is p53-independent. Both promoter regions contain DNA variants that could influence the expression levels of MDM2, including the well-studied single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) SNP309, which is located in the promoter P2; i.e., upstream of exon 2. In this report, we screened the promoter P1 for DNA variants and assessed the functional impact of the corresponding SNPs. Using the dbSNP database and genotyping validation in individuals of European descent, we identified three common SNPs (−1494 G > A; indel 40 bp; and −182 C > G). Three major promoter haplotypes were inferred by using these three promoter SNPs together with rs2279744 (SNP309). Following subcloning into a gene reporter system, we found that two of the haplotypes significantly influenced MDM2 promoter activity in a haplotype-specific manner. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments indicated that the 40 bp insertion/deletion variation is causing the observed allelic promoter activity. This study suggests that part of the variability in the MDM2 expression levels could be explained by allelic p53-independent P1 promoter activity.</p

Functional Analysis of Promoter Variants in Genes Involved in Sex Steroid Action, DNA Repair and Cell Cycle Control

Genetic variants affecting the regulation of gene expression are among the main causes of human diversity. The potential importance of regulatory polymorphisms is underscored by results from Genome Wide Association Studies, which have already implicated such polymorphisms in the susceptibility to complex diseases such as breast cancer. In this study, we re-sequenced the promoter regions of 24 genes involved in pathways related to breast cancer including sex steroid action, DNA repair, and cell cycle control in 60 unrelated Caucasian individuals. We constructed haplotypes and assessed the functional impact of promoter variants using gene reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. We identified putative functional variants within the promoter regions of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), ESR2, forkhead box A1 (FOXA1), ubiquitin interaction motif containing 1 (UIMC1) and cell division cycle 7 (CDC7). The functional polymorphism on CDC7, rs13447455, influences CDC7 transcriptional activity in an allele-specific manner and alters DNA&ndash;protein complex formation in breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, results from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium show a marginal association between rs13447455 and breast cancer risk (p=9.3x10-5), thus warranting further investigation. Furthermore, our study has helped provide methodological solutions to some technical difficulties that were encountered with gene reporter assays, particularly regarding inter-clone variability and statistical consistency