Nonword repetition depends on the frequency of sublexical representations at different grain sizes: evidence from a multi-factorial analysis

The nonword repetition task (NWR) has been widely used in basic cognitive and clinical research, as well as in clinical assessment, and has been proposed as a clinical marker for Specific Language Impairment (SLI). Yet the mechanisms underlying performance on this task are not clear. This study offers insights into these mechanisms through a comprehensive examination of item-related variables identified in previous research as possibly contributing to NWR scores and through testing the predictive power of each in relation to the others. A unique feature of the study is that all factors are considered simultaneously. Fifty-seven typically developing children were tested with a NWR task containing 150 nonwords differing in length, phonotactic probability, lexical neighbourhood and phonological complexity. The results indicate that phonological processing of novel words draws on sublexical representations at all grain sizes and that these representations are phonological, unstructured and insensitive to morphemehood. We propose a novel index – mean ngram frequency of all phonemes – that best captures the extent to which a nonword draws on sublexical representations. The study demonstrates the primacy of sublexical representations in NWR performance with implications for the nature of the deficit in SLI

Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits inflammasome-mediated inflammation and has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673). In this assessment of DMF performed at 27 UK hospitals, adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enroled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients received corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.47; p = 0.40). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome

Dimethyl fumarate in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) inhibits inflammasome-mediated inflammation and has been proposed as a treatment for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. This randomised, controlled, open-label platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]), is assessing multiple treatments in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 (NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673). In this assessment of DMF performed at 27 UK hospitals, adults were randomly allocated (1:1) to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus DMF. The primary outcome was clinical status on day 5 measured on a seven-point ordinal scale. Secondary outcomes were time to sustained improvement in clinical status, time to discharge, day 5 peripheral blood oxygenation, day 5 C-reactive protein, and improvement in day 10 clinical status. Between 2 March 2021 and 18 November 2021, 713 patients were enroled in the DMF evaluation, of whom 356 were randomly allocated to receive usual care plus DMF, and 357 to usual care alone. 95% of patients received corticosteroids as part of routine care. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of DMF on clinical status at day 5 (common odds ratio of unfavourable outcome 1.12; 95% CI 0.86-1.47; p = 0.40). There was no significant effect of DMF on any secondary outcome

Working out of conditions for manufacturing of enamel to decorate slats and tiles of glass panel

W artykule omówiono badania i sposób wytwarzania emalii do dekorowania płytek i listew z tafli szklanej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem syntezy bezołowiowej bazy topnikowej. Określone zostały warunki syntezy oraz parametry fizykochemiczne produktu finalnego wraz z metodami ich oznaczania.Tests and way of enamel manufacturing for decoration of tiles and slats of glass panels, with particular regarding synthesis of leadless flux basis were discussed. Conditions of the synthesis and physical and chemical parameters of the final product with their determination methods were defined

Pumping characteristics of the modified HE-3X agitator

Przedstawiono wyniki badań doświadczalnych dla zmodyfikowanego mieszadła HE-3X i HE-3. Badania przeprowadzono dla wody destylowanej i roztworów poliakryloamidu Rokrysol WF1 oraz ciała stałego w postaci granulatów polietylenu i polipropylenu. Wykazano wpływ wprowadzonych modyfikacji w konstrukcji mieszadła na minimalne częstości obrotów mieszadła potrzebne do wytworzenia zawiesiny kompletnej oraz nakłady energetyczne dla badanych mieszadeł w zakresie wartości liczby Reynoldsa 60000-M 30000.The results of experimental studies on the modified agitators HE-3X and HE-3 are presented. The research was conducted using distilled water, solution of polyacrylamide Rokrysol WF1 and solid granules of polyethylene and polypropylene. An influence of introduced modifications in the mixer construction on the minimum rotational frequency of agitator needed to form a slurry and on the mixing power of tested mixers were assessed in a range of Reynolds number varied between 60 000 and 130 000

Thigh-length compression stockings and DVT after stroke

Controversy exists as to whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with invasive bladder cancer, despite randomised controlled trials of more than 3000 patients. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of such treatment on survival in patients with this disease