In vitro regeneration from different ages of petioles of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.)

Jatropha curcas L. is an important non-edible oil yielding plant growing in wasteland and dry lands. The experiment was conducted to study the plant regeneration of J. curcas from different ages of petioles. Petioles explant grown on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid and 0.2 mg/l kinetin showed the highest frequency of callus induction and the same medium was found to be best suited for callus growth in 1st petiole. Percent of somatic embryo formation was higher (35.16%) from the 1st petiole explant on 0.5 mg/l thidiazuron with 0.4 mg/l gibberellic acid. MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l N6-benzylaminopurine, 0.5 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid, 0.25 mg/l kinetin recorded the higher somatic embryo germination percentage (66.85%). MS basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l thidiazuron, 0.1 mg/l N6-benzylaminopurine, 0.4 mg/l gibberellic acid was found to be best medium for shoot elongation. Among the auxins tested, the higher frequency of root formation was observed in MS medium supplemented with 0.3 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid compared to indole-3-butyric acid and indole-3-acetic acid. The survival rate of in vitro rooted plantlets was dependent on the type of explant source and it varies from 47 to 60%.Keywords: Euphorbiaceae, petiole, callus, indirect organogenesis, biodiesel, plant growth regulatorAfrican Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 13(2), pp. 265-273, 8 January, 201

Scattered simultaneous and autonomous access to scrambled cloud databases

Cloud data environments square measure unpleasantly tempting for the preparing of tremendous scale applications owing to their amazingly ascendible and offered foundation. Data as a Service (DBaaS) model is utilized to oversee databases in cloud setting. Secure DBaaS standard gives data classification to distributed storage. Secure DBaaS is expected to allow various and independent buyers to append to the cloud while not middle server. Documents, data structures and data square measure encoded before exchange to the cloud. Different cryptography methods square measure won't to change over plain content into scrambled data. Table names and their section names likewise are scrambled inside of the cloud data wellbeing subject. The framework underpins topographically conveyed buyers to append on to A scrambled cloud data. Amid this paper we tend to quadrangular measure proposing new plan that coordinate distributed storage administration with data protection and have a component of flogging co-happening operations on scrambled data and together with the topographically dispersed buyers to connect on to these cloud data that is encoded and that they conjointly given to execute their operations over the cloud data. This configuration disposes of the dealers (Intermediate intermediaries) it constrains the quantifiability, flexibility, availability. High touchy data square measure encoded by RSA cryptography and standard data square measure scrambled abuse AES method so overhead on the system will be decrease

Molecular detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples in a hospital-based study

Objective: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a deadly infectious disease. India contributes to one-third of the global TB burden. However, no studies have been carried out in the Telangana (Hyderabad) population using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Therefore, the current study evaluated the role of RT-PCR as a rapid and non-invasive test to diagnose TB by testing for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Materials and methods: This hospital-based study examined 1670 samples (900 EPTB; 770 PTB) comprising tissue (n = 537), peritoneal fluid (n = 420), sputum (n = 166), bronchial fluid (n = 126), cerebrospinal fluid (n = 145), ascetic fluid (n = 76), sputum pus (n = 78), urine (n = 79), and bronchoalveolar fluid (n = 43) samples. DNA from samples was separated using specific isolation kits and subjected to RT-PCR. Results: In this study, we enrolled 1670 subjects and categorized 54.4% as females and 45.6% as males. The collected samples were categorized as 48.5% of fluid samples, followed by tissue (32.2%), sputum (9.9%), urine (4.7%), and pus-swab (4.6%). RT-PCR analysis revealed that 4.7% patients were positive for Mtb. Our results revealed that 61% of the affected patients were male and 39% were female. Among the specimen types, tissue samples gave the highest proportion of positive results (36.3%). Conclusion: The results showed that RT-PCR should be implemented and given top priority in TB diagnosis to save time and facilitate a definitive diagnosis. Tissue samples are highly recommended to screen the Mtb through the technique RT-PCR. Future studies should extend the technique to the global population and exome sequencing analysis should be performed to identify TB risk markers

Role of nano-capacitor on dielectric constant enhancement in PEO:NH4SCN:xCeO2 polymer nano-composites: Electrical and electrochemical properties

Solution casting technique has been successfully employed to prepare nano-composite films. Various weight ratios of cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticle were added to a PEO:NH4SCN:xCeO2 polymer matrix to enhance the ionic conductivity at ambient temperature. The electrical and electrochemical properties of the composite electrolyte systems have been investigated using impedance, dielectric properties (ɛ*, tanδ, and M*), transfer number measurement (TNM), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The highest ionic conductivity of ∼8.57 × 10−4 S/cm is obtained for the system incorporated with 3 wt.% of CeO2 filler. This study presented a new approach and the complex permittivity confirmed that the real part value of dielectric constant (ɛ′) for all samples has found to be much higher than the imaginary part (ɛ″) value. The appearance of the peaks at a characteristic frequency in the loss tangent indicates the existence of relaxation. Low dielectric modulus is observed for 3 wt.% of CeO2 incorporated. The TNM measurements confirmed the ionic conductivity of NCSPEs and ion transport tion of films have been found to be 0.84, 0.96 and 0.92 for 1 wt.%, 3 wt.%, and 5 wt.% of CeO2, respectively. The system incorporated with 3 wt.% of CeO2 has discovered to be electrochemically stable up to 1.4 V. From the CV analysis it is noticeable that the energy storage mechanism of the EDLC is a combination of double-layer capacitance and pseudo capacitance. A value of 88.9 F/g is achieved at 20 mV/s

Food, Nutrition and Agrobiodiversity Under Global Climate Change

Available evidence and predictions suggest overall negative effects on agricultural production as a result of climate change, especially when more food is required by a growing population. Information on the effects of global warming on pests and pathogens affecting agricultural crops is limited, though crop–pest models could offer means to predict changes in pest dynamics, and help design sound plant health management practices. Host-plant resistance should continue to receive high priority as global warming may favor emergence of new pest epidemics. There is increased risk, due to climate change, to food and feed contaminated by mycotoxin-producing fungi. Mycotoxin biosynthesis gene-specific microarray is being used to identify food-born fungi and associated mycotoxins, and investigate the influence of environmental parameters and their interactions for control of mycotoxin in food crops. Some crop wild relatives are threatened plant species and efforts should be made for their in situ conservation to ensure evolution of new variants, which may contribute to addressing new challenges to agricultural production. There should be more emphasis on germplasm enhancement to develop intermediate products with specific characteristics to support plant breeding. Abiotic stress response is routinely dissected to component physiological traits. Use of transgene(s) has led to the development of transgenic events, which could provide enhanced adaptation to abiotic stresses that are exacerbated by climate change. Global warming is also associated with declining nutritional quality of food crops. Micronutrient-dense cultivars have been released in selected areas of the developing world, while various nutritionally enhanced lines are in the release pipeline. The high-throughput phenomic platforms are allowing researchers to accurately measure plant growth and development, analyze nutritional traits, and assess response to stresses on large sets of individuals. Analogs for tomorrow’s agriculture offer a virtual natural laboratory to innovate and test technological options to develop climate resilience production systems. Increased use of agrobiodiversity is crucial to coping with adverse impacts of global warming on food and feed production and quality. No one solution will suffice to adapt to climate change and its variability. Suits of technological innovations, including climate-resilient crop cultivars, will be needed to feed 9 billion people who will be living in the Earth by the middle of the twenty-first century

Expression of α-smooth muscle actin in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors: An immunohistochemical study

Background and Objectives: Myoepithelial cells (ME) are known to contribute in the patterning of salivary gland neoplasms (SGN) and possess cytoplasmic smooth muscle actin (SMA) revealed by alpha SMA (α-SMA). The present study aimed to assess the expression of α-SMA in selected benign and malignant SGN (pleomorphic adenoma [PA], mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), and polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA). Materials and Methods: The intensity and pattern of expression of α-SMA were studied in 25 cases of SGN's ACC (n = 7), MEC (n = 8), PA (n = 8), and PLGA (n = 2), and correlated with the histological patterns. Results: Maximum expression of α-SMA in the epithelial compartment was seen in ACC, followed by PA, whereas MEC and PLGA showed completely negative staining. The connective tissue expression was mild in ACC and MEC. The myxoid stroma of PA with “melting” pattern was weakly positive for α-SMA. The stroma in PLGA showed complete negativity. In ACC, α-SMA-positive cells were lining the cribriform spaces, small islands, and dispersed within large islands. Small nests showed complete positivity for α-SMA. Interpretation and Conclusion: In ACC, α-SMA expression supports the involvement of ME in epithelial organization explaining the histological patterns seen. In PA, the expression correlates with the predominantly secretory nature of ME. The absence of epithelial positivity in MEC and PLGA suggest that ME has less role to play in their histogenesis. The weak stromal positivity observed in MEC and ACC may be attributed to the positive immunoreactivity of myofibroblasts playing a role in modulating the course of SGN's

Primary spinal epidural lymphomas

An epidural location for lymphoma is observed in 0.1–6.5% of all the lymphomas. Primary spinal epidural lymphoma (PSEL) is a subset of lymphomas, where there are no other recognizable sites of lymphomas at the time of diagnosis. The incidence of this subset of lymphomas is much less. It, however, is increasingly diagnosed, due to the increased use of more sensitive imaging modalities. For the electronic search, Pubmed was used to identify journals that enlisted and enumerated PSEL from 1961 to January 2011. The following combination of terms: “primary,” “spinal,” “epidural,” and “lymphoma” were used. The most significant articles and their bibliographies were analyzed by the authors. The symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnostic workup, histopathology, treatment, and outcome have been analyzed in a systematic manne

Personal identification and sex determination using cheiloscopy

Introduction: Identification of an individual is a prerequisite for certification of death and for personal, social, and legal reasons. The study of lip prints (cheiloscopy) was thought of as a method of identification of a person. It is safe to assume that cheiloscopy, in its present stage of development, has become a means of criminal identification dealing with lip prints. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the lip prints of different individuals in various parts of the lip, to find out the incidence of any particular pattern in relation to specific gender, to ascertain the authenticity of lip prints as a tool for identification of an individual and establish its evidentiary value. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 500 subjects, which included 250 males (4 twins) and 250 females, in the age group of 18-30 years. After application of lipstick evenly, the lip print of each subject was obtained on a simple bond paper. The lip prints of each individual were scanned using an image scanner set at a resolution of 600 dpi for better interpretation. Results: We had correctly matched the gender of 487 individuals out of 500 samples taken. We also found that no lip prints were similar among the 500 subjects and even in twins. Interpretation and Conclusion: Along with other traditional methods, cheiloscopy can also serve as a very important tool in the identification of a person based on the characteristic arrangement of lines and grooves appearing on the red portion of the lips. It can be used for sex determination and personal identification for forensic purposes