Los hábitos alimentarios de adolescentes de educación media superior y su relación con la satisfacción con la vida

Los hábitos alimentarios y la satisfacción con la vida en los estudiantes del Nivel Medio Superior, utilizando como instrumento la aplicación de cuestionarios del grupo de investigación Lisis. Este trabajo es para conocer los hábitos alimentarios de riesgo en los adolescentes en el Nivel Medio Superior de una preparatoria del Noreste; el objetivo general es determinar si existe relación entre los hábitos alimentarios y la satisfacción con la vida en estudiantes del nivel medio superior y los objetivos específicos son: Determinar si los alumnos de nivel medio superior presentan una conducta alimentaria de riesgo, determinar el nivel de satisfacción con la vida, y determinar si existe relación entre conductas alimentarias de riesgo, y satisfacción con la vida. El diseño es no experimental, descriptivo, correlacional. Participan alumnos de 3er semestre del nivel medio superior del turno matutino, hombres 218 y mujeres 215, de edad de 15-17 años, la muestra es de conveniencia de un total de 433.Los cuestionarios que se aplicaron son el de Conducta Alimentaria de Riesgo y Satisfacción con la Vida. Los resultados de conducta alimentaria marcan un leve riesgo en los estudiantes ya que la media es de un 27 % y sus dimensiones que son purga 28 % y las otras dos que son compensatoria y atracones son aproximadamente de un 50 %; en cierta forma si hay algunos estudiantes que se compensan o purgan para conservar un cuerpo delgado poniendo en riesgo su salud

Cuidados de enfermería para el abordaje del duelo perinatal según la teoría del duelo disfuncional [evidencia comentada]

RESUMEN Referencia del documento de práctica clínica basada en la evidencia: Tejero Vidal LL, Barea Millán, S. Plan de cuidados de enfermería para el abordaje del duelo perinatal según la teoría del duelo disfuncional. Caso clínico. Enferm Clinic. 2023; 33: 149-156 Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2022.12.00

Nursing students bringing first aid to the community

AimThis study aimed to evaluate the theoretical and practical skills acquired by nursing students and school students after the service-learning project.MethodsThis study promotes nursing students and school students working together to gain awareness and basic theoretical knowledge of first aid. The learning project was conducted with nursing students (n = 67) and school students (n = 131) from April to June 2022. The nursing students gave scores higher than 8 on the aspects linked to expectations, self-perception, overall assessment, and attainment of the goals, and these results are in line with the qualitative analysis.ResultsMoreover, 100% of the school students reported a satisfactory outcome about the service.ConclusionService-learning is a challenging and motivating methodology for nursing students, which results in greater engagement with theory and practice and the development of essential skills for future professionals

Caracterización de la microbiota intestinal en pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer prodrómica respecto a un grupo control en una cohorte de La Rioja: relación con la dieta

Trabajo presentado en la LXXV Reunión anual de la Sociedad Española de Neurología, celebrada en Valencia (España), del 31 de octubre al 4 de noviembre de 2023Objetivo: Caracterizar microbiota intestinal en pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer prodrómica (EA) y grupo control (C), su relación con adherencia a dieta Mind (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention Diet for Neurodegenerative Delay)) y factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Sujetos y metodología: 99 individuos, entre 52 y 78 años (49 controles, 50 EA). Se recogieron variables clínicas. Secuenciación del gen del ARNr 16S bacteriano (Illumina MiSeq, 2x300 pb). Análisis de alfa y beta diversidad y abundancia diferencial (plataforma QIIME2). Resultados: Grupo (C): mujeres (61,22%), edad media (64,86), nivel educativo (superiores 39%), HTA (26,53%), hipercolesterolemia (53,06%), DM (4,08%), MMSE (29,43 media), consumo de vino (69,39%), adherencia a Mind-Diet (46,9%). Grupo EA: mujeres (68%), edad media (70,02), nivel educativo (primarios 51%), HTA (44%), Hipercolesterolemia (52%), DM (20%), consumo de vino (45,1%), adherencia a Mind-Diet (24%), MMSE (26,66 media). Mayor proporción de DM y niveles de glucemia en EA (p=0,03 y p=0,02 respectivamente) y de HTA, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Menor adherencia a dieta Mind y menor consumo de vino (p=0,02 y p=0,01 respectivamente) en EA. Mayor alfa diversidad en controles (índices observed features y chao). Cuando casos y controles se clasificaron en función de adherencia a Mind, el análisis beta-diversidad por Bray-Curtis rozó significación (p=0,059) y el género Lachnospiraceae_FCS020 resultó en menor abundancia en EA con menor adherencia a la Mind. Conclusión: Los pacientes con EA presentan mayor incidencia de DM e HTA, menor consumo de vino, menor adherencia a dieta Mind y menor diversidad bacteriana. El género bacteriano Lachnospiraceae_FCS020 en EA y su asociación con dieta Mind necesita ser investigado

Estudio descriptivo del patrón de dieta y adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea en pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer prodrómica en La Rioja

Trabajo presentado en la Reunión Anual de la Sociedad de Neurología del País Vasco, celebrada en San Sebastián (España), los días 3 y 4 de marzo de 202

Resistance to antiangiogenic therapies by metabolic symbiosis in renal cell carcinoma PDX models and patients

Antiangiogenic drugs are used clinically for treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as a standard first-line treatment. Nevertheless, these agents primarily serve to stabilize disease, and resistance eventually develops concomitant with progression. Here, we implicate metabolic symbiosis between tumor cells distal and proximal to remaining vessels as a mechanism of resistance to antiangiogenic therapies in patient-derived RCC orthoxenograft (PDX) models and in clinical samples. This metabolic patterning is regulated by the mTOR pathway, and its inhibition effectively blocks metabolic symbiosis in PDX models. Clinically, patients treated with antiangiogenics consistently present with histologic signatures of metabolic symbiosis that are exacerbated in resistant tumors. Furthermore, the mTOR pathway is also associated in clinical samples, and its inhibition eliminates symbiotic patterning in patient samples. Overall, these data support a mechanism of resistance to antiangiogenics involving metabolic compartmentalization of tumor cells that can be inhibited by mTOR-targeted drugs

Heterogenous presence of neutrophil extracellular traps in human solid tumours is partially dependent on IL-8

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are webs of extracellular nuclear DNA extruded by dying neutrophils infiltrating tissue. NETs constitute a defence mechanism to entrap and kill fungi and bacteria. Tumours induce the formation of NETs to the advantage of the malignancy via a variety of mechanisms shown in mouse models. Here, we investigated the presence of NETs in a variety of human solid tumours and their association with IL-8 (CXCL8) protein expression and CD8+ T-cell density in the tumour microenvironment. Multiplex immunofluorescence panels were developed to identify NETs in human cancer tissues by co-staining with the granulocyte marker CD15, the neutrophil marker myeloperoxidase and citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit), as well as IL-8 protein and CD8+ T cells. Three ELISA methods to detect and quantify circulating NETs in serum were optimised and utilised. Whole tumour sections and tissue microarrays from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; n = 14), bladder cancer (n = 14), melanoma (n = 11), breast cancer (n = 31), colorectal cancer (n = 20) and mesothelioma (n = 61) were studied. Also, serum samples collected retrospectively from patients with metastatic melanoma (n = 12) and NSCLC (n = 34) were ELISA assayed to quantify circulating NETs and IL-8. NETs were detected in six different human cancer types with wide individual variation in terms of tissue density and distribution. At least in NSCLC, bladder cancer and metastatic melanoma, NET density positively correlated with IL-8 protein expression and inversely correlated with CD8+ T-cell densities. In a series of serum samples from melanoma and NSCLC patients, a positive correlation between circulating NETs and IL-8 was found. In conclusion, NETs are detectable in formalin-fixed human biopsy samples from solid tumours and in the circulation of cancer patients with a considerable degree of individual variation. NETs show a positive association with IL-8 and a trend towards a negative association with CD8+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health(4,5). However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.Peer reviewe