Principais pesquisas agropecuárias por amostragem probabilística no IBGE desde 1971: Histórico e perspectivas.

Este trabalho tem como objetivos o levantamento de todas as pesquisas agropecuárias por amostragem probabilística implantadas no IBGE, discutindo-se os sucessos e fracassos ocorridos, sobretudo quanto aos aspectos gerenciais, bem como projetar perspectivas futuras. A data início de referência deste trabalho é coincidente com a criação da CEPAGRO (Comissão Especial de Planejamento, Controle e Avaliação das Estatísticas Agropecuárias) em 1971, um marco histórico para as estatísticas agropecuárias no IBGE. Neste período, ocorreram 15 eventos (11 pesquisas e 4 tentativas) ligados a investigações por amostragem probabilística do setor agropecuário no IBGE, o que não é, em absoluto, algo desprezível. Sob esta ótica, foi possível constatar que a falta de recursos financeiros foi a causa mais freqüente (quatro vezes) para a interrupção definitiva de pesquisas. É possível inferir que somente com aportes expressivos de pessoal e financeiro será possível agregar, às diversas pesquisas agropecuárias do país, novas pesquisas com metodologia por amostragem probabilística.---------------------------------------------This paper intends to rescue all IBGE´s agricultural surveys based on probabilistic sampling, analyzing its successes and failures, specially concerned to the management aspects, as well as projecting future perspectives. The start of this study reference period is coincident with the creation of the CEPAGRO (Special Committee on Planning, Control and Evaluation of the Agricultural Statistics) at 1971, a historical landmark for the farming statisticians in the IBGE. Since then it has occurred 15 events (11 surveys and 4 attempts) on agricultural sampling in IBGE, that it is not something negligible at all. From this perspective, it was possible to evidence that the lack of financial resources was the most frequent cause (four times) for the interruption of the surveys. It allows to infer that only with an expressive staff and financial means it will be possible to add, to the diverse agriculture surveys of the country, new and improved surveys based on probabilistic sampling methodology.Amostragem probabilística, estatística, pesquisa agropecuária, IBGE, Probabilistic sampling, statistics, agricultural surveys, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,

Relatos que liberan: Mediaciones para la acción social y territorios de la experiencia creativa en contextos carcelarios.

Este registro cuenta con la portada, ficha catalográfica, tabla de contenido, autores, presentación, prologo, resumen, introducción y referencias.La escritura se fundamenta en el lenguaje y hace parte constitutiva de la formación humana. Esta, como método de acompañar la construcción de conocimiento, es también una forma de producción de sentido y generación de memoria, cotidianidad y oralidad. Las prácticas culturales terminan siendo una extensión propia del lenguaje escrito y viceversa, por ende, pensar la escritura como una práctica reflexiva, condicionada por la cotidianidad, conlleva a entender esta como una herramienta de liberación en la construcción social e individual. El trabajo con comunidades cobra sentido cuando estas contribuyen a la formación de su propio conocimiento y este es el caso del libro “Relatos que liberan: mediaciones para la acción social y territorios de la experiencia creativa en contextos carcelarios”, que toma como base epistemológica la construcción de crónicas realizadas como resultado de la labor pedagógica llevada a cabo por estudiantes y profesores del programa de Comunicación Social y Periodismo de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO, con el personal privado de la libertad (PPL) de la Cárcel y Penitenciaría de Mediana Seguridad de El Espinal, Tolima; exactamente con integrantes del pabellón 10 que conforman el grupo de condiciones excepcionales (indígenas, afrodescendientes, adultos mayores, extranjeros, LGTBIQ+ y discapacitados). El libro presenta las diferentes percepciones teóricas, conceptuales y metodológicas de los procesos de resocialización, realidad e historias de vida, entre otros, llevados a cabo en el centro carcelario; que se compilan a través de crónicas escritas por el personal privado de la libertad durante el ejercicio pedagógico; en el que, como resultado, se da este proceso escritural, concebido como medio liberador y de resignificación de la prisión y la libertad, que aporta a la cohesión social, al desarrollo y al cambio social y, sustantivamente, a la cultura de paz. De base, esta investigación trabajó una metodología cualitativa de corte etnometodológico, usando técnicas como las encuestas, los grupos focales y la cartografía social para la recolección de la información.Dentro de los principales resultados destacan la escritura como un medio liberador del pensamiento y canal de interacción con el otro y la literatura como estrategia de emancipación intersubjetiva. El diálogo y la comunicación fueron las llaves que permitieron a los investigadores el acceso a las historias del grupo base. El silencio y la escucha también contribuyeron con la materialización de esta experiencia

Relatos que liberan: Mediaciones para la acción social y territorios de la experiencia creativa en contextos carcelarios.

Este registro cuenta con la portada, ficha catalográfica, tabla de contenido, autores, presentación, prologo, resumen, introducción y referencias.La escritura se fundamenta en el lenguaje y hace parte constitutiva de la formación humana. Esta, como método de acompañar la construcción de conocimiento, es también una forma de producción de sentido y generación de memoria, cotidianidad y oralidad. Las prácticas culturales terminan siendo una extensión propia del lenguaje escrito y viceversa, por ende, pensar la escritura como una práctica reflexiva, condicionada por la cotidianidad, conlleva a entender esta como una herramienta de liberación en la construcción social e individual. El trabajo con comunidades cobra sentido cuando estas contribuyen a la formación de su propio conocimiento y este es el caso del libro “Relatos que liberan: mediaciones para la acción social y territorios de la experiencia creativa en contextos carcelarios”, que toma como base epistemológica la construcción de crónicas realizadas como resultado de la labor pedagógica llevada a cabo por estudiantes y profesores del programa de Comunicación Social y Periodismo de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO, con el personal privado de la libertad (PPL) de la Cárcel y Penitenciaría de Mediana Seguridad de El Espinal, Tolima; exactamente con integrantes del pabellón 10 que conforman el grupo de condiciones excepcionales (indígenas, afrodescendientes, adultos mayores, extranjeros, LGTBIQ+ y discapacitados). El libro presenta las diferentes percepciones teóricas, conceptuales y metodológicas de los procesos de resocialización, realidad e historias de vida, entre otros, llevados a cabo en el centro carcelario; que se compilan a través de crónicas escritas por el personal privado de la libertad durante el ejercicio pedagógico; en el que, como resultado, se da este proceso escritural, concebido como medio liberador y de resignificación de la prisión y la libertad, que aporta a la cohesión social, al desarrollo y al cambio social y, sustantivamente, a la cultura de paz. De base, esta investigación trabajó una metodología cualitativa de corte etnometodológico, usando técnicas como las encuestas, los grupos focales y la cartografía social para la recolección de la información.Dentro de los principales resultados destacan la escritura como un medio liberador del pensamiento y canal de interacción con el otro y la literatura como estrategia de emancipación intersubjetiva. El diálogo y la comunicación fueron las llaves que permitieron a los investigadores el acceso a las historias del grupo base. El silencio y la escucha también contribuyeron con la materialización de esta experiencia

Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores

Funder: Funder: Fundación bancaria ‘La Caixa’ Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: Grifols SA Number: LCF/PR/PR16/51110003 Funder: European Union/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Number: 115975 Funder: JPco-fuND FP-829-029 Number: 733051061Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer's disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer's disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer's disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer's disease

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Principais pesquisas agropecuárias por amostragem probabilística no IBGE desde 1971: Histórico e perspectivas.

Este trabalho tem como objetivos o levantamento de todas as pesquisas agropecuárias por amostragem probabilística implantadas no IBGE, discutindo-se os sucessos e fracassos ocorridos, sobretudo quanto aos aspectos gerenciais, bem como projetar perspectivas futuras. A data início de referência deste trabalho é coincidente com a criação da CEPAGRO (Comissão Especial de Planejamento, Controle e Avaliação das Estatísticas Agropecuárias) em 1971, um marco histórico para as estatísticas agropecuárias no IBGE. Neste período, ocorreram 15 eventos (11 pesquisas e 4 tentativas) ligados a investigações por amostragem probabilística do setor agropecuário no IBGE, o que não é, em absoluto, algo desprezível. Sob esta ótica, foi possível constatar que a falta de recursos financeiros foi a causa mais freqüente (quatro vezes) para a interrupção definitiva de pesquisas. É possível inferir que somente com aportes expressivos de pessoal e financeiro será possível agregar, às diversas pesquisas agropecuárias do país, novas pesquisas com metodologia por amostragem probabilística.---------------------------------------------This paper intends to rescue all IBGE´s agricultural surveys based on probabilistic sampling, analyzing its successes and failures, specially concerned to the management aspects, as well as projecting future perspectives. The start of this study reference period is coincident with the creation of the CEPAGRO (Special Committee on Planning, Control and Evaluation of the Agricultural Statistics) at 1971, a historical landmark for the farming statisticians in the IBGE. Since then it has occurred 15 events (11 surveys and 4 attempts) on agricultural sampling in IBGE, that it is not something negligible at all. From this perspective, it was possible to evidence that the lack of financial resources was the most frequent cause (four times) for the interruption of the surveys. It allows to infer that only with an expressive staff and financial means it will be possible to add, to the diverse agriculture surveys of the country, new and improved surveys based on probabilistic sampling methodology