Enhancing Access to Online Education: Quality Machine Translation of MOOC Content

Contains fulltext : 162505.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)The International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC) 2016, 23 mei 201

Evolutionarily stable conjectures and other regarding preferences in duopoly games

This paper was published by Springer as Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.We study the evolutionary selection of conjectures in duopoly games when players have other regarding preferences, i.e. preferences over payoff distributions. In both the Cournot and Bertrand duopoly games, the consistent conjectures are independent of other regarding preferences. Both duopoly games have evolutionarily stable conjectures that depend on other regarding preferences but that do not coincide with the consistent conjectures. For increasingly spiteful preferences, the evolutionarily stable conjectures implicate low quantities in the Cournot game and high prices in the Bertrand game, whereas the inverse relationships hold for the consistent conjectures. We discuss our findings in the context of ultimate and proximate causation

Spinal cord gray matter atrophy is associated with functional decline in post-polio syndrome

OBJECTIVE To determine if patients with Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS) show spinal cord gray matter (SCGM) atrophy and to assess associations between SCGM atrophy, muscle strength and patient-reported functional decline. METHODS Twenty patients diagnosed with PPS (March of Dimes Criteria) and twenty age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent 3T axial 2D-rAMIRA MR-imaging at the intervertebral disc levels C2/C3-C6/C7, T9/T10 and the lumbar enlargement level (T$_{max}$ ) (0.5x0.5mm$^{2}$ in-plane resolution). SCGM areas were segmented manually by two independent raters. Muscle strength, self-reported fatigue, depression, pain measures were assessed. RESULTS PPS patients showed significantly and preferentially reduced SCGM areas at C2/C3 (p = 0.048), C3/C4 (p=0.001), C4/C5 (p<0.001), C5/C6 (p=0.004) and T$_{max}$ (p=0.041) compared to HC. SCGM areas were significantly associated with muscle strength in corresponding myotomes even after adjustment for fatigue, pain, depression. SCGM area$_{Tmax}$ together with age and sex explained 68% of ankle dorsiflexion strength variance. No associations were found with age at or time since infection. Patients reporting PPS-related decline in arm function showed significant cervical SCGM atrophy compared to stable patients adjusted for initial disease severity. CONCLUSIONS Patients with PPS show significant SCGM atrophy that correlates with muscle strength and is associated with PPS-related functional decline. Our findings suggest a secondary neurodegenerative process underlying SCGM atrophy in PPS that is not explained by aging or residuals of the initial infection alone. Confirmation by longitudinal studies is needed. The described imaging methodology is promising for developing novel imaging surrogates for SCGM diseases. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03561623)