2,625 research outputs found

    Lipschitz spaces and M-ideals

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    For a metric space (K,d)(K,d) the Banach space \Lip(K) consists of all scalar-valued bounded Lipschitz functions on KK with the norm ∄f∄L=max⁥(∄f∄∞,L(f))\|f\|_{L}=\max(\|f\|_{\infty},L(f)), where L(f)L(f) is the Lipschitz constant of ff. The closed subspace \lip(K) of \Lip(K) contains all elements of \Lip(K) satisfying the \lip-condition lim⁥0<d(x,y)→0∣f(x)−f(y)∣/d(x,y)=0\lim_{0<d(x,y)\to 0}|f(x)-f(y)|/d(x,y)=0. For K=([0,1],âˆŁâ‹…âˆŁÎ±)K=([0,1],| {\cdot} |^{\alpha}), 0<α<10<\alpha<1, we prove that \lip(K) is a proper MM-ideal in a certain subspace of \Lip(K) containing a copy of ℓ∞\ell^{\infty}.Comment: Includes 4 figure

    Building a Document Genre Corpus: a Profile of the KRYS I Corpus

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    This paper describes the KRYS I corpus (http://www.krys-corpus.eu/Info.html), consisting of documents classified into 70 genre classes. It has been constructed as part of an effort to automate document genre classification as distinct from topic detection. Previously there has been very little work on building corpora of texts which have been classified using a non-topical genre palette. The reason for this is partly due to the fact that genre as a concept, is rooted in philosophy, rhetoric and literature, and highly complex and domain dependent in its interpretation ([11]). The usefulness of genre in everyday information search is only now starting to be recognised and there is no genre classification schema that has been consolidated to have applicable value in this direction. By presenting here our experiences in constructing the KRYS I corpus, we hope to shed light on the information gathering and seeking behaviour and the role of genre in these activities, as well as a way forward for creating a better corpus for testing automated genre classification tasks and the application of these tasks to other domains

    Effects of presenting forest simulation results on the forest values and attitudes of forestry professionals and other forest users in Central Labrador

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    This research tested whether demonstration of the long term effect of different forest management scenarios in a large forested area changes people's forest values and attitudes. Forestry professionals and other forest users in Central Labrador were shown simulation results of three alternative forest management scenarios illustrating possible long term effects on various indicators. Forest values and attitudes towards forestry were measured before and after the presentation. Our conception of values and attitudes is based on the cognitive hierarchy model of human behaviour which states that values are more enduring and more difficult to change than attitudes. It was thus hypothesized that attitudes would change but not values and that change in forestry professionals would be less than in other forest users since foresters are trained to think about long-term effects and large-scale processes of forest management scenarios. We also hypothesized that a greater number of people would have an opinion on forest management after the presentation. All three hypotheses were partially supported by the results. The results indicated that some attitude change occurred, but that values also changed somewhat. Most of the significant changes occurred when persons with no clear opinion on several forest-related questions formed an opinion. Long-term, landscape simulation results provide valuable information and enhance understanding of both forestry professionals and other forest users. However, being provided the same information, the two groups learned different things. While forest users gained more confidence in the current forest management plan and were motivated to further participate, professionals learned more specific things. This reflects differences between technical and local knowledge

    Building a document genre corpus: a profile of the KRYS I corpus

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    This paper describes the KRYS I corpus, consisting of documents classified into 70 genre classes. It has been constructed as part of an effort to automate document genre classification as distinct from topic detection. Previously there has been very little work on building corpora of texts which have been classified using a nontopical genre palette. The reason for this is partly due to the fact that genre as a concept, is rooted in philosophy, rhetoric and literature, and highly complex and domain dependent in its interpretation ([11]). The usefulness of genre in everyday information search is only now starting to be recognised and there is no genre classification schema that has been consolidated to have applicable value in this direction. By presenting here our experiences in constructing the KRYS I corpus, we hope to shed light on the information gathering and seeking behaviour and the role of genre in these activities, as well as a way forward for creating a better corpus for testing automated genre classification tasks and the application of these tasks to other domains.

    Unsaturated subsurface flow with surface water and nonlinear in- and outflow conditions

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    We analytically and numerically analyze groundwater flow in a homogeneous soil described by the Richards equation, coupled to surface water represented by a set of ordinary differential equations (ODE's) on parts of the domain boundary, and with nonlinear outflow conditions of Signorini's type. The coupling of the partial differential equation (PDE) and the ODE's is given by nonlinear Robin boundary conditions. This article provides two major new contributions regarding these infiltration conditions. First, an existence result for the continuous coupled problem is established with the help of a regularization technique. Second, we analyze and validate a solver-friendly discretization of the coupled problem based on an implicit-explicit time discretization and on finite elements in space. The discretized PDE leads to convex spatial minimization problems which can be solved efficiently by monotone multigrid. Numerical experiments are provided using the DUNE numerics framework.Comment: 34 pages, 5 figure

    On the links between employment, partnership quality, and the desire to have a first child

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    We examine the impact of precarious work (low income and job security satisfaction) on the intention to have a first child. We consider a direct and an indirect effect; the latter is mediated by partners’ conflict behaviour, conflict level, and partnership quality. We assume that a satisfactory partnership is positively associated with the intention to have a first child. The analyses are based on a subsample of the German Generations and Gender Survey. For men we found a direct effect of income and an indirect effect of job security satisfaction on childbearing intentions, whereas for women no direct and only a weak indirect impact of precarious work could be observed.employment, fertility, partnerships

    Perceptions locales de l'amĂ©nagement forestier durable dans trois rĂ©gions de la forĂȘt borĂ©ale

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    Depuis les annĂ©es 1990, l'Ă©tude de la perception du public sur les forĂȘts et l'amĂ©nagement forestier fait l'objet d'un intĂ©rĂȘt croissant qui se reflĂšte par une attention accrue sur l'amĂ©nagement durable des forĂȘts (ADF). Puisque l'ADF vise Ă  intĂ©grer les diverses valeurs Ă©cologiques, Ă©conomiques et sociales, l'acceptabilitĂ© sociale devient un prĂ©alable essentiel Ă  sa rĂ©alisation. Afin d'Ă©valuer l'acceptabilitĂ© sociale, il est important d'avoir des informations sur les perceptions locales et leur distribution entre les groupes. Jusqu'Ă  prĂ©sent, il n'existe pas de thĂ©orie ou de modĂšle conceptuel qui explique les interactions entre la forĂȘt, l'individu, incluant son milieu social et culturel, ainsi que la politique et l'amĂ©nagement forestier. Pour illustrer ces interactions, le concept de modĂšle culturel est introduit et utilisĂ© pour crĂ©er un modĂšle conceptuel fournissant un cadre thĂ©orique permettant les comparaisons entre les rĂ©gions. Ce modĂšle conceptuel facilite aussi le lien entre l'utilisation actuelle et historique des forĂȘts et les perceptions. Le cadre thĂ©orique explique aussi la qualitĂ© non-statique des modĂšles culturels sur les forĂȘts et dĂ©crit la façon dont ils sont changĂ©s ou renforcĂ©s par de nouvelles expĂ©riences forestiĂšres ou par le discours public. L'introduction d'informations additionnelles sur les forĂȘts et leur amĂ©nagement devrait ainsi influencer les modĂšles culturels des gens et leurs perceptions des forĂȘts. BasĂ©e sur le cadre thĂ©orique dĂ©crit au-dessus, cette dissertation a comme but de mieux comprendre l'effet des conditions locales et de l'introduction de nouvelles informations sur les perceptions reliĂ©es Ă  l'ADF. La question des conditions locales est approchĂ©e en Ă©tudiant les valeurs forestiĂšres, les attitudes par rapport Ă  l'amĂ©nagement forestier et les prĂ©fĂ©rences des groupes d'intĂ©rĂȘt provenant de trois rĂ©gions borĂ©ales concernant l'ADF. Les rĂ©gions Ă©tudiĂ©es diffĂšrent dans leur utilisation actuelle et historique des forĂȘts. L'effet de l'introduction de nouvelles informations est Ă©tudiĂ© en mesurant les valeurs forestiĂšres, les attitudes face Ă  l'amĂ©nagement forestier et les prĂ©fĂ©rences touchant l'ADF avant et aprĂšs la prĂ©sentation des rĂ©sultats de simulations illustrant les effets probables des scĂ©narios alternatifs Ă  long terme et Ă  grande Ă©chelle. Les rĂ©gions Ă©tudiĂ©es, le sud-est de la Finlande, le centre du QuĂ©bec et le centre du Labrador, accordent, respectivement, une grande, moyenne et basse importance Ă  la foresterie industrielle. L'importance de la foresterie industrielle est utilisĂ©e comme indice permettant de dĂ©crire le gradient de l'utilisation actuelle et historique dans les trois rĂ©gions. Les participants Ă  cette Ă©tude, 252 personnes au total, reprĂ©sentent des groupes environnementaux, des utilisateurs des produits forestiers non ligneux, des groupes autochtones, des propriĂ©taires de forĂȘts privĂ©es et des professionnels forestiers des trois rĂ©gions Ă©tudiĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats dĂ©montrent des variations dans la prioritĂ© accordĂ©e aux composantes environnementales et Ă©conomiques menant Ă  la durabilitĂ© ainsi qu'Ă  quelques attributs de l'ADF en fonction de l'importance de la foresterie industrielle. Le rĂ©sultat le plus intĂ©ressant montre que les diffĂ©rences entre les groupes s'accentuent pour plusieurs aspects lorsque l'importance de la foresterie industrielle augmente. Les tendances observĂ©es reflĂštent, entre autres, l'influence de l'utilisation actuelle et historique des forĂȘts sur les perceptions face Ă  l'amĂ©nagement durable des forĂȘts. Des diffĂ©rences ainsi que des similaritĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ©es entre les groupes d'intĂ©rĂȘt entre les rĂ©gions et au sein mĂȘme des rĂ©gions. Les diffĂ©rences les plus grandes entre les rĂ©gions se trouveraient dans les perceptions des professionnels forestiers. Par contre, les environnementalistes ont des perceptions relativement similaires dans les trois rĂ©gions. Les perceptions des groupes d'intĂ©rĂȘt devraient ĂȘtre influencĂ©es par les conditions locales, incluant l'utilisation caractĂ©ristique de la forĂȘt, ainsi que par des questions partagĂ©es par les groupes similaires des diffĂ©rentes rĂ©gions, comme l'agenda global des environnementalistes, l'Ă©ducation technique des professionnels forestiers ou l'expĂ©rience des chasseurs dans la forĂȘt. AprĂšs avoir montrĂ© aux participants les rĂ©sultats des simulations forestiĂšres Ă  long terme et Ă  grande Ă©chelle, nous observons aussi quelques changements significatifs au niveau des valeurs et des attitudes, mais aucun changement des prĂ©fĂ©rences. Le changement le plus commun est la formation des opinions. Les participants ont aussi signalĂ© qu'ils ont appris durant la prĂ©sentation. Autant les professionnels forestiers que les autres utilisateurs des forĂȘts ont fait des apprentissages, mais Ă  des niveaux diffĂ©rents. Cette observation reflĂšte des diffĂ©rences qualitatives entre les connaissances techniques et les connaissances locales. Le fait qu'il n'y a pas de changements significatifs des prĂ©fĂ©rences peut ĂȘtre expliquĂ© par le contexte de balancement des divers attributs sous-jacent aux expĂ©riences de choix. Il est aussi possible que les prĂ©fĂ©rences soient plus stables que les valeurs et les attitudes. Quelques groupes d'intĂ©rĂȘt Ă©tudiĂ©s ont signalĂ© qu'ils prĂ©fĂšrent le changement de rĂ©gime forestier. Des perceptions conflictuelles entre groupes ont aussi Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ©es spĂ©cialement dans la rĂ©gion de grande importance de la foresterie industrielle, le sud-est de la Finlande. Des opinions conflictuelles peuvent possiblement ĂȘtre rĂ©conciliĂ©es par l'utilisation d'approches innovatrices comme le commerce des valeurs de conservation ou l'approche de zonage TRIADE.\ud La prĂ©sentation des rĂ©sultats de simulations illustrant les effets des scĂ©narios alternatifs Ă  long terme et Ă  grande Ă©chelle est une maniĂšre efficace pour amĂ©liorer la comprĂ©hension entre les professionnels forestiers et les autres utilisateurs des forĂȘts. La communication rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©e des rĂ©sultats de simulations et l'opportunitĂ© de les commenter et de discuter durant le processus de modĂ©lisation amĂ©liore la qualitĂ© des modĂšles dĂ©veloppĂ©s ainsi que la profondeur de la comprĂ©hension des participants. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : AmĂ©nagement forestier durable, Aspects sociaux de la foresterie, Interactions nature-homme, ModĂšles culturels, Attitude, Valeur, PrĂ©fĂ©rence, Comparaison rĂ©gional, Mesure de changement, Changement de prĂ©fĂ©rence, Simulations forestiers

    Kant, Xunzi in izumetničenost pravil vedĂȘnja

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    Both Chinese and Western philosophers have argued for the ethical importance of manners. Their approaches are sometimes criticized on the grounds that manners are artificial. I compare Xunzi’s and Kant’s responses to this claim, and discuss the relevance of both positions for the development of a theory of manners. I show that there is no single artificiality claim, but rather four different claims: the claim that polite behavior lacks spontaneity, the claim that it is insincere, the claim that it goes against human nature, and the claim that it is arbitrary. While Kant is mainly concerned with the insincerity claim, Xunzi focusses on the claim that manners are arbitrary rules. Because of their different understandings of the function of manners both authors only provide a partial answer to the artificiality claim. To arrive at a full account of manners both perspectives must be combined.Tako kitajski kot zahodni filozofi so poudarjali etični pomen pravil vedĂȘnja, četudi so jih pogosto kritizirali zaradi njihove umetne narave. Avtorica primerja Xunzijevo in Kantovo staliơče o tem problemu in ovrednoti pomen obeh pozicij za razvoj teorije vedĂȘnja. PokaĆŸe, da staliơče o izumetničenosti vedenjskih pravil ni samo eno, temveč gre za ĆĄtiri različna staliơča: pomanjkanje spontanosti, neiskrenost, nasprotje s človeĆĄko naravo ter arbitrarnost. Medtem ko se Kant v glavnem ukvarja s predpostavko neiskrenosti, se Xunzi bolj osredotoča na problematiko arbitrarnosti vedenjskih pravil. Zaradi različnega razumevanja funkcije pravil vedĂȘnja vsak od njiju izdela samo delne reĆĄitve problema izumetničenosti. Če pa ĆŸelimo izdelati celovitejĆĄo teorijo vedĂȘnja, je treba kombinirati obe perspektivi

    Cascading reaction of arginase and urease on a graphene-based FET for ultrasensitive, real-time detection of arginine

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    Herein, a biosensor based on a reduced graphene oxide field effect transistor (rGO-FET) functionalized with the cascading enzymes arginase and urease was developed for the detection of L-arginine. Arginase and urease were immobilized on the rGO-FET sensing surface via electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly using polyethylenimine (PEI) as cationic building block. The signal transduction mechanism is based on the ability of the cascading enzymes to selectively perform chemical transformations and prompt local pH changes, that are sensitively detected by the rGO-FET. In the presence of L-arginine, the transistors modified with (PEI/urease(arginase)) multilayers showed a shift in the Dirac point due to the change in the local pH close to the graphene surface, produced by the catalyzed urea hydrolysis. The transistors were able to monitor L-arginine in the 10–1000 ÎŒM linear range with a LOD of 10 ÎŒM, displaying a fast response and a good long-term stability. The sensor showed stereospecificity and high selectivity in the presence of non-target amino acids. Taking into account the label-free, real-time measurement capabilities and the easily quantifiable, electronic output signal, this biosensor offers advantages over state-of-the-art L-arginine detection methods.Fil: Berninger, Teresa. Austrian Institute Of Technology; AustriaFil: Bliem, Christina. Austrian Institute Of Technology; AustriaFil: Piccinini, Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones FisicoquĂ­micas TeĂłricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones FisicoquĂ­micas TeĂłricas y Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Azzaroni, Omar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones FisicoquĂ­micas TeĂłricas y Aplicadas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Investigaciones FisicoquĂ­micas TeĂłricas y Aplicadas; ArgentinaFil: Knoll, Wolfgang. Austrian Institute Of Technology; Austri
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