Differential host utilisation by different life history stages of the fish ectoparasite Argulus foliaceus (Crustacea: Branchiura)

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Determination of lipid composition of cherimoya (Annona cherimola) cultivars grown in Andalusian region.

Background and objectives: Cherimoya is a tropical fruit. Nowadays, cherimoya is consumed as fresh fruit, although its industrial use is being currently evaluated. Recently, the number of studies related to economic exploitation of seeds and other by-products proceeding from new oleaginous vegetable sources has increased. Therefore, the aim of this work was the characterization of lipidic fraction of the edible portion of the cherimoya and their by-products. Methods: Pulp, seed and skin of two different varieties of cherimoya were crushed, liophilizated, and lipids were extracted with the Folch procedure. Several chromatographic techniques were used to determine fatty acid, tocopherol, sterol and phospholipid composition. Results: Different fatty acid compounds were identified in pulp, seed and skin. The major fatty acids were palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid. Appreciable differences were detected in pulp, skin and seed fatty acid composition; seed reported as principal fatty acids oleic, linoleic n6 and palmitic acid, respectively. Skin and pulp contained higher content of linoleic n3 fatty acid. alpha-tocoferol and delta-tocoferol were identified only in seeds; moreover alpha-tocoferol was also detected in skin. No tocopherols were quantified in pulp. Three different phospholipid, as phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, were identify. Total phospholipid content varied between 8.2 and 184 mg/g of fat. As expected the major content was found in pulpa and skin. Finally, sterols were determined in all samples. Beta-sitosterol was the first sterol in all samples. Surprisingly, gamma-sitosterol was detected only in pulp and skin of Fino de Jete cultivar. Conclusions: The results obtained confirmed that the lipid distribution depends on the cultivar and, in the same cultivar, it varied in the different zones of the fruit. These preliminary results suggested that gamma-sitosterol can be used as marker of Fino de Jete cultivar. However further investigations are needed

Identification of flavonoids by HPLC-ESI-microTOF in buckwheat flour

Buckwheat is a pseudocereal belonging to the Polygonaceae family, with a high content of health-promoting phytochemicals. The flavonoids were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS analysis. Twenty six phenolic compounds including C-glycosylflavones (orientin, isoorientin vitexin), rutin and quercetin and derivatives of catechin and afzelchin were tentatively identifie

Effect of thermal processing (from farm to fork) on free and bound phenolic compounds in gluten free buckwheat spaghetti

At the present there is considerable interest in the consumption of alternative crops as potential recipes for gluten-free products production. Celiac disease is one of the most common lifelong disorders worldwide with as estimated mean prevalence of 1% of the general population. For instance, staple foods in many areas of the world such as bread, bakery products and pasta, contain gluten and should, therefore, be avoided in the diet. At present there is a considerable interest in the consumption of alternative crops as potential recipes for gluten-free products production Therefore, the use of buckwheat for the production of gluten-free pasta has been investigated in the present study. In order to carry out the study, RP-HPLC-ESI-microTOF-MS has been applied for the separation and the characterization of free and bound phenolic compounds in buckwheat flour, dried spaghetti, cooked dried spaghetti and in cooking water. Thus, thirty free and twenty-four bound phenolic compounds in buckwheat flour and spaghetti were characterized and quantified. As far we know, 2-hydroxy-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosil-benzoic acid, 1-O-caffeoyl-6-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-β-glycopyranoside and epicatechin-3-(3\u2019\u2019-O-methyl) gallate in free form and, protochatecuic-4-O-glucoside acid and procyanidin A in bound form were detected in buckwheat for the first time. The sensitivity, mass accuracy and true isotopic pattern of the TOF-MS, legitimated the identification of phenolic compounds present in buckwheat extract. The results demonstrated a decreasing of total free phenolic compounds from farm to fork was about 75 %. The bound phenols decrease was 81 %. The spaghetti making process and the cooking caused the loss of 46 % and 49 % of total phenolic compounds respectively. The 12 % of total phenolic compounds present in dried spaghetti were dissolved in water after cooking

Identification of buckwheat phenolic compounds by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography\u2013electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC \u2013 ESI-TOF-MS).

This study describes the characterization of phenolic compounds in buckwheat. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) has been applied to separate and characterize thirty phenolic compounds in buckwheat flour. As far as we know, 2-hydroxy-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosil-benzoic acid, 1-O-caffeoyl-6-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-β-glycopyranoside and epicatechin-3-(3″-O-methyl) gallate were tentatively identified in buckwheat for the first time. The sensitivity, mass accuracy and true isotopic pattern of the TOF-MS, legitimated the identification of phenolic compounds present in buckwheat extract. Furthermore, other \u201cunknown\u201d compounds were also reported in the ethanolic extracts of buckwheat

Assessment of phenolic compounds and their metabolites in biological samples: comparison of different extraction procedures and identification by HPLC/nanoLC-ESI-TOF (MS)

Over last decade an increasing interest for antioxidants in foods has arisen. The healthy properties of antioxidants related to the prevention of degenerative diseases are the main cause of this boom. An antioxidant prevents the oxidation process, the initial step of development of degenerative diseases, cancer and many others. The study of the bioavailability of some antioxidant compounds, such as phenolic compounds, and the concentration of its metabolites in biological samples is necessary to understand its effects on health. It is important to know which metabolites are present, since they are the compounds that reach the target cell or tissues and their activity could be different from that observed by the polyphenols present in food. The aim of this work is the determination of phenolic compounds in serum and plasma of rats that have been overfed with a lippia citrodora extract. The previous extraction of the phenolic compounds from the samples is a critical step because of the complexity of these biological samples. For this purpose the comparison of different extraction systems were studied for the serum and plasma samples: different solid phase extractions and enzymatic hydrolysis were checked to clean up the samples from proteins ad other substances. To evaluate the recovery of the different extraction systems samples of fetal bovine serum spiked with some phenolic standards were used (naringenin, luteolin, apigenin, rutin, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid and catechin). The analyses of the samples were performed by HPLC-ESI-MS (TOF). The optimum extraction system was used to study the metabolism of the rats that had been overfed with a lippia citrodora extract. These extracts had been described to be very rich in phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and iridoids that present a very high antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity. Plasma from nine Wistar rats were analyzed; 3 of the rats (control samples) had not been fed with the phenolic extract, while the other 6 rats had eaten 1440 mg of extract/ Kg of rat weight right 20 min before taking the sample. The samples were analyzed by HPLC/nanoLC-ESI-MS (TOF). The advantages of nanoLC are its high sensitivity and the low quantity of sample required. This methodology has allowed detecting in the biological samples 11 phenolic compounds that are present in the lippia citrodora extract and also some of its possible metabolites. Notwithstanding, this is the first time that nanoLC has been used to determine phenolic compounds in biological samples

Pooling birth cohorts in allergy and asthma: European union-funded initiatives-a MeDALL, CHICOS, ENRIECO, and GALEN joint paper: CHICOS study group ENRIECO study group GA2LEN study group

Long-term birth cohort studies are essential to understanding the life course and childhood predictors of allergy and the complex interplay between genes and the environment (including lifestyle and socioeconomic determinants). Over 100 cohorts focusing on asthma and allergy have been initiated in the world over the past 30 years. Since 2004, several research initiatives funded under the EU Framework Program for Research and Technological Development FP6-FP7 have attempted to identify, compare, and evaluate pooling data from existing European birth cohorts (GA2LEN: Global Allergy and European Network, FP6; ENRIECO: Environmental Health Risks in European Birth Cohorts, FP7; CHICOS: Developing a Child Cohort Research Strategy for Europe, FP7; MeDALL: Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy, FP7). However, there is a general lack of knowledge about these initiatives and their potentials. The aim of this paper is to review current and past EU-funded projects in order to make a summary of their goals and achievements and to suggest future research needs of these European birth cohort networks. \ua9 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel

The future of religious education in Europe

This E-book is the result of a workshop on “The future of religious education in Europe”, hosted by the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute in Florence on 28 October 2014.This small volume covers the entire conceptual range of approaches to religious education in public schools. The papers gathered in this publication cover the conceptual debate on the subject, ranging from a confessional approach to a sociological approach with an inclusive model as the middle-position. The different models diverge on how they define, in the context of public schooling for children aged 6 to 14 years, what religious education is aimed at: is that what should be conveyed knowledge about religion or instead religious knowledge? Should pupils become cognitively equipped to recognize and discuss religious diversity, or should they first become literate in one, presumably “their own” religious tradition?-- I Kristina Stoeckl – Knowledge about religion and religious knowledge in secular societies: introductory remarks to The future of religious education in Europe -- II Robert Jackson – Inclusive Study of Religions and other Worldviews in Publicly-funded Schools in Democratic Societies -- III Valeria Fabretti – Rethinking Religious Education sociologically: A contribution to the European debate and comparison -- IV Joachim Willems – Religious Education and the Student’s Fundamental Right to Freedom of Religion – Some Lessons and Questions from Germany -- V Matthias Scharer, Innsbruck – “Learning Religion” in the Presence of the Other: Provocation and Gift in Public Educatio

Transverse momentum spectra of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at 1as=900 GeV with ALICE at the LHC

The inclusive charged particle transverse momentum distribution is measured in proton-proton collisions at s=900 GeV at the LHC using the ALICE detector. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (|\u3b7|<0.8) over the transverse momentum range 0.15<10 GeV/c. The correlation between transverse momentum and particle multiplicity is also studied. Results are presented for inelastic (INEL) and non-single-diffractive (NSD) events. The average transverse momentum for |\u3b7|<0.8 is \u3008pT\u3009INEL=0.483\ub10.001 (stat.)\ub10.007 (syst.) GeV/c and \u3008pT\u3009NSD=0.489\ub10.001 (stat.)\ub10.007 (syst.) GeV/c, respectively. The data exhibit a slightly larger \u3008pT\u3009 than measurements in wider pseudorapidity intervals. The results are compared to simulations with the Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA and PHOJET. \ua9 2010