Kunnskapsoppsumering og klassifisering av tiltaket: Circle of Security (COS) International – Parenting (COS-P) (2.utg.)

Source at https://ungsinn.no/post_tiltak_arkiv/circle-of-security-cos-international-parenting-cos-p-2-utg/.BACKGROUND: Circle of security (COS) is a group of attachment-based parental guidance interventions designed to promote sensitive and affective communication with the child, increasing the child’s sense of security and self-understanding. This article describes the Circle of Security (COS) International – Parenting (COS-P), which is a preventive intervention targeting groups of families. The intervention is developed to be provided to parents of children with no known risk of developing attachment issues. Implementation of the intervention in Norway is organized by Tilknytningspsykologene in co-operation with Circle of Security International in USA. METHODS: This review is based on systematic literature search in the databases Embase, Medline, Psykinfo, NORART, Cochrane, Cristin, NORA, SCOPUS and SweMed. International databases on evidence have also been searched, as well as information about the intervention from the Norwegian provider. Literature searches and other information obtained were reviewed to identify Nordic impact studies, international systematic reviews and other Norwegian studies of the intervention. RESULTS: The results in this paper consist of assessments of the intervention’s description, available studies and quality of implementation. COS-P is considered to be satisfactorily described with a good theoretical foundation. However, there are only one Nordic study where the effect of the intervention has been investigated, which find no significant difference in effect between a group receiving COS-P in addition to ordinary treatment (TAU) and another group receiving only TAU. This means that it is unclear whether COS-P actually has an effect in relation to promoting secure attachment. CONCLUSION: COS-P is classified at evidence level 2 – Theoretically-based interventions.BAKGRUNN: Circle of Security (COS), eller Trygghetssirkelen på norsk, er en gruppe intervensjoner utviklet for å fremme god tilknytning mellom foreldre og barn. Intervensjonene retter seg primært mot foreldrenes evne til å forstå barnets grunnleggende behov for trygghet, tilhørighet og autonomi slik at barnets trygghetsfølelse og selvforståelse øker. Denne kunnskapsoppsummeringen beskriver Circle of Security – International Parenting (COS-P), som er en forebyggende gruppeintervensjon rettet mot foreldre. Tiltaket er utviklet for å tilbys familier uten kjent risiko for utvikling av tilknytningsproblematikk. I Norge driftes tiltaket av Tilknytningspsykologene i samarbeid med Circle of Security International i USA. METODE: Denne kunnskapsoppsummeringen bygger på et systematisk litteratursøk i databasene Embase, Medline og Psykinfo, NORART, Cochrane, Cristin, NORA, SCOPUS, CINAHL og SweMed. Det er også søkt i internasjonale kunnskapsdatabaser om evidens samt innhentet informasjon om tiltaket fra tiltakseier. Litteratursøk og annen innhentet informasjon ble gjennomgått for å identifisere nordiske effektstudier, internasjonale oppsummeringsstudier og eventuelt andre norske studier om tiltaket. RESULTATER: Resultatene består av en vurdering av tiltakets beskrivelse, foreliggende studier og implementeringskvalitet. COS-VG vurderes som et godt beskrevet tiltak med en god teoretisk forankring. Det finnes en nordisk effektstudie av tiltaket, hvor det ikke ble funnet noen signifikant forskjell i effekt mellom en gruppe som mottok COS-P i tillegg til vanlig behandling (TAU) og en annen gruppe som mottok kun TAU. Det er dermed usikker hvilken virkning tiltaket faktisk har med tanke på å kunne fremme trygg tilknytning. KONKLUSJON: COS-P klassifiseres på evidensnivå 2 – Teoretisk begrunnet tiltak

Kunnskapsoppsummering og klassifisering av tiltaket: Kjærlighet og Grenser (3. utg.)

Source at https://ungsinn.no/post_tiltak_arkiv/kjaerlighet-og-grenser-3-utg/.BAKGRUNN Formålet med denne kunnskapsoppsummering er å undersøke om Kjærlighet og Grenser (v. 2019) er virksomt når det tilbys i vanlig praksis i Norge. Artikkelen bygger på en tidligere beskrivelse av det samme tiltaket i Ungsinn (Bjørknes, 2011; Bjørknes & Koposov, 2018). Tiltakseier har oppdatert programmet noe siden da og denne artikkelen tar utgangspunkt i den oppdaterte versjonen med et oppdatert litteratursøk. Kjærlighet og Grenser er ment å være et rusforebyggende program rettet mot ungdom i alderen 12–13 år og deres foreldre. Kompetansesenter rus – region sør (KoRus Sør) har det nasjonale ansvaret for å utvikle og gi opplæring i programmet. Programmet er opprinnelig utviklet i USA (Iowa Strengthening Families Program), videreutviklet i Sverige (ParentSteps, Step-by-Step) og implementert i Norge fra 2004. METODE Det ble gjort litteratursøk i databasene Embase, Medline og Psykinfo, NORART, Cochrane, Cristin, NORA, SCOPUS og SweMed. Søket resulterte i to svenske effektstudier som ble inkludert. RESULTATER Resultatene omfatter en beskrivelse av programmet samt en oppsummering av effektstudier, forskningsmetodisk kvalitet og implementeringskvalitet. Programmet har tilfredsstillende systemer for å sikre implementeringskvalitet. Det foreligger to studier fra Sverige som undersøker effekten av tiltaket. Begge studiene benytter randomiserte design med kontrollgrupper, målinger ved oppstart og senere oppfølging. Studiene er av god forskningsmetodisk kvalitet. Det er ikke funnet signifikante positive effekter på relevante utfallsmål, slik som unges rus- eller atferdsproblemer. I tillegg er ikke internasjonale kunnskapsoppsummeringer samstemt i sine konklusjoner om programmet er virksomt. KONKLUSJON Basert på Ungsinn sine kriterier klassifiseres Kjærlighet og Grenser på evidensnivå 0 – uvirksomt tiltak. Studiene som er gjennomført er av god forskningsmetodisk kvalitet og viser at tiltaket ikke har effekt. Dette understøttes av at internasjonale kunnskapsoppsummeringer ikke er samstemt i sine konklusjoner om programmet er virksomt

Kunnskapsoppsummering og klassifisering av tiltaket: Circle of Security Virginia - Familiemodellen (COS-VF, 2. utg.)

Source at https://ungsinn.no/post_tiltak_arkiv/circle-of-security-virginia-familiemodellen-cos-vf-2-utg/.BAKGRUNN - Circle of security (COS), eller Trygghetssirkelen på norsk, er en gruppe intervensjoner utviklet for å fremme god tilknytning mellom foreldre og barn. Intervensjonene retter seg primært mot foreldrenes evne til å forstå barnets grunnleggende behov for trygghet, tilhørighet og autonomi slik at barnets trygghetsfølelse og selvforståelse øker. Denne artikkelen beskriver Circle of Security (COS) Virginia – Familiemodellen (COS-VF), som er en terapeutisk intervensjon rettet mot enkelt-familier. Tiltaket kan brukes når barn har utviklet, eller er i risiko for å utvikle, tilknytningsproblematikk. Tiltaket driftes av Regionsenter for barn og unges psykiske helse Øst og Sør (RBUP Øst og Sør). METODE - Denne kunnskapsoppsummeringen bygger på et systematisk litteratursøk i databasene Embase, Medline og Psykinfo, NORART, Cochrane, Cristin, NORA, SCOPUS og SweMed. Det er også søkt i internasjonale kunnskapsdatabaser om evidens, samt innhentet informasjon om tiltaket fra tiltakseier. Litteratursøk og annen innhentet informasjon ble gjennomgått for å identifisere nordiske effektstudier, internasjonale oppsummeringsstudier og eventuelt andre norske studier om tiltaket. RESULTATER - Resultatene består av en vurdering av tiltakets beskrivelse, foreliggende studier og implementeringskvalitet. COS-VF vurderes som et tilfredsstillende beskrevet tiltak med en god teoretisk forankring. Det finnes derimot ingen nordiske studier eller internasjonale kunnskapsoppsummeringer der effektene av tiltaket er undersøkt. Dette innebærer at det er usikkert hvilken virkning tiltaket faktisk har med tanke på å kunne forbedre samspillsmønstre og fremme trygg tilknytning. Tiltaket har en god implementeringsstrategi som sannsynliggjør at tiltaket tilbys slik det er tenkt i tjenestene. KONKLUSJON - COS-VF klassifiseres på evidensnivå 2 – Teoretisk begrunnede tiltak

The impact of library information literacy classes on first-year undergraduate students’ search behaviour

The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the library courses in information literacy (IL) taught at Østfold University College had an impact on the students’ search behaviour. To find out, 19 students were interviewed and observed about this topic. The results showed that there were only slight differences in search behaviour between those who had attended the IL sessions and those who had not. Many students used Google as their starting point for searching for information. In this paper, we discuss how these findings can be implemented when developing future library courses on information searching

An assessment of library instruction: its influence on search behaviour of first- and third-year students

This article presents the results of a follow-up study conducted at Østfold University College in 2015 which set out to examine information resource use among students of nursing and teacher education. The first study was presented in an article published in the Journal of Information Literacy Vol. 9 No. 1 (Boger et al. 2015). The two qualitative studies were carried out by interviewing the students about their skills in information retrieval, and observing them. The results show differences in search behaviour between first-year and third-year students, a decrease in the use of Google, and a difference between the students from the nursing faculty and the teacher education faculty

Psychological tests for expectant parents and young children in the Nordic countries: A review of the evidence

The aim of this article is to review the psychometric properties of the psychological tests that are being used in the Nordic countries during pregnancy and the child's first two years of life. A systematic literature search was performed for 33 identified tests routinely used in health care, using specific review databases as well as PsycInfo, Embase and Medline. The trained authors conducted an overall assessment of quality for each test which was then verified by the editors. A total of 12% of the tests were rated at Level 1 'Low level of quality', 61% at Level 2 'Some evidence of Quality', 15% at level 3 'Good level of Quality' and 12% at Level 4 'High level of quality'. This indicates that the evidence for the psychometric properties is insufficient for many tests used in the Nordic countries for this purpos

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Identification of 12 new susceptibility loci for different histotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer.

To identify common alleles associated with different histotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), we pooled data from multiple genome-wide genotyping projects totaling 25,509 EOC cases and 40,941 controls. We identified nine new susceptibility loci for different EOC histotypes: six for serous EOC histotypes (3q28, 4q32.3, 8q21.11, 10q24.33, 18q11.2 and 22q12.1), two for mucinous EOC (3q22.3 and 9q31.1) and one for endometrioid EOC (5q12.3). We then performed meta-analysis on the results for high-grade serous ovarian cancer with the results from analysis of 31,448 BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, including 3,887 mutation carriers with EOC. This identified three additional susceptibility loci at 2q13, 8q24.1 and 12q24.31. Integrated analyses of genes and regulatory biofeatures at each locus predicted candidate susceptibility genes, including OBFC1, a new candidate susceptibility gene for low-grade and borderline serous EOC

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks