Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Adelante / Endavant

Séptimo desafío por la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres del Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere "Purificación Escribano" de la Universitat Jaume

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Granada-Florencia: la regulación urbana en la rehabilitación. Estudio del impacto de la regulación urbana sobre la ciudad existente a través del diálogo del marco normativo de la ciudad de Granada y la de Florencia

La preocupación por el patrimonio urbano ha ido creciendo desde mediados del siglo XIX. Principalmente, dicha preocupación, viene de la mano de un aumento exponencial del interés turístico de los centros históricos de las ciudades. En concreto, esta situación de turismo masivo, se ha visto muy presente en las ciudades europeas, lo que supuso un cambio radical en la intervención de los mismos. Hasta el momento y debido a la II Guerra Mundial, en Europa se venían planteando intervenciones urbanas de carácter destructivo. Con esta preocupación del turismo y el interés que suscitaba en las administraciones públicas, se empieza a tomar una postura más proteccionista del patrimonio. Además, se empieza a cambiar la concepción de este valor, hasta el momento intrínseco al monumento y ahora ligado a su entorno urbano, como forma de hacer ciudad. En concreto en España, las políticas de desarrollo urbano, en general siempre han estado muy ligadas a conceptos de expansión del territorio, dejando totalmente desamparada la ciudad consolidada. Sin embargo, consciente del patrimonio que alberga, no se iba a quedar fuera de esa tendencia europea a la conservación de los centros históricos. Poco a poco el planeamiento de las ciudades españolas ha ido adoptando esa postura de carácter más conservador, pero sigue teniendo mucho peso la tendencia expansiva que se da en gran parte de las ciudades que conforman el territorio español. Por último, cabe destacar la importancia de la distinción de términos como rehabilitación o conservación, siendo este primero el determinante en la revitalización de las ciudades por su vocación de querer adaptarse a unos nuevos estándares de habitabilidad, pero conservando su esencia de valor cultural y urbano. Además de la importancia que tiene el planeamiento para el desarrollo de estas acciones, tanto a nivel físico como de la sociedad que alberga. Esta última de carácter muy cambiante. En definitiva, en España se está introduciendo cada vez más actuaciones de conservación de las ciudades pero, ¿Realmente el objetivo del planeamiento español es hacer ciudades a través de su patrimonio? ¿dispone de las herramientas normativos adecuadas para su desarrollo? ¿Fija objetivos de rehabilitación enfocados a la revitalización de las ciudades, o meramente conservativas para potenciar el turismo cultural que llega a sus ciudades

Bustarviejo. Propuestas bioclimáticas en el espacio público.

Bustarviejo. Propuestas bioclimáticas en el espacio público. Publicación digital de los trabajos elaborados por los estudiantes del curso 2017/18 de la asignatura La Ciudad y el Medio de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Muestra una serie de propuestas elaboradas en la asignatura para mejorar bioclimáticamente diferentes espacios públicos municipales en el marco del acuerdo realizado entre el Departamento de Urbanística y Ordenación del Territorio y el Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Bustarviejo (Madrid)

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Delaying surgery for patients with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection

Not availabl