Fe2+/Persulfate / Clinoptilolite, catalytic oxidative treatment, as a cost effective process for Isocyanate and Meta Toluene Diamine Petrochemical unit wastewater

Background: Petrochemical wastewater from isocyanate units contains aromatic and hazardous compounds such as Diaminotoluenes, Mononitrotoluene, Dinitro-toluene, Nitro-phenol, Nitro-cresol. Persulfate and ferrous sulfate can produce sulfate radicals with strong standard oxidation potential. Clinoptilolite, a natural adsorbent; plus sulfate radicals can result in catalytic oxidation of these chemicals. The objective of this study is to evaluate the catalytic oxidation efficiency Fe2+/Persulfate/ Clinoptilolite and cost effectiveness of this process for treatment of petrochemical wastewater containing aromatics.Materials and methods: The effect of study variables including persulfate and ferrous sulfate concentrations, zeolite dosages, pH and oxidation time were investigated. The type and amount of aromatic compounds as well as COD and TSS removal efficiencies were determined. All procedures in study were conducted ethicallyResults: The COD and TSS removal efficiencies using catalytic oxidative treatment processes by Fe,Persulfate, Clinoptilolite were 96% and 95%, respectively. The corresponding COD and TSS removal efficiencies using Fe and Persulfate, without zeolite were 85% and 80%, respectively.Conclusion: The catalytic processes utilizing Fe2+/Persulfate/ Clinoptilolite demonstrates an excellent COD and TSS removal efficiency. Due to its natural nature, low cost compared to chemical oxidants, as well as improvements in the efficiency of advanced oxidation processes, Zeolite can be considered as anefficient and cost-effective alternative to upgrade the catalytic oxidative treatment

Analysis of CTLA4 Gene Methylation and Its Expression In Individuals With Drug Addiction

Substance abuse is known as a relapsing and chronic disorder. Drug abuse has a significant role in the dopaminergic system in which dopamine is an important neurotransmitter.  Binding dopamine and dopamine receptors could activate major intracellular signalling through protein kinase A (PKA). Activation of intracellular signalling such CREB affect gene expression of some genes. As dopamine and dopaminergic system have an important regulation role in the inhibition of immune system we analysed the effects of drug addiction on the DNA methylation and expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4). We evaluate promoter methylation and mRNA expression of CTLA-4 in individual with drug addiction. DNA was extracted from blood of 74 patients with drug addiction and 59 healthy controls. Methylation of CTLA-4 promoter was assessed using a methylation-specific PCR technique. In addition the expression level of CTLA-4 was also indicated in 17 individuals with drug addiction and 18 people of controls. Although Promoter Methylation of CTLA-4 was not significantly different between these two groups, expression of CTLA-4 was remarkably different among them. We observed that each one of the drugs can increase the mRNA expression of CTLA_4. Therefore, we suggest that further research for other epigenetic factors is required to detect the underlying cause of changing gene expression

The Effect of Audit Quality on Cost of Equity Capital

The purpose of this study is the investigation of the effect of audit quality on cost of equity capital in firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The cost of equity capital as part of the company's cost of capital, expected return on the common stock holders. The auditing increases the credit of required information by investors. Once information quality increases, information risk is reduced thereby reducing the expected rate of return to investors. Thus, higher quality audit can reduce cost of equity capital. The audit quality is measured by three indicators: audit firm size, auditor industry specialization and auditor tenure. In this study, data of 120 companies are analyzed for the years 2004-2011 on Panel Data basis by using the Fixed Effect Model. The result show that audit firm size has no significant effect on cost of equity capital, but auditor industry specialization and auditor tenure are negatively related to cost of equity capital. Therefore, it can be concluded that audit quality has a significant effect on cost of equity capital

فراینداکسیدانیو کاتالیتیکی آهن دو ظرفیتی/ پرسولفات/ کلینوپتی لولایت به عنوان یک روش مقرون به صرفه جهت تصفیه پساب واحد ایزوسیانات و متاتولوئن دی آمین پتروشیمی

Background: Petrochemical wastewater from isocyanate units contains aromatic and hazardous compounds such as Diaminotoluenes, Mononitrotoluene, Dinitro-toluene, Nitro-phenol, Nitro-cresol. Persulfate and ferrous sulfate can produce sulfate radicals with strong standard oxidation potential. Clinoptilolite, a natural adsorbent; plus sulfate radicals can result in catalytic oxidation of these chemicals. The objective of this study is to evaluate the catalytic oxidation efficiency Fe2+/Persulfate/ Clinoptilolite and cost effectiveness of this process for treatment of petrochemical wastewater containing aromatics.Materials and methods: The effect of study variables including persulfate and ferrous sulfate concentrations, zeolite dosages, pH and oxidation time were investigated. The type and amount of aromatic compounds as well as COD and TSS removal efficiencies were determined. All procedures in study were conducted ethicallyResults: The COD and TSS removal efficiencies using catalytic oxidative treatment processes by Fe,Persulfate, Clinoptilolite were 96% and 95%, respectively. The corresponding COD and TSS removal efficiencies using Fe and Persulfate, without zeolite were 85% and 80%, respectively.Conclusion: The catalytic processes utilizing Fe2+/Persulfate/ Clinoptilolite demonstrates an excellent COD and TSS removal efficiency. Due to its natural nature, low cost compared to chemical oxidants, as well as improvements in the efficiency of advanced oxidation processes, Zeolite can be considered as an efficient and cost-effective alternative to upgrade the catalytic oxidative treatment. زمینه و اهداف: پساب واحد ایزوسیانات پتروشیمی، حاوی ترکیبات آروماتیک خطرناک و متنوع میباشد. پرسولفات و آهن دو ظرفیتی، میتوانند رادیکالهای سولفات با پتانسیل اکسیداسیون بالا تولید نمایند. کلینوپتیلولایت یک جاذب طبیعی میباشد که همراه با رادیکالهای سولفات میتوانند باعث فرایند تصفیه اکسیداتیو کاتالیکی شوند. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی کارایی و هزینه فرایند اکسیداتیو کاتالیتیکی آهن دو ظرفیتی، پرسولفات، کلینوپتیلولایت برای تصفیه پساب پتروشیمی حاوی ترکیبات آروماتیک میباشد. مواد و روشها: تاثیر متغیرهای مختلف شامل غلظت پرسولفات، سولفات آهن و زئولیت،pH و زمان اکسیداسیون مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و در نهایت مقدار حذف COD و TSS در نمونه های تصفیه شده مشخص گردید. در کلیه مراحل انجام پژوهش، موازین اخلاقی، مراعات گردید. یافته ها: مقدار حذف COD و TSS توسط فرایند تصفیه کاتالیتیکی اکسیداتیو با استفاده از سولفات آهن، پرسولفات و کلینوپتیلولایت به ترتیب 96 و 95 درصد بود. در حالیکه مقدار حذف COD و TSS توسط فرایند سولفات آهن، پرسولفات و بدون استفاده از کلینوپتیلولایت حدود 85 و 80 درصد بود. نتیجه گیری: در فرایند تصفیه اکسیداسیون کاتالیتیکی که در آن به طور همزمان از آهن دو ظرفیتی/ پرسولفات و کلینوپتیلولایت استفاده میگردید، بیشترین مقدار حذف COD و TSS نشان داده شد. با توجه به طبیعی بودن زئولیت و هزینه کم آن نسبت به مصرف مواد شیمیایی و همچنین بهبود قابل توجه راندمان فرایند اکسیداسیون پیشرفته، استفاده از آن از نظر فنی و اقتصادی توجیه پذیر میباشد

Effects of Raspberry Fruit (Rubus anatolicus (focke) foke ex hausskn) Hydroalcoholic Extract on Blood Glucose, Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress Markers in Streptozotocin-diabetic Rats

Background and Objectives: Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine disorders worldwide. Rubus anatolicus is rich in polyphenolic compounds that can protect individual from various chronic diseases such as diabetes. This study was carried out to investigate effects of hydroalcoholic extract of raspberry fruit Rubus anatolicus (focke) on blood glucose levels, lipid profiles and oxidative stress markers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials & Methods: In this study, 32 male Wistar rats weighing 150�200 g were used. Diabetes was induced in rats using streptozotocin and diabetic animals were then treated with raspberry fruit hydroalcoholic extract for 14 days. Rats were anesthetized using xylazine and ketamine mixture and sacrificed. Then, whole blood samples were collected from the animal hearts to assess their serum glucose levels, lipid profiles and oxidative markers. The p-value < 0.05was considered as significant. Results: Results of the present study showed that raspberry fruit extracts significantly decreased serum glucose levels, triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins and malondialdehyde levels in diabetic rats, compared to the diabetic control rats (p < 0.05). Moreover, serum low-density lipoproteins level, total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity significantly increased in diabetic rats, compared to diabetic control rats (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed that fruit extract raspberry included good effects on blood glucose levels, lipid profiles and oxidative stress conditions in diabetic rats. © 2022, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute. All rights reserved