Micro-CT Assessment of Filling Removal Effectiveness in the Apical Third of Curved Canals with Different Types of Anatomy

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of filling removal material from the apical third of curved mesial root canals of mandibular molars. Reciprocating instrumentation followed by additional rotary instrumentation with instruments made of alloys with different heat treatments was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six mesial roots of mandibular molars were divided into two groups: Group Class IV consisted of 16 roots with two independent canals, and Group Class II consisted of 20 roots with two canals that merged into one at their apical level. Each of these two groups were further divided into two subgroups, according to the additional rotary instrument used after the reciprocating instrumentation: Group RH and Group RM for Hyflex and Mtwo, respectively. After each procedural step, the roots were scanned by micro-tomography. After each step of filling removal, the Wilcoxon matched pair test and the Mann-Whitney test were used for the evaluation between groups. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: Significant differences were observed between groups with different Class II and Class IV anatomies, regarding filling removal after Reciproc (P<0.05). After the use of an additional rotary instrumentation, no differences were observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: In the apical third of mesial roots of mandibular molars with Class II anatomy, an additional rotary instrumentation was shown to be necessary for improving the removal of filling material after using the single-file reciprocating instrumentation technique

Black Grass Jelly Encapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8 in Honey and D-Allulose Beverage Enriched with Mangosteen Pericarp Extract

Abstract Background and Objective: Black grass jelly served in sweet syrup is one of the Chinese and East and Southeast Asian traditional beverages. An innovative enrichment can make it a better functional food. This study innovatively enriched the black-jelly food with formulas of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8, honey, D-allulose and mangosteen pericarp extract. The probiotic viability, antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential were investigated as well. Material and Methods: Ready-to-drink functional beverages included mangosteen pericarp extract varied in concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg ml-1, D-allulose in honey and encapsulated probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8 in black grass jelly containing konjac and carrageenan. The probiotic viability, antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic potential were the selective parameters for the functional beverage formulas. The viability of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8 was assessed using total plate count method. Antioxidant activity was assessed based on the reaction of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging. Hypoglycemic potential was investigated by counting petite yeast cells after treating with black grass jelly formulas. Significant differences were reported using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's test. Statistically significance included p-values≤0.05. Results and Conclusion: The probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8 encapsulated in black grass jelly survived well in the honey, D-allulose and mangosteen pericarp extract formulated beverages. Honey supported the probiotic viability better, producing further antioxidants and high potentials in hypoglycemia than that those of other formulas did. Mangosteen pericarp extract enriched the functionality of the black grass jelly probiotic beverages. However, further studies are needed to assess favorability and stability of this functional food. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest

Preoperative Pulmonary Function test and Pulse Oximetry among Patients Recovered from COVID-19 Who Were Candidates for Elective Surgery

Background: This descriptive study aimed to assess preoperative pulmonary function test (PFT) results and pulse oximetry readings in patients recovered from COVID-19 who were candidates for elective surgery.Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study. A total of 110 patients (men = 51) with a mean age of 52.6 years were enrolled in the study. The study protocol was presented to the ethics committee and received approval. Participants included patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test history, with a recovery period of at least 6-8 weeks for symptomatic patients and four weeks for asymptomatic patients. Data collection involved a random selection, obtaining informed consent, and conducting a history and physical examination. Pulmonary function capacity and oxygen saturation were assessed, and frailty was evaluated using the Edmonton Frail Scale. Echocardiography and electrocardiography were performed on all patients.Results: The study participants mainly underwent trans-ureteral lithotripsy (TUL), laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Symptomatic patients exhibited lower pulse oximetry readings than asymptomatic patients (91.18% vs. 96.13%, p-value = 0.005). Although the average ejection fraction was slightly lower in symptomatic patients (44.25%) compared to asymptomatic patients (48.18%), the difference was insignificant. Symptomatic patients also had higher rates of abnormalities in chest X-rays, electrocardiograms, pulmonary function tests, and fasting blood sugar levels, as well as a higher rate of ICU admission.Conclusion: Comprehensive preoperative evaluations, including pulmonary function and oxygenation assessment, are crucial for COVID-19 survivors undergoing elective surgery. Symptomatic patients showed lower pulse oximetry readings and higher respiratory and cardiovascular abnormalities rates. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing perioperative management and minimizing complications by thoroughly assessing patients' preoperative health status

مروری بر چالش‌های اخلاقی و حقوقی کاربرد هوش مصنوعی در نظام سلامت

زمینه و هدف: امروزه فناوری‌های هوش مصنوعی می‌توانند مزایای غیر قابل‌ تصوری را به نظام سلامت ارائه دهند. در حالی ‌که هوش مصنوعی ظرفیت قابل ‌توجهی برای بهبود عملکرد نظام سلامت دارد، از سویی دیگر چالش‌هایی نیز به همراه دارد که گاهی منجر به آسیب در نظام سلامت می‌شود. از این رو هدف از پژوهش حاضر مروری بر چالش‌های اخلاقی و حقوقی همراه با کاربرد هوش مصنوعی در نظام سلامت است. روش: این مطالعه از نوع مروری است. برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از جستجوی شواهد در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus و Google Scolar با استفاده از واژگان کلیدی هوش مصنوعی، اخلاق پزشکی، حقوق سلامت، مراقبت سلامت و کرامت انسانی استفاده شد. ملاحظات اخلاقی: در تمام مراحل نگارش پژوهش حاضر، ضمن رعایت اصالت متون، صداقت و امانتداری رعایت شده است. یافته‌ها: اساس یافته‌های پژوهش در خصوص چالش‌های اخلاقی می‌توان به اعتماد به هوش مصنوعی، نقض کرامت انسانی در هوش مصنوعی، رعایت اصل استقلال فردی و قواعد آن، هوش مصنوعی در تشخیص اتمام درمان و هوش مصنوعی و کارکرد احساسی اشاره نمود و چالش‌های حقوقی شامل استانداردسازی هوش مصنوعی در پزشکی، هوش مصنوعی و مسئولیت مدنی، هوش مصنوعی و ضمان پزشک، هوش مصنوعی و نقض محرمانگی داده‌ها و هوش مصنوعی و امنیت سایبری می‌باشند. نتیجه‌گیری: در استفاده از فناوری‌هایی هوش مصنوعی برای ارائه خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی بایستی تصمیمات ما مبتنی بر احترام به کرامت انسانی و رعایت اصول اخلاقی و حقوقی و قواعد و مقررات باشد. هر فناوری مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی که برای استفاده در مراقبت‌های بهداشتی و درمانی و نظام سلامت در نظر گرفته می‌شود، باید کارآمد، ایمن، استاندارد و تنظیم‌ شده باشد، چنین فناوری‌هایی تنها در صورتی می‌توانند کارآمد باشند که با نظارت و ارزشیابی در مراقبت‌های بهداشتی و درمانی پیاده‌سازی شوند

Volume-based and Surface-Based Methods in Autism Compared with Healthy Controls Are Free surfer and CAT12 in Agreement?

Objectives Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) encompasses a range of neurodevelopmental disorders, and early detection is crucial. This study aims to identify the Regions of Interest (ROIs) with significant differences between healthy controls and individuals with autism, as well as evaluate the agreement between FreeSurfer 6 (FS6) and Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12) methods.Materials & MethodsISurface-based and volume-based features were extracted from FS software and CAT12 toolbox for Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software to estimate ROI-wise biomarkers. These biomarkers were compared between 18 males Typically Developing Controls (TDCs) and 40 male subjects with ASD to assess group differences for each method. Finally, agreement and regression analyses were performed between the two methods for TDCs and ASD groups.ResultsBoth methods revealed ROIs with significant differences for each parameter. The Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) showed that both TDCs and ASD groups indicated a significant relationship between the two methods (p<0.001). The R2 values for TDCs and ASDgroups were 0.692 and 0.680, respectively, demonstrating a moderatecorrelation between CAT12 and FS6. Bland-Altman graphs showed a moderate level of agreement between the two methods. ConclusionThe moderate correlation and agreement between CAT12 and FS6 suggest that while some consistency is observed in the results, CAT12 is not a superior substitute for FS6 software. Further research is needed to identify a potential replacement for this method

Relationship of Infertility and Psychological Distress

Abstract Nowadays, an estimated 15% of couples are having trouble conceiving. Infertility is not only a reproductive health problem, but also a social problem that affects family and other interpersonal relationships. Infertility involves psychological problems for both partners. There is a correlation between psychological factors and infertility. It seems that the main cause of infertility can be psychological rather than biological factors. Anxiety, depression, stress associated with infertility and antidepressants used in these patient can impact in the treatment of infertility and their outcomes. Persistent fertility problem will have several negative influences on a couple's life and may cause relationship breakdown. Therefore, more research should be conducted on the reasons of infertility as a way to find the factors related to infertility and reduce its impact

New Attention to Vesicoureteral Reflux In Children: A Review Article : VUR in Children

Background and Aim: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) as a known cause of urinary tractinfection (UTI), renal scarring, and nephropathy, is congenital and often familial. Theprevalence of VUR is unclear, although most cases of VUR resolves spontaneously, themanagement of children with VUR is controversial. The purpose of this review was toevaluate VUR in order to provide an update on management to improve its prognosis.Methods: The articles from several sources, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, GoogleScholar, Web of Science, and the Directory of Open Access Journals, were included.Conclusion: Due to various complications, VUR is very scary for patients or families, andspecial attention is needed. A challenge for pediatric nephrologists is the early diagnosisof VUR and the progressive complications of kidney disease. There is no internationallyaccepted, uniform, evidence-based algorithm for the assessment of reflux anywhere

تعیین سهم نسبی نفوذ موثر از هوش عاطفی در بین مديران تربيت بدني استان اصفهان

مقدمه: امروزه در دنياي كسب و كار، هوش عاطفي به عنوان ابزاري براي سنجش موفقيت سازمان و كاركنان معرفي مي‌شود لذا هدف از اين تحقيق بررسي رابطه‌ي بين هوش عاطفي با نفوذ مؤثر مديران تربيت بدني استان اصفهان بود. روش بررسی: در یک تحقیق توصیفی-پیمایشی 60 نفر از مدیر عاملان و 120 نفر از مديران تربيت بدني استان اصفهان با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گيري تصادفي طبقه‌اي انتخاب گرديدند. ابزار جمع‌آوري اطلاعات، دو پرسشنامه استاندارد هوش عاطفي بار- آن با 90 سوال و پرسشنامه نفوذ مؤثر راجرز پيتر و آرنولد با 96 سوال بود. پرسشنامه هوش عاطفي مولفه‌هاي ميان فردي، بين فردي، مديريت فشار، انطباق‌پذيري و خلق عمومي را مورد بررسي قرار داد و ضريب پايايي ان از طريق شاخص آلفاي کرونباخ 949/0 گزارش شد. در نهایت داده های به دست آمده با استفاده از ویرایش 18 نرم افزار spss تحلیل شده است. یافنه ها: يافته‌هاي تحقيق نشان داد که بين هوش عاطفي و نفوذ مؤثر مديران رابطه معناداري مشاهده گرديد (473/0=r) و (01/0p>). اين تحقيق بر اساس مدل رگرسيون نشان داد با افزايش هوش عاطفي ميزان نفوذ مؤثر نيز افزايش مي‌يابد. اين همبستگي مثبت و معني‌دار، در تمام ابعاد هوش عاطفي نمود داشت. بحث و نتیجه گیری:  با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق هر چه مدير عاملان از هوش عاطفي بالاتري برخوردار باشند، ميزان نفوذ آنان بر کارکنان بيشتر است

شناسایی مولفه های بیمارستان حکمت بنیان از دیدگاه بیماران: مطالعه کیفی: مولفه های بیمارستان حکمت بنیان از دیدگاه بیماران

مقدمه: ماموریت اصلی بیمارستان حکمت بنیان تامین مراقبت با کیفیت برای بیماران و برآورده کردن نیاز ها و انتظارات آنها در سایه سه اصل منزلت و کرامت انسانی، دانش و حکمت پزشکی و اخلاق و شئونات اسلامی می باشد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف شناسایی مولفه های بیمارستان حکمت بنیان از دیدگاه بیماران صورت گرفته است که از گام های مهم در انجام این ماموریت به شمار می آید. روش ها :  این مطالعه از نوع کیفی و روش تحلیل محتوای قراردادی می باشد که جمع آوری و تحلیل داده ها بر اساس مراحل مطرح شده توسط Graneheim    و Lundman صورت گرفته است. جامعه مورد مطالعه در این پژوهش 30نفر شامل 13 نفر خانم و 17 نفر آقا  از بیماران بستری شده در بخش های بیمارستان حکمت بنیان  مسیح دانشوری که مدت قابل توجهی در آن جا حضور داشتند انتخاب شد. مصاحبه ها به صورت نیمه ساختار یافته و چهره به چهره و تا رسیدن به سطح اشباع انجام گرفت. یافته ها: از طریق جمع آوری و آنالیز داده ها تعداد 229 کد اولیه استخراج گردید که با تحلیل یافته های حاصل، مولفه های بیمارستان حکمت بنیان از دید بیماران در  5 طبقه اصلی و 15 زیر طبقه با محتوای عوامل ملموس ( امکانات و تجهیزات، منابع انسانی و شرایط محیطی)، عوامل اقتصادی (مشکلات مالی معیشتی، بیمه ها و هزینه های درمان)، عوامل فرهنگی( مسائل اخلاقی، اعتقادات و کرامت انسانی)، تاب آوری روحی و روانی در بیماران (آثار روحی روانی، درک خطر و همدلی)، قابلیت اطمینان خطر (اعتماد، پاسخ گویی و تضمین) و همچنین تعدادی کد  نهایی دسته بندی گردید.. بحث و نتیجه گیری: از نتایج نهایی حاصل از این مطالعه در می یابیم از جمله گام های موثر در جهت دستیابی به بیمارستان حکمت بنیان پاسخ مناسب به انتظارات بیماران از بیمارستان است و بیماران در این مطالعه این مهم را بیشتر پیرامون بهره مندی از روشهای درمانی موثر و کم هزینه تر در سایه برخورد شایسته و تو امان با همدلی کادر درمان با خویش می دانند

Health Information-Seeking Behavior of the Faculty of Nursing and Pre-Hospital Emergencies Students in Abhar, Iran

Introduction: Health information is a basis for connecting societies with health and treatment systems. People with a correct understanding of diseases can manage their health conditions. The study aims to investigate the health information-seeking behavior of nursing and pre-hospital emergency students in Abhar, Iran. Methods: The present research used a survey descriptive method and a quantitative approach. Of all Faculty of Nursing and Pre-Hospital Emergencies students in Abhar, Iran, 450 were chosen. Using Morgan’s table, 208 people were chosen as the statistical population. A questionnaire was distributed to all students to collect data, and finally, 210 questionnaires were completed and collected. The collected information was analyzed using SPSS version 2021 and Excel 2016 software. Results: The findings showed that 95.2% of the students have a bachelor’s degree. The smartphone is primarily used to search and access health information. Among printed sources, medical books were used more than other sources. Among the most important information channels for obtaining health information from the student’s point of view are TV/radio, the internet, social networks, physicians, colleagues, and universities or hospitals. Influential factors in evaluating health information acquisition channels include fresh and innovative content, up-to-date information and etc. Conclusion: Students use print sources and health information acquisition channels (digital media, individuals, and organizations) to meet their needs to provide health information, and in this way, they face obstacles and problems. Therefore, paying attention to the quality, validation, trust, and up-to-dateness of information can help students find the right way to seek information