Condições bucais de privados de liberdade em um município do sudoeste goiano / Bucais misconditions of deprived of liberty in a municipality of southwest goiano

A situação que a saúde bucal apresenta, interfere diretamente nos hábitos diários, na autoestima, alimentação e na fonética. O cirurgião-dentista tem um papel importante na detecção precoce de determinadas doenças, que por vezes se manifestam na cavidade oral. Uma porcentagem considerável da população em cárcere reconhece que possuem deficiência nos cuidados com a boca, devido à dificuldade de obter atendimento odontológico que deveria ser oferecido pelo sistema prisional. Objetivo: avaliar as condições de saúde bucal da população penitenciária em um município do sudoeste goiano, analisando experiência de cárie, perda dentária, uso e a necessidade de reabilitação protética. Método: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de delineamento transversal e abordagem quantitativa, cuja amostra selecionada foi de 101 detentos. O questionário para a coleta de dados foi elaborado e adaptado pelos pesquisadores para a população custodiada. Resultados: Os participantes foram entrevistados e, logo após, realizou-se a avaliação bucal. Observou-se que a faixa etária dos detentos variam entre 19 a 60 anos e que cerca de 46% não completaram o ensino fundamental. Com relação à saúde bucal, 60% apresentaram dor de dente recentemente; 62% relataram não utilizar fio dental e 11% utilizam prótese. Já referente ao índice de CPO-D foi registrado o valor de 13,22. Conclusão: A saúde bucal dos custodiados é preocupante, principalmente devido ao alto índice de cárie. Evidencia-se dessa forma, a importância de programas que promovam saúde de qualidade para os mesmos

PROBIÓTICO, PREBIÓTICO E SIMBIÓTICO NA NUTRIÇÃO DE ALEVINOS DE TILÁPIA DO NILO OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS

Este experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de utilizar a levedura Saccharomyces cervisiae como probiótico, o prebiótico mananoligossacarídeo (MOS) e ambos como simbiótico na ração para nutrição de alevinos de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), avaliando o desempenho e morfologia do intestino após 60 dias. Foram utilizados 400 alevinos de tilápia do Nilo da linhagem Gift com peso e comprimento médio inicial de 9,2 ± 0,5g e 8,0 ± 0,5cm, distribuídos em vinte tanques de polietileno de 60 litros, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições cada. Os tratamentos consistiram em uma ração testemunha; 0,2% de probiótico; 0,2% de prebiótico; e 0,2% de probiótico + 0,2% de prebiótico. A utilização de aditivos influenciou o consumo de ração e a conversão alimentar (P<0,01). Não houve diferença significativa para taxa de sobrevivência, peso aos 30 e 60 dias, comprimento do intestino e ganho em peso. A suplementação com aditivos apresentou melhora no epitélio intestinal dos alevinos. O tratamento com probiótico resultou em menor número de células caliciformes (P<0,05) quando comparados aos valores obtidos pelos alevinos que receberam as demais dietas, e maior quantidade de vilosidades em relação ao tratamento testemunha. Quanto à altura dos vilos, os tratamentos com probiótico e simbiótico diferiram do controle sem diferir um do outro. Os resultados obtidos podem indicar uma influência positiva na diferenciação do epitélio intestinal, com isso os peixes tendem a ficarem menos propensos a patógenos e outros desafios.

Functionality on mild, moderate and severe Alzheimer's disease: a cros-sectional study

Objetivo: Avaliar a funcionalidade de pacientes com Doença de Alzheimer (DA) residentes na comunidade, no município de Guarapuava - PR, região Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, com pacientes com DA residentes na comunidade, no município de Guarapuava - PR. Os participantes foram classificados de acordo com a Escala Clínica de Demência em CDR 1 (DA leve), CDR 2 (DA moderada) e CDR 3 (DA severa). O estado mental foi avaliado através do Mini Exame do Estado Mental; as atividades básicas de vida diária (ABVD) através do Índice de Barthel e as atividades instrumentais de vida diária (AIVD) através do Índice de Lowton e Brody. Resultados: Foram avaliados 58 idosos com diagnóstico de DA, dos quais 14 (24,1%) estavam em CDR 1, 21 (36,2%) em CDR 2 e 23 (39,7%) em CDR 3. Houve diferença significativa entre os níveis de dependência para a realização das ABVD e AIVD entre todas as fases da DA (p &lt;0,001), sendo que a dependência foi maior nos participantes estadeados em CDR 2 e CDR 3. Conclusão: O nível de dependência para a realização das atividades básicas e instrumentais de vida diária é maior nas fases mais avançadas da DA e a dependência para a realização das AIVD está presente em todas as fases da doença, sendo maior do que a dependência para a realização das ABVD desde a fase inicial da DA, sugerindo uma perda progressiva da funcionalidade.Objective: To evaluate the functionality of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) living in a community, in the city of Guarapuava PR, South of Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with patients with AD living in the community. Participants were classified according to Clinical Dementia Rating as CDR 1 (mild AD), CDR 2 (moderate AD) and CDR 3 (severe AD). The mental state was assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination; the basic activities of daily living (ADLs) was determined by the Barthel Index and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) via by Lowton and Brody Index. Results: 49 elderly patients with AD diagnosis were evaluated, 14 (24.1%) of which were classified as CDR 1, 21 (36.2%) as CDR 2, and 23 (39.7%) as CDR 3. There was a significant difference between the levels of dependence for the performance of the basic ADLs and IADLs among all phases of AD (p &lt;0.001). The dependence was higher in both CDR 2 and CDR 3. Conclusion: Functional dependence for basic activities of daily living becomes more frequent in the most advanced stages of AD, whereas dependence for IADLs is onset since early stages of AD, even more noticeable than dependence for basic ADLs, what suggests a progressive loss of functionality

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Effects of diets with increasing levels of citrus pulp on the blood parameters linked to energy metabolism in horses

Currently, the use of alternative energy ingredients for horses has increased because these foods contain "superfibers", making safer diet for these animals. To study the influence of diets containing increasing levels of citrus pulp on albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, insulin and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in the blood, five animals were used, with an average age of 3.5 years and a live weight of 460.66±76.86 kg, they were fed twice a day, at 7:00 am and 4:00 pm. The diets were formulated to meet the requirements of the animals at maintenance. 60% of the energy was obtained from forage, and 40% from concentrate, containing the following inclusion levels of citrus pulp (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28%). The area under the curve (AUC) and the glucose and insulin peaks were calculated, and no differences were observed between the treatments. There was no effect of diet on the blood concentrations of the evaluated parameters tested, and there was no effect of the time of collection on the following variables: SCFAs, cholesterol, triglycerides and albumin. However, the diet did have quadratic effect on the glucose (Ŷ =-0.5327X²+4.2130X+84.5276) and insulin (Ŷ=-0.1002X² +0.8233X + 1.6336) concentrations. Up to 28% of the concentrate can be composed of citrus pulp in horse diets without causing any alterations on the concentrations of the parameters analyzed in the blood. High-fiber diets with easily fermentable fibers are beneficial because they maintain the glucose and insulin curves close to the baseline levels

Resumos em andamento - Educação

Resumos em andamento - Educaçã