An investigation into the economic contribution of the University of Waikato to the Waikato Region

The Waikato region is home to approximately 16% of New Zealand’s total population, and is the country’s fourth largest regional economy. The region contributes 9.1% of the nation’s GDP and 10% of New Zealand exports. The industries which are most important to the Waikato region are dairy farming, electricity generation and distribution, mining and quarrying, forestry and logging, and education and research services. The University of Waikato has been contributing to the Waikato regional economy since 1964. It employs 2000 staff and has 13,000 enrolled students. Of the University’s domestic students, 74% come from the Waikato and Bay of Plenty regions. Thus the University creates employment for residents and attracts students from both within and outside the Waikato region. The expenditure of students in the region creates wealth for local businesses and other flow on effects, resulting in higher regional GDP. It is because of this influx of students into the region that the University provides the local economy with additional wealth. Thus there is motivation to further investigate the economic contribution of the University to the Waikato region’s economy. The main objectives of this study were to quantify the economic contribution of the University of Waikato to the Waikato region. By building a single region input-output model it can be seen how great an impact the University has on the Waikato region. Details of local student spending were ascertained to allow multiplier effects to be determined. The larger these multiplier effects, the more valuable the University is to the local economy. This study adds to the current academic literature on this subject, and also gives a more detailed understanding of a University’s role within its local economy. This is because it includes not only the direct impacts of the University’s and its students’ activities, but also the indirect flow-on effects. The methods this paper used to construct an input-output table for the Waikato region were to create a national input-output table from the 2007 supply and use tables for New Zealand using the industry technology method. This table was then downsized to portray the Waikato region using an augmented GRIT method, which allowed for the inclusion of superior data into the table. The resulting input-output table was then used to conduct an impact analysis of the University of Waikato on its local economy. This paper has used input-output analysis to show that the University of Waikato is important to the Waikato Region both in its contribution to regional GDP and in the benefits it provides to the community such as the use of the University grounds and higher-skilled labour force it brings. The University contributes 3.4% of the Waikato Region’s GDP and provides employment both directly through its delivery of services and indirectly through its operations and spending of staff and students. If the University were to close it would have a significant negative impact both on regional GDP and more intangible losses to its local community

Effects of New Zealand general elections on stock market returns

This paper examines stock returns under both National and Labour governments in New Zealand, offering further insight into the existence of the political cycle effect. Findings indicate the existence of a political cycle effect in stock returns, consistent with a number of recent studies performed within both Australia and New Zealand. New Zealand’s right-of-centre National party are found to be associated with significantly higher stock returns during their terms in office than their left-of-centre counterparts, the Labour party. Our findings add to a growing body of literature, particularly outside of the United States, where investors can expect stock returns to vary depending upon the governing political party and can make better investment decisions accordingly

Cycles of Fire? Politics and Forest Burning in Indonesia

This paper examines the link between electoral incentives and environmental degradation by exploiting a satellite dataset on 107,000 forest fires and 879 asynchronous district elections in Indonesia. Fires represent a cheap but illegal means of converting forested land to other uses, but they risk burning out of control and creating substantial negative environmental externalities. We find a significant electoral cycle in forest fires. Ignitions and area burned decline during election years but steeply increase in the year after. The results suggest that politicians may suppress this activity at times when it might particularly dent their electoral chances

Cycles of Fire? Politics and Forest Burning in Indonesia

This paper examines the link between electoral incentives and environmental degradation by exploiting a satellite dataset on 107,000 forest fires and 879 asynchronous district elections in Indonesia. Fires represent a cheap but illegal means of converting forested land to other uses, but they risk burning out of control and creating substantial negative environmental externalities. We find a significant electoral cycle in forest fires. Ignitions and area burned decline during election years but steeply increase in the year after. The results suggest that politicians may suppress this activity at times when it might particularly dent their electoral chances. </jats:p

Thigh-length compression stockings and DVT after stroke

Controversy exists as to whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with invasive bladder cancer, despite randomised controlled trials of more than 3000 patients. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of such treatment on survival in patients with this disease