1,083 research outputs found
Efecto de la competencia en la escogencia de estándares educativos
- Publication venue
- Facultad de Economía
- Publication date
- 30/08/2012
- Field of study
En la literatura económica no se ha estudiado como la competencia entre las instituciones educativas afecta específicamente la escogencia de estándares educativos y el valor de matrícula. Usando un modelo teórico analizo como la competencia entre las instituciones educativas afectan la escogencia de estándares académicos, comparando la solución en competencia con la solución eficiente y la solución de monopolio.
Los individuos son heterogéneos y se diferencian en su habilidad, las instituciones educativas compiten estableciendo en una primera etapa el estándar educativo, y en una segunda etapa el valor de matrícula. Una vez definidos los estándares y los valores de matrícula, estos son información pública, permitiendo a los individuos escoger entre ingresar o no a una institución educativa o a que institución educativa ingresar de acuerdo a la habilidad innata y al costo asociado al esfuerzo.
En los resultados se muestra que el bienestar social aumenta cuando en la economía existe más de una institución educativa con estándares diferentes, y la solución de mercado, en monopolio o en competencia, obliga a los estudiantes a ejercer un mayor esfuerzo para alcanzar el título. Independiente a la relación de costos, el valor de matrícula es siempre mayor para la institución con estándar educativo más alto, y mayor en la solución de mercado. Cuando el costo unitario de la institución con estándar más alto es mayor o igual al costo de la institución con menor estándar, los estándares educativos escogidos por el planificador son mayores y el esfuerzo requerido por los individuos es menor respecto a la solución de mercado.The literature has not studied how competence between schools affect grading standards and tuition fees. I use a theoretical model to analyze grading standards and tuition fees when schools compete. Also I compare this solution to the monopoly solution and the efficient solution. This model has 2 main assumptions: 1. Exists heterogeneity across individuals, it means differences in innate ability; and 2. Schools compete simultaneously in a two-stage model. First, by selecting grading standards and later, selecting tuition fees to maximize their profits.
Considering this, social welfare increases with competence when schools compete and each of them has a different grading standards. In addition, students do lower effort under the efficient solution model. According to the competence model, tuition fees are higher when grading standard is higher, even when lower grading standard school are costly
Soy Niña
- Author
- Aguilar Bellón Cristina
- Alarcón Romero Lucía
- Albendin Chafino Mª Carmen
- Alvarez Rojas Felisa
- Amador Jiménez Isabel
- Aranda Aguilar Sonia María
- Arcos Repullo Ana
- Arjona Navajas Helena
- Artacho Alarcón Paula
- Ballesteros Ávila Alicia Carmen
- Barranco Ramos Eva
- Benali Akchich Ilham
- Bermúdez Blanco Anabel
- Bravo Osorio Noemí
- Brenes Fernández Natalia
- Bruno Vázquez Patricia Milagros
- Calderon-Almendros Ignacio
- Campos Muñoz Blanca
- Cano Fernández Verónica
- Carnerero Maireles Nazaret
- Carrera Cuenca Carolina
- Castillo Jimena Sara
- Cazorla Sánchez Iris
- Comino Márquez Cristina
- Crespo Romero Sonia
- Cáceres Ruíz María José
- De Molina Corraliza Mónica
- Delgado Fernández Indira
- Escobar Gómez Celia María
- Espada Flores Alicia
- Falcón García Celia
- Feito Pedraza María
- Fernández Fernández Daniel
- Fernández García Ana
- Fernández Gutiérrez Rosa
- Fernández Martín Sarai
- Forner Jiménez Irene
- Galiano Aragón Andrea
- Gallego Martín Liliana
- García Acedo Eva
- García González Laura
- García Quero Sandra
- Gaspar Alcaraz Arancha
- González Claros Olga
- González Martínez Esther
- Granados Castillo Beatriz
- Gómez Brabadilla Laura
- Herrera Aguilar Andrea
- Hurley Sophie Ann
- Hurtado Angulo Yenny Marleny
- Jaime Solero Patricia
- Jiménez de la Rubia María
- Jiménez Gómez Laura
- Jiménez Infante Ana María
- Jiménez Lovillo Alba
- Jiménez Rodríguez Celia
- Lara Martínez Pilar
- León Galindo Laura
- López Rodríguez Carmen
- Mancilla Agüera Anabel
- Moreno Madueño Laura
- Postigo López Cristina
- Quiñones Valencia María Belén
- Vázquez Madera Ana
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
Este libro pretende contribuir al reencuentro de la educación con esas finalidades que verdaderamente importan a una niña o un niño: ser feliz, jugar, vivir juntos y (no) aprender. Para ello hemos puesto el arte, nuestras experiencias y el saber acumulado al servicio del disfrute, el cuestionamiento, el análisis crítico y la construcción común de un presente deseable. Un texto colaborativo coordinado por Ignacio Calderón Almendros y realizado por alumnado de Educación y Cambio Social en el Grado en Educación Infantil de la Universidad de Málaga
Volteando la tortilla. Género y maíz en la alimentación actual de México.
- Author
- Acuña Rodarte Blanca Olivia
- Ayala Carrillo María del Rosario
- Benítez Arciniega Alejandra D.
- Campos Hernández Eleuterio
- Carreto Guadarrama Fernando
- Castañeda Salgado Martha Patricia
- Castañeda Zavala Yolanda
- Cárdenas Marcelo Alma Lilí
- Diego Quintana Roberto
- Espinoza Ortega Angélica
- Fernández Zarza Mario
- Flores Palacios Fátima
- Flores Sánchez Diego
- García Maldonado Katia Yetzani
- Guzmán Márquez María del Carmen
- López Moreno Ignacio
- Martínez Corona Beatriz
- Martínez López Liliana
- Massieu Trigo Yolanda Cristina
- Mercado García Leidi Rocío
- Moctezuma Pérez Sergio
- Morales González Lizbeth
- Munguía Aldama Josefina
- Núñez Espinoza Juan Felipe
- Ortega Ortega Tomás
- Rincón Rubio Ana Gabriela
- Rodríguez Cabrera Verónica
- Rubio Herrera Amada
- Salguero Velázquez Alejandra
- Sesia Paola
- Sánchez Vega Laura Patricia
- Talavera Martínez Irene N.
- Tena Guerrero Olivia
- Thomé Ortiz Humberto
- Torres Beltrán Xóchitl Karina
- Vizcarra Bordi Ivonne
- Vázquez García Verónica
- Zapata Martelo Emma
- Publication venue
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Juan Pablos Editor, S.A.
- Publication date
- 30/04/2020
- Field of study
Ante escenarios complejos, patriarcales y desoladores que dejan ver el neoliberalismo, la globalización agroalimentaria, el calentamiento global y las contaminaciones de granos nativos por la imposición de transgénicos, nos cuestionamos si existen algunas alternativas para preservar el maíz nativo como un recurso multiestratégico (alimentario, económico, cultural, ecológico y tecnológico) tomando en cuenta las condiciones actuales de desigualdades sociales de género, etnia, clases y edad que predominan en el campo mexicano. Para responder a algunos cuestionamientos, este libro presenta algunas alternativas a través de diversas experiencias femeninas y de relaciones de género en torno al maíz y la alimentación. Todas ellas muestran que es posible construir una masa crítica para salvaguardar el maíz nativo bajo esas condiciones desoladoras, pero siempre y cuando se “voltee la tortilla”, metáfora que da pie al inicio de otra realidad humanizada y en sincronía con la naturaleza.Proyecto realizado con financiamiento Conacy
Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Afzal Shoaib
- Agdeppa Imelda A
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmed Soheir H
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Aitmurzaeva Gulmira
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Nsour Mohannad
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M
- Al-Othman Amani Rashed
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Allin Kristine
- Alvarez-Pedrerol Mar
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N
- Amiri Parisa
- Amougou Norbert
- Amouyel Philippe
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A
- Angquist Lars
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araujo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K
- Assuncao Maria Cecilia F
- Aung May Soe
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdicova Maria
- Azevedo Ana
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Babu Bontha V
- Baharudin Azli
- Bahijri Suhad
- Baker Jennifer L
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas Jose R
- Baran Joanna
- Barbagallo Carlo M
- Barcelo Alberto
- Barkat Amina
- Barros Aluisio JD
- Barros Mauro Virgilio Gomes
- Basit Abdul
- Bastos Joao Luiz D
- Bata Iqbal
- Batieha Anwar M
- Batista Rosangela L
- Battakova Zhamilya
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Baur Louise A
- Beaglehole Robert
- Bebakar Wan Mohamad Wan
- Bel-Serrat Silvia
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Ben Romdhane Habiba
- Benedics Judith
- Benet Mikhail
- Bennett James E
- Bennett James E
- Bentham James
- Bergh Ingunn Holden
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bernotiene Gailute
- Bettiol Heloisa
- Bezerra Jorge
- Bhagyalaxmi Aroor
- Bharadwaj Sumit
- Bhargava Santosh K
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
- Bi Hongsheng
- Bi Yufang
- Bia Daniel
- Bikbov Mukharram M
- Bista Bihungum
- Bixby Honor
- Bjelica Dusko J
- Bjerregaard Peter
- Bjertness Espen
- Bjertness Marius B
- Bjorkelund Cecilia
- Black Robert
- Bloch Katia V
- Blokstra Anneke
- Bo Simona
- Bobak Martin
- Boddy Lynne M
- Boehm Bernhard O
- Boeing Heiner
- Boggia Jose G
- Bogova Elena
- Boissonnet Carlos P
- Bojesen Stig E
- Boker Lital Keinan
- Bonaccio Marialaura
- Bongard Vanina
- Bonilla-Vargas Alice
- Bopp Matthias
- Borghs Herman
- Bovet Pascal
- Braeckevelt Lien
- Braeckman Lutgart
- Bragt Marjolijn CE
- Brajkovich Imperia
- Branca Francesco
- Braunerova Radka Taxova
- Breckenkamp Juergen
- Breda Joao
- Brenner Hermann
- Brewster Lizzy M
- Brian Garry R
- Brinduse Lacramioara
- Brophy Sinead
- Bruno Graziella
- Bueno-de-Mesquita H Bas
- Bugge Anna
- Buoncristiano Marta
- Burazeri Genc
- Burns Con
- Cacciottolo Joseph
- Cadena Leticia Hernandez
- Cai Hui
- Cama Tilema
- Cameron Christine
- Camolas Jose
- Can Gunay
- Candido Ana Paula C
- Canete Felicia
- Capanzana Mario V
- Capkova Nadezda
- Capuano Eduardo
- Capuano Vincenzo
- Cardol Marloes
- Cardoso Viviane C
- Carlsson Axel C
- Carmuega Esteban
- Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M
- Carvalho Joana
- Casajus Jose A
- Casanueva Felipe F
- Celikcan Ertugrul
- Censi Laura
- Cervantes-Loaiza Marvin
- Cesar Juraci A
- Chamukuttan Snehalatha
- Chan Angelique W
- Chan Queenie
- Chaturvedi Himanshu K
- Chaturvedi Nish
- Chen Chien-Jen
- Chen Fangfang
- Chen Huashuai
- Chen Shuohua
- Chen Zhengming
- Cheng Ching-Yu
- Cheraghian Bahman
- Chetrit Angela
- Chikova-Iscener Ekaterina
- Chinh Nguyen Huu
- Chiolero Arnaud
- Chiou Shu-Ti
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirlaque Maria-Dolores
- Cho Belong
- Christensen Kaare
- Christofaro Diego G
- Chudek Jerzy
- Cifkova Renata
- Cilia Michelle
- Cinteza Eliza
- Cisneros Julio Zuniga
- Claessens Frank
- Clarke Janine
- Clays Els
- Cohen Emmanuel
- Concin Hans
- Confortin Susana C
- Cooper Cyrus
- Coppinger Tara C
- Corpeleijn Eva
- Costanzo Simona
- Cottel Dominique
- Cowan Melanie J
- Cowell Chris
- Craig Cora L
- Crampin Amelia C
- Crujeiras Ana B
- Csilla Semanova
- Cucu Alexandra M
- Cui Liufu
- Cureau Felipe V
- D'Arrigo Graziella
- d'Orsi Eleonora
- da Silva Bruna Goncalves Cordeiro
- Dacica Liliana
- Dallongeville Jean
- Damasceno Albertino
- Damsgaard Camilla T
- Danaei Goodarz
- Danaei Goodarz
- Dankner Rachel
- Dantoft Thomas M
- Dasgupta Parasmani
- Dastgiri Saeed
- Dauchet Luc
- Davletov Kairat
- De Backer Guy
- De Bacquer Dirk
- de Gaetano Giovanni
- De Henauw Stefaan
- de Leon Antonio Cabrera
- de Oliveira Paula Duarte
- de Paiva Karina Mary
- De Ridder David
- De Ridder Karin
- de Rooij Susanne R
- De Smedt Delphine
- de Souza Rildo
- de Wit Tobias F Rinke
- Deepa Mohan
- Deev Alexander D
- DeGennaro Vincent
- Dehghan Abbas
- Delisle Helene
- Delpeuch Francis
- Demarest Stefaan
- Dennison Elaine
- Deren Katarzyna
- Deschamps Valerie
- Dhana Klodian
- Dhimal Meghnath
- Di Castelnuovo Augusto F
- Di Cesare Mariachiara
- Dias-da-Costa Juvenal Soares
- Diaz Alejandro
- Diaz-Sanchez Maria Elena
- Dika Zivka
- Djalalinia Shirin
- Djordjic Visnja
- Do Ha TP
- Dobson Annette J
- Donati Maria Benedetta
- Donfrancesco Chiara
- Donoso Silvana P
- Doring Angela
- Dorobantu Maria
- Dorosty Ahmad Reza
- Doua Kouamelan
- Drygas Wojciech
- Duan Jia Li
- Duante Charmaine A
- Duboz Priscilla
- Duda Rosemary B
- Duleva Vesselka
- Dulskiene Virginija
- Dumith Samuel C
- Dushpanova Anar
- Dzerve Vilnis
- Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk Elzbieta
- Eddie Ricky
- Eftekhar Ebrahim
- Egbagbe Eruke E
- Eggertsen Robert
- Eghtesad Sareh
- Eiben Gabriele
- Ekelund Ulf
- El Ati Jalila
- El-Khateeb Mohammad
- Eldemire-Shearer Denise
- Eliasen Marie
- Elliott Paul
- Engle-Stone Reina
- Enguerran Macia
- Erasmus Rajiv T
- Erbel Raimund
- Erem Cihangir
- Eriksen Louise
- Eriksson Johan G
- Escobedo-de la Pena Jorge
- Eslami Saeid
- Esmaeili Ali
- Evans Alun
- Ezzati Majid
- Faeh David
- Fakhretdinova Albina A
- Fall Caroline H
- Faramarzi Elnaz
- Farjam Mojtaba
- Farzadfar Farshad
- Fattahi Mohammad Reza
- Fawwad Asher
- Felix-Redondo Francisco J
- Ferguson Trevor S
- Fernandes Romulo A
- Fernandez-Berges Daniel
- Ferrante Daniel
- Ferrao Thomas
- Ferrari Marika
- Ferrario Marco M
- Ferreccio Catterina
- Ferrer Eldridge
- Ferrieres Jean
- Figueiro Thamara Hubler
- Fijalkowska Anna
- Fink Gunther
- Fischer Krista
- Foger Bernhard
- Foo Leng Huat
- Forsner Maria
- Fouad Heba M
- Francis Damian K
- Franco Maria do Carmo
- Franco Oscar H
- Frikke-Schmidt Ruth
- Frontera Guillermo
- Fuchs Flavio D
- Fuchs Sandra C
- Fujiati Isti I
- Fujita Yuki
- Fumihiko Matsuda
- Furusawa Takuro
- Gaciong Zbigniew
- Gafencu Mihai
- Galbarczyk Andrzej
- Galenkamp Henrike
- Galeone Daniela
- Galfo Myriam
- Galvano Fabio
- Gao Jingli
- Garba Jamila Abubakar
- Garcia-de-la-Hera Manoli
- Garcia-Solano Marta
- Gareta Dickman
- Garnett Sarah P
- Gaspoz Jean-Michel
- Gasull Magda
- Gaya Adroaldo Cesar Araujo
- Gaya Anelise Reis
- Gazzinelli Andrea
- Gehring Ulrike
- Geiger Harald
- Geleijnse Johanna M
- Ghaffar Suhaila Abdul
- Ghanbari Ali
- Ghasemi Erfan
- Gheorghe-Fronea Oana-Florentina
- Giampaoli Simona
- Gianfagna Francesco
- Gill Tiffany K
- Giovannelli Jonathan
- Gironella Glen
- Giwercman Aleksander
- Gkiouras Konstantinos
- Godos Justyna
- Gogen Sibel
- Goldsmith Rebecca A
- Goltzman David
- Gomez Santiago F
- Gomula Aleksandra
- Goncalves Helen
- Gonzalez Angel R
- Gonzalez-Chica David A
- Gonzalez-Gross Marcela
- Gonzalez-Leon Margot
- Gonzalez-Rivas Juan P
- Gonzalez-Villalpando Clicerio
- Gonzalez-Villalpando Maria-Elena
- Gottrand Frederic
- Graca Antonio Pedro
- Graff-Iversen Sidsel
- Grafnetter Dusan
- Grajda Aneta
- Grammatikopoulou Maria G
- Gregg Edward W
- Gregor Ronald D
- Grodzicki Tomasz
- Groholt Else Karin
- Grontved Anders
- Grosso Giuseppe
- Gruden Gabriella
- Gu Dongfeng
- Gualdi-Russo Emanuela
- Guallar-Castillon Pilar
- Gualtieri Andrea
- Gudmundsson Elias F
- Gudnason Vilmundur
- Guerrero Ramiro
- Guessous Idris
- Guimaraes Andre L
- Gulliford Martin C
- Gunnlaugsdottir Johanna
- Gunter Marc J
- Guo Xiu-Hua
- Guo Yin
- Gupta Prakash C
- Gupta Rajeev
- Gureje Oye
- Gurzkowska Beata
- Gutierrez Laura
- Gutierrez-Gonzalez Enrique
- Gutzwiller Felix
- Ha Seongjun
- Hadaegh Farzad
- Hadjigeorgiou Charalambos A
- Haghshenas Rosa
- Hakimi Hamid
- Halkjaer Jytte
- Hambleton Ian R
- Hamzeh Behrooz
- Hange Dominique
- Hanif Abu AM
- Hantunen Sari
- Hashemi-Shahri Seyed Mohammad
- Hassapidou Maria
- Hata Jun
- Haugsgjerd Teresa
- Hayes Alison J
- He Jiang
- He Yuan
- He Yuna
- Heidinger-Felso Regina
- Heinen Mirjam
- Hejgaard Tatjana
- Hendriks Marleen Elisabeth
- Henrique Rafael dos Santos
- Henriques Ana
- Herrala Sauli
- Herrera Victor M
- Herter-Aeberli Isabelle
- Heshmat Ramin
- Hill Allan G
- Ho Sai Yin
- Ho Suzanne C
- Hoang Van Minh
- Hobbs Michael
- Hofman Albert
- Holdsworth Michelle
- Homayounfar Reza
- Homs Clara
- Hopman Wilma M
- Horimoto Andrea RVR
- Hormiga Claudia M
- Horta Bernardo L
- Houti Leila
- Howitt Christina
- Htet Aung Soe
- Htike Maung Maung Than
- Hu Yonghua
- Huerta Jose Maria
- Huhtaniemi Ilpo Tapani
- Husseini Abdullatif
- Huybrechts Inge
- Hwalla Nahla
- Hyska Jolanda
- Iacoviello Licia
- Ibarluzea Jesus M
- Ibrahim Mohsen M
- Ikeda Nayu
- Ikram M Arfan
- Ioannidou Eliza Markidou
- Iotova Violeta
- Irazola Vilma E
- Ishida Takafumi
- Islam Muhammad
- Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
- Iurilli Maria LC
- Iwasaki Masanori
- Jackson Rod T
- Jacobs Jeremy M
- Jaddou Hashem Y
- Jafar Tazeen
- James Kenneth
- Jamil Kazi M
- Jamrozik Konrad
- Janszky Imre
- Janus Edward
- Jarani Juel
- Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta
- Jasienska Grazyna
- Jelakovic Ana
- Jelakovic Bojan
- Jennings Garry
- Jerome Charles Sossa
- Jha Anjani Kumar
- Jiang Chao Qiang
- Jimenez Ramon O
- Jockel Karl-Heinz
- Joffres Michel
- Johansson Mattias
- Jokelainen Jari J
- Jonas Jost B
- Jonsson Kenisha Russell
- Jorgensen Maja Baeksgaard
- Jorgensen Torben
- Joshi Pradeep
- Joukar Farahnaz
- Jovic Dragana P
- Jozwiak Jacek J
- Junior Wanderley
- Juolevi Anne
- Jurak Gregor
- Juresa Vesna
- Kaaks Rudolf
- Kaducu Felix O
- Kafatos Anthony
- Kajantie Eero O
- Kalmatayeva Zhanna
- Kalter-Leibovici Ofra
- Kameli Yves
- Kanala Kodanda R
- Kannan Srinivasan
- Kapantais Efthymios
- Karki Khem B
- Katibeh Marzieh
- Katz Joanne
- Katzmarzyk Peter T
- Kauhanen Jussi
- Kaur Prabhdeep
- Kavousi Maryam
- Kazakbaeva Gyulli M
- Keil Ulrich
- Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi Sirkka
- Kelishadi Roya
- Kelleher Cecily
- Kemper Han CG
- Kengne Andre P
- Kengne Andre P
- Keramati Maryam
- Kerimkulova Alina
- Kersting Mathilde
- Key Timothy
- Khader Yousef Saleh
- Khalili Davood
- Khang Young-Ho
- Khang Young-Ho
- Khanh Le Nguyen Bao
- Khaw Kay-Tee
- Kheiri Bahareh
- Kheradmand Motahareh
- Khosravi Alireza
- Khouw Ilse MSL
- Khuong Quynh Long
- Kiechl Stefan
- Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Ursula
- Killewo Japhet
- Kim Dong Wook
- Kim Hyeon Chang
- Kim Jeongseon
- Kindblom Jenny M
- Klakk Heidi
- Klimek Magdalena
- Klimont Jeannette
- Klumbiene Jurate
- Knoflach Michael
- Koirala Bhawesh
- Kolle Elin
- Kolsteren Patrick
- Konig Jurgen
- Korpelainen Raija
- Korrovits Paul
- Korzycka Magdalena
- Kos Jelena
- Koskinen Seppo
- Kouda Katsuyasu
- Kovacs Viktoria A
- Kowlessur Sudhir
- Koziel Slawomir
- Kratzer Wolfgang
- Kriemler Susi
- Kristensen Peter Lund
- Krokstad Steiner
- Kromhout Daan
- Krtalic Branimir
- Kruger Herculina S
- Kubinova Ruzena
- Kuciene Renata
- Kujala Urho M
- Kujundzic Enisa
- Kulaga Zbigniew
- Kumar R Krishna
- Kumar Rachakulla Hari
- Kunesova Marie
- Kurjata Pawel
- Kusuma Yadlapalli S
- Kuulasmaa Kari
- Kyobutungi Catherine
- Laamiri Fatima Zahra
- Laatikainen Tiina
- Lachat Carl
- Laid Youcef
- Lam Tai Hing
- Lambrinou Christina-Paulina
- Landais Edwige
- Lanska Vera
- Lappas Georg
- Larijani Bagher
- Latt Tint Swe
- Lauria Laura
- Laxmaiah Avula
- Laxmaiah Avula
- Lazo-Porras Maria
- Le Port Agnes
- Le Tuyen D
- Lee Jeannette
- Lee Jeonghee
- Lee Paul H
- Lehmann Nils
- Lehtimaki Terho
- Lele Elysee Claude Bika
- Lemogoum Daniel
- Levitt Naomi S
- Li Yanping
- Liivak Merike
- Lilly Christa L
- Lim Wei-Yen
- Lima-Costa M Fernanda
- Lin Hsien-Ho
- Lin Xu
- Lin Yi-Ting
- Lind Lars
- Linneberg Allan
- Lissner Lauren
- Litwin Mieczyslaw
- Liu Jing
- Liu Lijuan
- Lo Wei-Cheng
- Loit Helle-Mai
- Lopes Luis
- Lopes Oscar
- Lopez Tania
- Lopez-Garcia Esther
- Lotufo Paulo A
- Lozano Jose Eugenio
- Lukrafka Janice L
- Luksiene Dalia
- Lundqvist Annamari
- Lundqvist Robert
- Lunet Nuno
- Lunogelo Charles
- Lustigova Michala
- Luszczki Edyta
- Ma Guansheng
- Ma Jun
- Ma Xu
- Machado-Coelho George LL
- Machado-Rodrigues Aristides M
- Machi Suka
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- Rakhmatulloev Sherali
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- Ramachandran Ambady
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- Sobngwi Eugene
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- Wade Alisha N
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- Waldhor Thomas
- Walton Janette
- Wambiya Elvis OA
- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Xiangjun
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S Goya
- Wareham Nicholas
- Weber Adelheid
- Wedderkopp Niels
- Weerasekera Deepa
- Weghuber Daniel
- Wei Wenbin
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- Whincup Peter H
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S
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- Wilks Rainford J
- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
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- Wilsgaard Tom
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- Wong Andrew
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- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C
- Wu Jianfeng
- Wu Li Juan
- Wu Shouling
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yamborisut Uruwan
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yardim Nazan
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Ye Xingwang
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You Qi Sheng
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O
- Yusof Safiah Md
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zaccagni Luciana
- Zafiropulos Vassilis
- Zainuddin Ahmad A
- Zainuddin Ahmad A
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zamrazilova Hana
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zargar Abdul Hamid
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Luxia
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Ming-Hui
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Wei
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Dan
- Zocalo Yanina
- Zuziak Monika
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults
- Author
- Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Abdul Basit
- Abdul Hamid Zargar
- Abdullah Alkandari
- Abdullatif Husseini
- Abhijit Sen
- Abla M Sibai
- Abu Am Hanif
- Adela Chirita-Emandi
- Adelheid Weber
- Adetoyeje Y Oyeyemi
- Adewale L Oyeyemi
- Adolfo Rubinstein
- Adoubi Kassi Anicet
- Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya
- Afshin Ostovar
- Agnes L Kadvan
- Agneta Sjöberg
- Agneta Yngve
- Agnès Le Port
- Agustinus Soemantri
- Agustín Perez-Londoño
- Ahmad A Zainuddin
- Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff
- Ahmad Reza Dorosty
- Ahmed A Madar
- Aida Pilav
- Aïcha Soumaré
- Akaninyene Otu
- Akihiro Yoshihara
- Akkumis Salhanova
- Akram Pourshams
- Ala'a Alkerwi
- Alain Morejon
- Alanna G da Silva
- Albertino Damasceno
- Alberto Barceló
- Alberto Palloni
- Albina A Fakhretdinova
- Alejandro Diaz
- Aleksander Giwercman
- Aleksandra Gomula
- Aleksandra Piwonska
- Alessandro Gialluisi
- Aletta E Schutte
- Alexander D Deev
- Alexandra M Cucu
- Alexandre C Pereira
- Alfonso Siani
- Alfonso Sousa-Poza
- Ali Ahmadi
- Ali Akbar Shayesteh
- Ali Esmaeili
- Ali Ghanbari
- Ali Reza Safarpour
- Alice Bonilla-Vargas
- Alicia Matijasevich
- Alina G Platonova
- Alina Kerimkulova
- Aline Meirhaeghe
- Aline P Batista
- Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam
- Alireza Khosravi
- Alireza Moslem
- Alireza Sadjadi
- Alisha N Wade
- Alison J Hayes
- Alison J Price
- Allan G Hill
- Allan Linneberg
- Almaz Sharman
- Altan Onat
- Aluisio Jd Barros
- Alun Evans
- Amalia De Curtis
- Amanda G Thrift
- Amanda J Cross
- Amaneh Shayanrad
- Ambady Ramachandran
- Amelia C Crampin
- Amina Barkat
- Amir Houshang Mehrparvar
- Amirabbas Momenan
- Ana Azevedo
- Ana B Crujeiras
- Ana Barradas-Pires
- Ana Carolina Mgn de Sá
- Ana D González-Alvarez
- Ana Henriques
- Ana I Rito
- Ana Jelaković
- Ana Maria B Menezes
- Ana P Ortiz
- Ana Paula C Cândido
- Anabela Mota-Pinto
- Anar Dushpanova
- Anastasia Markaki
- Anders Grøntved
- Andre L Guimaraes
- Andre P Kengne
- Andrea Gazzinelli
- Andrea Gualtieri
- Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez
- Andrea Rvr Horimoto
- Andrea Schneider
- Andrea Y Rodríguez
- Andrea Zentai
- Andreas Stang
- Andreia N Pizarro
- Andrew Kingston
- Andrew Reynolds
- Andrew Wong
- Andrzej Galbarczyk
- Andrzej Pająk
- Andrzej Więcek
- Anelise Reis Gaya
- Aneta Grajda
- Aneta Weres
- Anette Varbo
- Angel R Gonzalez
- Angela Chetrit
- Angela Döring
- Angela Spinelli
- Angelika Schaffrath Rosario
- Angelique Chan
- Angélica M Ochoa-Avilés
- Anie Marcil
- Anil Poudyal
- Anja L Madsen
- Anja Schienkiewitz
- Anna Bartosiewicz
- Anna Bugge
- Anna Fijalkowska
- Anna Jansson
- Anna V Alieva
- Annamari Lundqvist
- Anne A Bjerregaard
- Anne Chinnock
- Anne Juolevi
- Anne Taylor
- Anne Tjonneland
- Anneke Blokstra
- Annette J Dobson
- Annette Peters
- Annika Rosengren
- Anthony Kafatos
- Antonia Trichopoulou
- Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
- Antonio Cabrera de León
- Antonio M Silva
- Antonio Mistretta
- Antonio Pedro Graça
- Antonio Prista
- Antonis Zampelas
- Antonisamy Belavendra
- Anu Mishra
- Anwar M Batieha
- Archie W Rayner
- Areti Triantafyllou
- Argyro Karakosta
- Ari Voutilainen
- Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues
- Arnaud Chiolero
- Aroor Bhagyalaxmi
- Arsalan Khaledifar
- Artur Mazur
- Arvind Pandey
- Arwa M Alshangiti
- Aryeh D Stein
- Asher Fawwad
- Attilio Rigotti
- Atul Trivedi
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- Novie O Younger-Coleman
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- Rob M van Dam
- Robert Beaglehole
- Robert Eggertsen
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- Robespierre Ribeiro
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- Sareh Eghtesad
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- Sinead Brophy
- Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Slavica Sovic
- Slawomir Koziel
- Snehalatha Chamukuttan
- Sofia K Malyutina
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- Sounnia Mediene Benchekor
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- Srinivasan Kannan
- Stefaan De Henauw
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- Stefan Adela Gabriela
- Stefan Kiechl
- Stefan Rach
- Stefan Savin
- Stefan Söderberg
- Stefania Maggi
- Stefania Toselli
- Stefano Marventano
- Steinar Krokstad
- Stephen T McGarvey
- Steve Botomba
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- Stine Schramm
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- Takafumi Ishida
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- Takuro Furusawa
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- Tamás Csányi
- Tamerlan Rajabov
- Tandi E Matsha
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- Tatyana Slazhnyova
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- Terence W O'Neill
- Teresa Haugsgjerd
- Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Terho Lehtimäki
- Thamara Hubler Figueiró
- Thein Thein Htay
- Themistoklis Tzotzas
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- Thet Thet Mu
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- Tomas Vega
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- Valéria Regecová
- Valérie Deschamps
- Valirie N Agbor
- Valter Barbosa Filho
- Vanessa Rouzier
- Vanina Bongard
- Vasiliki Efthymiou
- Vassilis Zafiropulos
- Vayia Rarra
- Vedrana Sember
- Veikko Salomaa
- Vera Lanska
- Vera Musil
- Veronica Mocanu
- Vesna Juresa
- Vesselka L Duleva
- Victor M Herrera
- Victor Matsudo
- Victor Pf Lhoste
- Victoria E Soto-Rojas
- Victoria Farrugia Sant'Angelo
- Vijaya Lingam
- Viktoria Anna Kovacs
- Viktoriya Furdela
- Vilma E Irazola
- Vilma Kriaucioniene
- Vilmundur Gudnason
- Vilnis Dzerve
- Vinay B Nangia
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- Vincenzo Capuano
- Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Violeta Iotova
- Virginija Dulskiene
- Virgílio V Ramires
- Visnja Djordjic
- Viswanathan Mohan
- Viviana Guajardo
- Viviane C Cardoso
- Vladimir Kutsenko
- Wafaie W Fawzi
- Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar
- Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud
- Wei Zheng
- Wei-Cheng Lo
- Wei-Yen Lim
- Weili Yan
- Wen-Harn Pan
- Wenbin Wei
- Wendy Van Lippevelde
- Wenhua Zhao
- Wichai Aekplakorn
- Willem A Hanekom
- William A Neal
- William R Tebar
- Wilma M Hopman
- Winsome R Parnell
- Wm Monique Verschuren
- Wojciech Drygas
- Wojciech Rusek
- Wolfgang Ahrens
- Wolfgang Kratzer
- Xenophon Theodoridis
- Xiangjun Wang
- Xiaoguang Yang
- Xiaotian Liu
- Ximena Berrios Carrasola
- Xinyi Gwee
- Xiu-Hua Guo
- Xu Lin
- Xu Ma
- Xueling Sim
- Xun Tang
- Ya Xing Wang
- Yadlapalli S Kusuma
- Yajaira Briceño
- Yang Yang
- Yanhui Dong
- Yanina Zocalo
- Yanitsa V Zhecheva
- Yannis Manios
- Yanping Li
- Yemane Berhane
- Yeunsook Rho
- Yeva Movsesyan
- Yi Song
- Yi Zeng
- Yih Chung Tham
- Yiling J Cheng
- Yin Guo
- Ying-Wei Wang
- Yingfeng Zheng
- Yn-Tz Sung
- Yong Tao
- Yonghua Hu
- Yosef Farzi
- Yoto Yotov
- Youcef Laid
- Young-Ho Khang
- Yousef Saleh Khader
- Yu-Ling Yu
- Yuan He
- Yufang Bi
- Yuki Fujita
- Yulia Balanova
- Yuliya V Solovieva
- Yuna He
- Yunjiang Yu
- Yury P Nikitin
- Yves Kameli
- Yves Martin-Prevel
- Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Zahra Mohammadi
- Zbigniew Gaciong
- Zbigniew Kulaga
- Zengchang Pang
- Zhamilya Battakova
- Zhamyila Usupova
- Zhanna Kalmatayeva
- Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Zhengming Chen
- Ziad A Abdeen
- Zivka Dika
- Zlatko Fras
- Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Zulfiya Abdurrahmonova
- Zumin Shi
- Łukasz Kryst
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/03/2024
- Field of study
Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We
estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from
1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories.
Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and
weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate
trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children
and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the
individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference)
and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median).
Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in
11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed
changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and
140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of
underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and
countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior
probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse
was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of
thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a
posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%)
with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and
obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for
both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such
as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged
children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls
in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and
42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents,
the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining
underweight or thinness.
Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an
increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy
nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of
underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit
Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi Mohammad
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasifard Mitra
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd El Razek Hassan Magdy
- Abd El Razek Muhammed Magdy
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi
- Abdullah Kanaan Hamagharib
- Abedi Aidin
- Abedi Parisa
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abosetugn Akine Eshete
- Aboyans Victor
- Abrams Elissa M.
- Abreu Lucas Guimaraes
- Abrigo Michael R. M.
- Abu Haimed Abdulaziz Khalid
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Acebedo Alyssa
- Ackerman Ilana N.
- Adabi Maryam
- Adair Tim
- Adamu Abdu A.
- Adebayo Oladimeji M.
- Adedeji Isaac Akinkunmi
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adelson Jaimie D.
- Adeoye Abiodun Moshood
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
- Adham Davoud
- Advani Shailesh M.
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afshari Mahdi
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agardh Emilie E.
- Agarwal Gina
- Agasthi Pradyumna
- Agesa Kareha M.
- Aghaali Mohammad
- Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
- Agrawal Anurag
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Alireza
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadi Mehdi
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmadpour Ehsan
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Aji Budi
- Akalu Temesgen Yihunie
- Akinyemi Rufus Olusola
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akombi Blessing
- Akunna Chisom Joyqueenet
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa M.
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Noore
- Alam Samiah
- Alam Tahiya
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M.
- Albertson Samuel B.
- Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth
- Alema Niguse Meles
- Alemu Biresaw Wassihun
- Alemu Yihun Mulugeta
- Alhabib Khalid F.
- Alhassan Robert Kaba
- Ali Muhammad
- Ali Saqib
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alijanzadeh Mehran
- Alinia Cyrus
- Alipour Vahid
- Alizade Hesam
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alla Francois
- Allebeck Peter
- Almadi Majid Abdulrahman Hamad
- Almasi Ali
- Almasi-Hashiani Amir
- Almasri Nihad A.
- Almulhim Abdulaziz M.
- Alonso Jordi
- Altirkawi Khalid A.
- Alumran Arwa Khalid
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Alvis-Zakzuk Nelson J.
- Amare Azmeraw T.
- Amare Bekalu
- Amini Saeed
- Amini-Rarani Mostafa
- Aminorroaya Arya
- Amiri Fatemeh
- Amit Arianna Maever L.
- Amugsi Dickson A.
- Amul Gianna Gayle Herrera
- Anbesu Etsay Woldu
- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderlini Deanna
- Anderson Jason A.
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Andrei Tudorel
- Androudi Sofia
- Angus Colin
- Anjomshoa Mina
- Ansari Fereshteh
- Ansari Iman
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Antonazzo Ippazio Cosimo
- Antonio Carl Abelardo T.
- Antony Catherine M.
- Antriyandarti Ernoiz
- Anvari Davood
- Anwer Razique
- Appiah Seth Christopher Yaw
- Arab-Zozani Morteza
- Arabloo Jalal
- Aravkin Aleksandr Y.
- Arba Aseb Arba Kinfe
- Aremu Olatunde
- Ariani Filippo
- Aripov Timur
- Armoon Bahram
- Arnlov Johan
- Arowosegbe Oluwaseyi Olalekan
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Arzani Afsaneh
- Asaad Malke
- Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran
- Asadi-Pooya Ali A.
- Asgari Samaneh
- Asghari Babak
- Ashbaugh Charlie
- Assmus Michael
- Atafar Zahra
- Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
- Atnafu Desta Debalkie
- Atout Maha Moh'd Wahbi
- Atre Sachin R.
- Atteraya Madhu Sudhan
- Ausloos Floriane
- Ausloos Marcel
- Avila-Burgos Leticia
- Avokpaho Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur
- Ayano Getinet
- Ayanore Martin Amogre
- Aynalem Getie Lake
- Aynalem Yared Asmare
- Ayza Muluken Altaye
- Azari Samad
- Azarian Ghasem
- Azene Zelalem Nigussie
- Azhar Gulrez
- Azzopardi Peter S.
- Babaee Ebrahim
- Badawi Alaa
- Badiye Ashish D.
- Bagherzadeh Mojtaba
- Bagli Eleni
- Bahrami Mohammad Amin
- Baig Atif Amin
- Bairwa Mohan
- Bakhshaei Mohammad Hossein
- Bakhtiari Ahad
- Bakkannavar Shankar M.
- Balachandran Arun
- Balakrishnan Senthilkumar
- Balalla Shivanthi
- Balassyano Shelly
- Baldasseroni Alberto
- Bali Ahmed Omar
- Ball Kylie
- Ballew Shoshana H.
- Balzi Daniela
- Banach Maciej
- Bandpei Mohammad A. Mohseni
- Banerjee Srikanta K.
- Banik Palash Chandra
- Bannick Marlena S.
- Bante Agegnehu Bante
- Bante Simachew Animen
- Baraki Adhanom Gebreegziabher
- Barboza Miguel A.
- Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn
- Barnighausen Till Winfried
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- Yu Yong
- Yuan Chun-Wei
- Yuce Deniz
- Yusefzadeh Hasan
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- Zahabi Saleh Salehi
- Zaidi Syed Saoud
- Zaki Leila
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- Zakzuk Josefina
- Zamani Mohammad
- Zamanian Maryam
- Zandian Hamed
- Zangeneh Alireza
- Zarafshan Hadi
- Zastrozhin Mikhail Sergeevich
- Zewdie Kaleab Alemayehu
- Zhang Jianrong
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhi-Jiang
- Zhao Jeff T.
- Zhao Xiu-Ju George
- Zhao Yingxi
- Zheleva Bistra
- Zheng Peng
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Cong
- Ziapour Arash
- Zimsen Stephanie R. M.
- Zlavog Bianca S.
- Zodpey Sanjay
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens
Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy
- Author
- A Kaldun Nossuli
- Aamir Jamal
- Adalbert Schiller
- Adam Cheifetz
- Adarsh Daswani
- Adeera Levin
- Adline Ghazi
- Adrian Guinsburg
- Adriana Cif
- Adriana Gabriela Onaca
- Adriana Ilavska
- Adriana Villarino
- Agarwal R.
- Agnieszka Starzec
- Ahmed Arif
- Ahmed Awad
- Aiping Yin
- Akimichi Asano
- Alan Jackson
- Alan McMahon
- Alan Perlman
- Alberto Di Carlo
- Alberto Esquenazi
- Alejandra Oviedo
- Alejandro Valdes Depeda
- Aleksandra Kendereski
- Alex Valenzuela
- Alexander Dreval
- Alexander Gonzalez
- Alexander Shinkov
- Alexander Turchin
- Alexandre Klein
- Alfonso Soto Gonzalez
- Alfred Penfornis
- Alfredo Chew Wong
- Alfredo Wassermann
- Ali Torshizi
- Alicia Chilito
- Alina Agafyina
- Alison Dawson
- Alva Hansraj
- Amer Al-Karadsheh
- Amorin Remus Popa
- Amrendra Kumar
- Amy Sprague
- Ana Limos
- Ana Maria Cusumano
- Ana Maria Elosegui
- Anabella Amigo
- Anatoliy Kazmirchuk
- Andrea Phillips
- Andrea Stella
- Andreas Maddux
- Andrej Dzupina
- Andres Alvarisqueta
- Andrew Johnson
- Andrew O'Shaughnessy
- Andrew Steele
- Andrian Yakov
- Andrzej Januszewicz
- Andrzej Madej
- Angelina Angelova
- Anibal Gastaldi
- Anil Gupta
- Anita Bhajan Manocha
- Anjanette Tan
- Anna Kaminska
- Anna Maria Veronelli
- Anna Strzelecka
- Anna Zateyshchikova
- Anselmo Bordonava
- Antanas Navickas
- Anthony Gunstone
- Anthony Roberts
- Antonio Ceriello
- Antonio Galan Serrano
- Antonio Scafuto Scotton
- Antonio Terrelonge
- Antônio Roberto Chacra
- Anupama Gowda
- Arjun D Sinha
- Armando Perez
- Ashot Mkrtumyan
- Atanas Koundurdjiev
- Augusto Vallejos
- Aurelian-Emil Ranetti
- Ayim Akyea-Djamson
- Aysha Badat
- Bakris G.
- Baldev Singh
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- Bompoint S.
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- Fabio Malberti
- Fadi Saba
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- Favio Edmundo Enriquez Sosa
- Fayzal Ahmed
- Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Fernanco Augusto Alves da Costa
- Fernanda Cristina Camelo Sanches
- Fernando Cereto Castro
- Fernando Flores Lozano
- Fernando Jimenez Florez
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- Gabriele von Ingersleben
- Gaetano Serviddio
- Galina Nagibovich
- Gary Meininger
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- Guixia Wang
- Gulam Latiff
- Gustavo Cristian Greloni
- Guy Chouinard
- Gyongyi Csecsei
- Gyorgy Paragh
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- Hans Prozesky
- Harpreet Bajaj
- Hasnain Khandwala
- Hector Rodriguez
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- Henry Watson
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- Hong Zhang
- Hongguang Zheng
- Hongli Lin
- Horacio Sessa
- Hugo Colombo
- Hugo Laviada Molina
- Hugo Roberto Kurtz Lisboa
- Humberto Pavon
- Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Iain MacDougall
- Ian Fraser
- Idalia Acosta
- Ildiko Halmagyi
- In-Kyung Jeong
- Ines Bartolacci
- Ingrid Abrahamsen
- Ingrid Buganova
- Inna Kolesnyk
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- Souhila Ounadjela
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- Stanislaw Mazur
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- Stephen Grubb
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- Steven Fishbane
- Stuart Handelsman
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- Sun Kim
- Sun-Hee Park
- Sunil Sheth
- Susumu Kashine
- Svetlana Goykhman
- Svitlana D Bilyk
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- Sylvia Shaw
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- Sérgio Yamada
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- Takashi Wada
- Takayuki Watanabe
- Tamara Malek Marin
- Tamas Oroszlan
- Tara Chang
- Tareq Nassar
- Tarissa Beatrice Zanata Petry
- Tatiana Koroleva
- Tatiana Morugova
- Tatiana Raskina
- Tatyana Zykova
- Te-Lin Hsia
- Terue Sakakibara
- Tetiana Zlova
- Tetsuji Niiya
- Tetyana Pertseva
- Tiago Schuch
- Timothy Hall
- Tom Christensen
- Tom Greene
- Tomas Drasnar
- Tomas Smith Casabella
- Tonatiu Diaz Escalante
- Toshihiko Yanase
- Toshio Kawada
- Vadym Vizir
- Vanassa Ratnasingam
- Venessa Tsang
- Venkata Behara
- Vera Klokocnikova
- Vera Krane
- Veronica Anghel
- Veselka Genadieva
- Vesna Popovic-Radinovic
- Viacheslav Marasaev
- Victor Commendatore
- Victor Saavedra Gajardo
- Vijayaraman Arutchelvam
- Viktor Margaritov
- Viktor Zaviriukha
- Viktoria Andreeva
- Vimladhevi Govender
- Vincent Pichette
- Vincent Woo
- Vira Tseluyko
- Virginia Esther Visco
- Vivek Sood
- Vivekan Jha
- Vladimir Dobronravov
- Vladimir Khirmanov
- Vladimir Tesar
- Vlado Perkovic
- Volker Burst
- Volodymyr Botsyurko
- Walter Guillermo Douthat
- Walter Pharr
- Wasim Hanif
- Wataru Yumita
- Wayne H-H Sheu
- Wayne Turner
- Wei Yen Kong
- Weihong Song
- Weiping Lu
- Wendy Lane
- Wenge Li
- Wheeler D. C.
- Wladmir Saporito
- Xuemei Li
- Xueqing Yu
- Yamil Canaan
- Yan Ren
- Yannick Le Meur
- Yaozhong Kong
- Yasuro Kumeda
- Yasushi Wakida
- Yavin Y.
- Yeong Hoon Kim
- Yevgeniya Svyshchenko
- Young Min Cho
- Yulia Samoylova
- Yung-Chuan Lu
- Yuriy Mostovoy
- Yuriy Shwartz
- Yvette Ethel Yap
- Zaynab Abejuela
- Zdravko Kamenov
- Zeid Khitan
- Zhang H.
- Zinman B.
- Zishan Ali
- Zuzana Ochodnicka
- Ângela Regina Nazario Sabbag
- Publication venue
- 'Massachusetts Medical Society'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2019
- Field of study
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years
Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019 : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi Mohammad
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasifard Mitra
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abedi Aidin
- Abedi Parisa
- Abegaz Kedir H.
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abosetugn Akine E.
- Aboyans Victor
- Abrams Elissa M.
- Abreu Lucas G.
- Abrigo Michael R. M.
- Abu Haimed Abdulaziz K.
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Raddad Laith J.
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Acebedo Alyssa
- Ackerman Ilana N.
- Adabi Maryam
- Adair Tim
- Adamu Abdu A.
- Adebayo Oladimeji M.
- Adedeji Isaac A.
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adelson Jaimie D.
- Adeoye Abiodun M.
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
- Adham Davoud
- Advani Shailesh M.
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afshari Mahdi
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agardh Emilie E.
- Agarwal Gina
- Agasthi Pradyumna
- Agesa Kareha M.
- Aghaali Mohammad
- Aghamir Seyed M.
- Agrawal Anurag
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Alireza
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- Prakash Sanjay
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- Prasad Narayan
- Preotescu Liliana
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- Quazi Syed Zahiruddin
- Rabiee Mohammad
- Rabiee Navid
- Radfar Amir
- Rafiee Ata
- Rafiei Alireza
- Raggi Alberto
- Rahim Fakher
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- Renzaho Andre M. N. (R17978)
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Øverland Simon
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019.
Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings: The global TFR decreased from 2·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·66–2·79) in 2000 to 2·31 (2·17–2·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134·5 million (131·5–137·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139·6 million (133·0–146·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135·3 million (127·2–144·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27·1% (95% UI 26·4–27·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67·2 years (95% UI 66·8–67·6) in 2000 to 73·5 years (72·8–74·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50·7 million (49·5–51·9) in 2000 to 56·5 million (53·7–59·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9·6 million (9·1–10·3) in 2000 to 5·0 million (4·3–6·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25·7%, from 6·2 billion (6·0–6·3) in 2000 to 7·7 billion (7·5–8·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58·6 years (56·1–60·8) in 2000 to 63·5 years (60·8–66·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019
Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an
- Author
- Aarrestad Thea Klaeboe
- Abbaneo Duccio
- Abbiendi Giovanni
- Abbrescia Marcello
- Abdullin Salavat
- Abdulsalam Abdulla
- Abercrombie Daniel
- Abu Zeid Shimaa
- Ackert Andrew
- Acosta Darin
- Acosta John Gabriel
- Adair Antony
- Adam Wolfgang
- Adams Jordon Rowe
- Adams Mark Raymond
- Adams Todd
- Adzic Petar
- Agapitos Antonis
- Aggleton Robin
- Agram Jean-Laurent
- Ahmad Ashfaq
- Ahmad Muhammad
- Ahmad Muhammad
- Ahmed Ijaz
- Ahuja Sudha
- Akchurin Nural
- Akgun Bora
- Al-bataineh Ayman
- Albergo Sebastiano
- Albert Andreas
- Albrow Michael
- Alcaraz Maestre Juan
- Aldaya Martin Maria
- Alderweireldt Sara
- Aldá Júnior Walter Luiz
- Aleksandrov Aleksandar
- Alexakhin Vadim
- Alexander James
- Alimena Juliette
- Allen Brandon
- Almond John
- Alunni Solestizi Luisa
- Alverson George
- Alves Fábio Lúcio
- Alves Gilvan
- Alyari Maral
- Amapane Nicola
- Amsler Claude
- Anagnostou Georgios
- Anderson Dustin
- Anderson Ian
- Andrea Jeremy
- Andreev Vladimir
- Andreev Yuri
- Andrews Michael Benjamin
- Androsov Konstantin
- Anelli Christopher
- Antonelli Louis
- Antropov Iurii
- Antunovic Zeljko
- Apanasevich Leonard
- Apollinari Giorgio
- Apresyan Artur
- Apyan Aram
- Arcaro Daniel
- Arcidiacono Roberta
- Arenton Michael Wayne
- Argiro Stefano
- Arneodo Michele
- Asavapibhop Burin
- Asawatangtrakuldee Chayanit
- Askew Andrew
- Attikis Alexandros
- Aubin Alexandre
- Auffray Etiennette
- Autermann Christian
- Auzinger Georg
- Avdeeva Ekaterina
- Avery Paul
- Avetisyan Aram
- Avila Carlos
- Azarkin Maksim
- Azhgirey Igor
- Aziz Tariq
- Azzi Patrizia
- Azzolini Virginia
- Azzurri Paolo
- Aşılar Ece
- Baarmand Marc M
- Baber Mark
- Bacchetta Nicola
- Bachmair Felix
- Bachtis Michail
- Baden Drew
- Baffioni Stephanie
- Bagliesi Giuseppe
- Bahinipati Seema
- Baillon Paul
- Bainbridge Robert
- Bakhshiansohi Hamed
- Ball Austin
- Ball Fionn
- Ban Yong
- Banerjee Sudeshna
- Banerjee Sunanda
- Bansal Sunil
- Barbagli Giuseppe
- Barberis Emanuela
- Barbieri Richard
- Bargassa Pedrame
- Baringer Philip
- Barker Anthony
- Barnes Virgil E
- Barney David
- Baron Owen
- Barone Luciano
- Barria Patrizia
- Barrio Luna Mar
- Bartek Rachel
- Barth Christian
- Bartosik Nazar
- Bartók Márton
- Baskakov Alexey
- Battilana Carlo
- Baty Austin
- Bauerdick Lothar AT
- Baumgartel Darin
- Baus Colin
- Bayshev Igor
- Bean Alice
- Beauceron Stephanie
- Beaudette Florian
- Beck Lana
- Beernaert Kelly
- Behera Prafulla Kumar
- Behnamian Hadi
- Behnke Olaf
- Behrens Ulf
- Bein Samuel
- Beirão Da Cruz E Silva Cristóvão
- Belchior Batista Das Chagas Ewerton
- Belforte Stefano
- Beliy Nikita
- Belknap Donald
- Bell Ken W
- Bellan Riccardo
- Belloni Alberto
- Beluffi Camille
- Belyaev Alexander
- Belyaev Andrey
- Benato Lisa
- Bencze Gyorgy
- Bendavid Joshua
- Benelli Gabriele
- Beni Noemi
- Benussi Luigi
- Benvenuti Alberto
- Beranek Sarah
- Beretvas Andrew
- Bergauer Thomas
- Berger Joram
- Beri Suman Bala
- Bernardes Cesar Augusto
- Bernardini Jacopo
- Bernet Colin
- Berry Douglas
- Berry Edmund
- Berryhill Jeffrey
- Bertl Willi
- Besancon Marc
- Betchart Burton
- Betts Russell Richard
- Bhandari Rohan
- Bhardwaj Ashutosh
- Bhat Pushpalatha C
- Bhatnagar Vipin
- Bhattacharya Rajarshi
- Bhattacharya Saptaparna
- Bhattacharya Satyaki
- Bhawandeep Bhawandeep
- Bhopatkar Vallary
- Bhowmik Sandeep
- Bi Ran
- Bialkowska Helena
- Bian Jian-Guo
- Bianchini Lorenzo
- Bianco Stefano
- Bierwagen Katharina
- Biino Cristina
- Bilei Gian Mario
- Bilin Bugra
- Bilki Burak
- Bilmis Selcuk
- Bin Anuar Afiq Aizuddin
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- Bitioukov Sergei
- Blekman Freya
- Blinov Vladimir
- Blobel Volker
- Bloch Daniel
- Bloch Philippe
- Bloom Kenneth
- Bluj Michal
- Blumenfeld Barry
- Boccali Tommaso
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- Bodek Arie
- Boimska Bożena
- Boletti Alessio
- Bolla Gino
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- Boos Edouard
- Boren Samuel
- Bornheim Adolf
- Borras Kerstin
- Bortignon Pierluigi
- Borzou Ahmad
- Bose Tulika
- Botta Cristina
- Boudoul Gaelle
- Bouhali Othmane
- Bourilkov Dimitri
- Bouvier Elvire
- Bowen James
- Bradmiller-Feld John
- Braghieri Alessandro
- Braibant-Giacomelli Sylvie
- Brandstetter Johannes
- Brandt Stephanie
- Branson James G
- Breedon Richard
- Breto Guillermo
- Brew Christopher
- Brianza Luca
- Brigliadori Luca
- Brigljevic Vuko
- Brinkerhoff Andrew
- Brinson Jessica
- Brito Lucas
- Brochero Cifuentes Javier Andres
- Brochet Sébastien
- Brodski Michael
- Brom Jean-Marie
- Brondolin Erica
- Brooke James John
- Brown Robert M
- Brun Hugues
- Bruner Christopher
- Bruno Giacomo
- Buchmuller Oliver
- Bucinskaite Inga
- Bundock Aaron
- Bunkowski Karol
- Bunn Julian
- Buontempo Salvatore
- Burkett Kevin
- Burns Douglas
- Burns Dustin
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- Burton Darren
- Busson Philippe
- Busza Wit
- Butler Joel Nathan
- Butler Philip H
- Buttignol Michael
- Butz Erik
- Bylinkin Alexander
- Bylsma Ben
- Byszuk Adrian
- Bäni Lukas
- Cabrera Andrés
- Cabrillo Iban Jose
- Cadamuro Luca
- Caillol Cécile
- Cakir Altan
- Calabria Cesare
- Calderon De La Barca Sanchez Manuel
- Calderon Alicia
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- Call Kenneth
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- Calpas Betty
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- Calvert Brian
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- Campagnari Claudio
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- Campbell Alan
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- Cankocak Kerem
- Capiluppi Paolo
- Caputo Claudio
- Carlin Roberto
- Carnes Andrew
- Carpinteyro Severiano
- Carrera Jarrin Edgar
- Carrillo Montoya Camilo Andres
- Carrillo Moreno Salvador
- Cartiglia Nicolo
- Carvalho Antunes De Oliveira Alexandra
- Carvalho Wagner
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- Castilla-Valdez Heriberto
- Castiñeiras De Saa Juan Ramon
- Castle James
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- Cepeda Maria
- Cerati Giuseppe Benedetto
- Cerci Salim
- Cerminara Gianluca
- Cerrada Marcos
- Chabert Eric Christian
- Chadeeva Marina
- Chamizo Llatas Maria
- Chang Paoti
- Chang You-Hao
- Chang Yu-Wei
- Chanon Nicolas
- Chao Yuan
- Chaparro Sierra Luisa Fernanda
- Chapon Emilien
- Charaf Otman
- Charlot Claude
- Chatterjee Kalyanmoy
- Chatterjee Rajdeep Mohan
- Chauhan Shubhanshu
- Chauhan Sushil
- Chaves Jorge
- Chawla Ridhi
- Chen Geng
- Chen Guo-Ming
- Chen He-Sheng
- Chen Kai-Feng
- Chen Mingshui
- Chen Po-Hsun
- Chen Ye
- Chen Yi
- Chen Zhenyu
- Chenarani Shirin
- Cheng Tongguang
- Cherepanov Vladimir
- Chertok Maxwell
- Cheung Harry
- Chhibra Simranjit Singh
- Chierici Roberto
- Chinellato Jose
- Chiorboli Massimiliano
- Chistov Ruslan
- Chlebana Frank
- Cho Sungwoong
- Choi Minkyoo
- Choi Suyong
- Choi Young-Il
- Chou John Paul
- Choudhary Brajesh C
- Choudhury Somnath
- Chtchipounov Leonid
- Chu Jennifer
- Chudasama Ruchi
- Chwalek Thorsten
- Ciangottini Diego
- Cieri Davide
- Cihangir Selcuk
- Cimmino Anna
- Ciocci Maria Agnese
- Cipriani Marco
- Cirkovic Predrag
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- Cittolin Sergio
- Ciulli Vitaliano
- Civinini Carlo
- Claes Daniel R
- Clare Robert
- Clarida Warren
- Clarke Christopher
- Clement Emyr
- Clerbaux Barbara
- Cockerill David JA
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- Cooperstein Stephane
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- Corpe Louie
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- Coughlan John A
- Courbon Benoit
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- Cowden Christopher
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- Cumalat John Perry
- Curras Esteban
- Curry David
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- Custódio Analu
- Cutts David
- Czellar Sandor
- D'Alessandro Raffaello
- D'Alfonso Mariarosaria
- D'Enterria David
- D'Hondt Jorgen
- D'imperio Giulia
- Da Silveira Gustavo Gil
- Dabrowski Anne
- Daci Nadir
- Dalchenko Mykhailo
- Dall'Osso Martino
- Dallavalle Gaetano-Marco
- Damarseckin Serdal
- Damgov Jordan
- Danilov Mikhail
- Daponte Vincenzo
- Das Souvik
- Daskalakis Georgios
- Dasu Sridhara
- Dauncey Paul
- David Tinoco Mendes Andre
- Davies Gavin
- Davignon Olivier
- de Barbaro Pawel
- De Boer Wim
- De Bruyn Isabelle
- De Castro Manzano Pablo
- De Cosa Annapaola
- De Filippis Nicola
- De Gruttola Michele
- De Guio Federico
- De Jesus Damiao Dilson
- De La Cruz Begona
- De La Cruz-Burelo Eduard
- De Lentdecker Gilles
- De Mattia Marco
- De Moraes Gregores Eduardo
- De Nardo Guglielmo
- De Oliveira Martins Carley
- De Palma Mauro
- De Remigis Paolo
- De Roeck Albert
- de Trocóniz Jorge F
- De Visscher Simon
- De Wit Adinda
- De Wolf Eddi A
- Degano Alessandro
- Deiters Konrad
- Dejardin Marc
- Del Re Daniele
- Delaere Christophe
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- Delannoy Hugo
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- Diamond Brendan
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- Dierlamm Alexander
- Dietz Charles
- Dietz-Laursonn Erik
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- Eckstein Doris
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- El Mamouni Houmani
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- Ellison John Anthony
- Ellithi Kamel Ali
- Elmer Peter
- Elumakhov Dmitry
- Elvira Victor Daniel
- Elwood Adam
- Eminizer Nicholas
- Endres Matthias
- Eno Sarah Catherine
- Epshteyn Vladimir
- Erbacher Robin
- Erdmann Martin
- Erdmann Wolfram
- Erdweg Sören
- Eren Engin
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- Erö Janos
- Escalante Del Valle Alberto
- Esch Thomas
- Eskandari Tadavani Esmaeel
- Esposito Marco
- Etesami Seyed Mohsen
- Eusebi Ricardo
- Evangelou Ioannis
- Evans Andrew
- Evdokimov Olga
- Everaerts Pieter
- Fabbri Fabrizio
- Fabbri Franco
- Fabbro Bernard
- Fabozzi Francesco
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- Fernandez Bedoya Cristina
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- Fernandez Marcos
- Fernández Ramos Juan Pablo
- Ferraioli Charles
- Ferreira Parracho Pedro Guilherme
- Ferri Federico
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- Field Richard D
- Filipovic Nicolas
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- Ford William T
- Forthomme Laurent
- Foudas Costas
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- Francis Brian
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- Hasegawa Satoshi
- Hassan Qamar
- Hatakeyama Kenichi
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- Haytmyradov Maksat
- Heath Greg P
- Heath Helen F
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- Hoffmann Malte
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- Hohlmann Marcus
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- Holzner André
- Hong Byung-Sik
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- Yilmaz Yetkin
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- You Can
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- Yusli Mohd Nizam
- Zabel James
- Zabi Alexandre
- Zaganidis Nicolas
- Zagoździńska Agnieszka
- Zakaria Mohammed
- Zalewski Piotr
- Zanetti Anna
- Zanetti Marco
- Zarubin Anatoli
- Zeinali Maryam
- Zenoni Florian
- Zenz Seth Conrad
- Zeuner Wolfram Dietrich
- Zevi Della Porta Giovanni
- Zeyrek Mehmet
- Zghiche Amina
- Zhang Fengwangdong
- Zhang Huaqiao
- Zhang Jingyu
- Zhao Jingzhou
- Zhokin Alexander
- Zhu Ren-Yuan
- Zhukov Valery
- Zhukova Victoria
- Zientek Margaret
- Zolkapli Zukhaimira
- Zorbakir Ibrahim Soner
- Zorbilmez Caglar
- Zotto Pierluigi
- Zou David
- Zsigmond Anna Julia
- Zucchetta Alberto
- Zumerle Gianni
- Zuranski Andrzej
- Publication venue
- Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University
- Publication date
- 01/01/2012
- Field of study
Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis
Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon
- Author
- Abbaneo Duccio
- Abbiendi Giovanni
- Abbrescia Marcello
- Abdullin Salavat
- Abdulsalam Abdulla
- Acosta Darin
- Acosta John Gabriel
- Adair Antony
- Adam Wolfgang
- Adams Mark Raymond
- Adams Todd
- Adiguzel Aytul
- Adler Volker
- Adzic Petar
- Afanasiev Serguei
- Agapitos Antonis
- Agram Jean-Laurent
- Ahmad Ashfaq
- Ahmad Muhammad
- Ahuja Sudha
- Akchurin Nural
- Akgun Bora
- Akin Ilina Vasileva
- Albajar Carmen
- Albayrak Elif Asli
- Albergo Sebastiano
- Albrow Michael
- Alcaraz Maestre Juan
- Aldaya Martin Maria
- Alderweireldt Sara
- Aldá Júnior Walter Luiz
- Aleksandrov Aleksandar
- Alexander James
- Alimena Juliette
- Alverson George
- Alves Gilvan
- Amapane Nicola
- Amsler Claude
- Anagnostou Georgios
- Anderson Ian
- Anderson Jacob
- Andrea Jeremy
- Andreev Vladimir
- Andreev Yuri
- Androsov Konstantin
- Antonelli Louis
- Antunovic Zeljko
- Apanasevich Leonard
- Apollinari Giorgio
- Appelt Eric
- Apresyan Artur
- Apyan Aram
- Arcidiacono Roberta
- Arenton Michael Wayne
- Argiro Stefano
- Arneodo Michele
- Arora Sanjay
- Asavapibhop Burin
- Asawatangtrakuldee Chayanit
- Asin Ivan
- Askew Andrew
- Aslanoglou Xenofon
- Assran Yasser
- Ata Metin
- Attikis Alexandros
- Aubin Alexandre
- Auffray Etiennette
- Autermann Christian Tobias
- Auzinger Georg
- Avdeeva Ekaterina
- Avery Paul
- Avetisyan Aram
- Avila Carlos
- Azarkin Maksim
- Azhgirey Igor
- Aziz Tariq
- Azzi Patrizia
- Azzolini Virginia
- Azzurri Paolo
- Baarmand Marc M.
- Baber Mark
- Bacchetta Nicola
- Bachmair Felix
- Bachtis Michail
- Baden Drew
- Baffioni Stephanie
- Bagliesi Giuseppe
- Baillon Paul
- Bainbridge Robert
- Bakhshiansohi Hamed
- Bakirci Mustafa Numan
- Ball Austin
- Ban Yong
- Banerjee Sudeshna
- Banerjee Sunanda
- Bansal Sunil
- Barbagli Giuseppe
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- Barge Derek
- Baringer Philip
- Barker Anthony
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- Barnett Bruce Arnold
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- Battilana Carlo
- Bauerdick Lothar A. T.
- Baumgartel Darin
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- Beauceron Stephanie
- Beaudette Florian
- Beaupere Nicolas
- Beernaert Kelly
- Behnamian Hadi
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- Belknap Donald
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- Sirunyan Albert M.
- Skatchkov Nikolai
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- Skinnari Louise
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- Smith Geoffrey
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- Smith Vincent J.
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- Wood Jeffrey Scott
- Wood John
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- Wulz Claudia-Elisabeth
- Wyslouch Bolek
- Wöhri Hermine Katharina
- Würthwein Frank
- Xiao Hong
- Xiao Meng
- Xie Si
- Xie Wei
- Xu Lingshan
- Xu Zijun
- Yagil Avraham
- Yalvac Metin
- Yang Fan
- Yang Mingming
- Yang Yong
- Yazgan Efe
- Yelton John
- Yetkin Taylan
- Yi Kai
- Yilmaz Yetkin
- Yohay Rachel
- Yoo Hwi Dong
- Yoo Jaehyeok
- York Andrew
- You Can
- Yu Intae
- Yu Shin-Shan
- Yumiceva Francisco
- Zabel James
- Zabi Alexandre
- Zablocki Jakub
- Zaganidis Nicolas
- Zakaria Mohammed
- Zalewski Piotr
- Zanetti Anna
- Zanetti Marco
- Zarubin Anatoli
- Zeinali Maryam
- Zenoni Florian
- Zenz Seth Conrad
- Zeuner Wolfram Dietrich
- Zeyrek Mehmet
- Zhang Jinzhong
- Zhokin Alexander
- Zhu Ren-Yuan
- Zhukov Valery
- Zhukova Victoria
- Zorbilmez Caglar
- Zotto Pierluigi
- Zou Wei
- Zsigmond Anna Julia
- Zucchetta Alberto
- Zumerle Gianni
- Zuranski Andrzej
- Zvada Marian
- Publication venue
- American Meteorological Society
- Publication date
- 01/08/2011
- Field of study
The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe
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