Hyvinvointi ja turvallisuus välitunneilla:lasten näkemyksiä hyvinvointia tukevasta ja turvallisesta koulupihasta

Tiivistelmä. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää lasten näkemyksiä turvallisesta koulupihasta sekä sitä, millaisilla tekijöillä on merkitystä heidän hyvinvointiinsa koulupihalla välituntisin. Tutkimus liittyy Tyrnävän kunnassa suunnitteilla olevan uuden 3.-6. luokkalaisille suunnatun koulun ja sen pihan suunnitteluun. Tutkimuksemme pohjana on Anu Kirstinän pro gradu -tutkielma, jossa selvitettiin lasten piirtämien kuvien avulla millainen on liikkumiseen kannustava koulupiha sekä tutkittiin lasten osallisuutta päätöksenteossa. Tutkimuksemme on luonteeltaan laadullinen, fenomenografinen tapaustutkimus, jossa tutkimuskohteena on yksi koulu, siinä toimivat lapset ja heidän näkemyksensä omasta koulupihastaan. Tutkimuksessamme keskitymme tarkastelemaan hyvinvointiin ja turvallisuuteen liittyviä näkökohtia koulukontekstissa lasten näkökulmasta käsin. Aineistonkeruumenetelmänä käytimme haastatteluja, jotka toteutimme Tyrnävän Kirkkomännikön koululla. Haastateltavina oli kahdeksan neljännen luokan oppilasta. Aineisto analysoitiin sisällönanalyysin keinoin. Tutkimustulosten perusteella voidaan sanoa, että lasten hyvinvointiin ja turvallisuuteen koulupihalla vaikuttavat useat tekijät. Tulokset osoittavat, että hyvinvointiin ja turvallisuutteen positiivisesti vaikuttavat kaverisuhteet, pelit, leikit ja vapaa oleminen sekä aikuisten läsnäolo. Myös lasten osallisuus ja luonto nähdään myönteisesti vaikuttavina tekijöinä. Hyvinvointia ja turvallisuutta välituntisin koulupihalla taas heikentävät erityisesti henkinen ja fyysinen kiusaaminen. Lisäksi turvattomat välineet ja paikat, erilaiset tapaturmat, vuodenajat sekä tekemisen ja ajan puute vaikuttavat negatiivisesti lasten hyvinvointiin ja turvallisuuteen koulupihalla. Tämä tutkimus kohdistuu yhteen kouluun, eivätkä tulokset näin ollen ole täysin yleistettävissä. Tutkimuksemme kuitenkin tukee aikaisempia lasten hyvinvointia ja turvallisuutta koskevia tutkimuksia. Lisäksi tutkimus antaa arvokasta tietoa tutkimukseen osallistuneelle koululle siitä, miten koulun arkea ja välitunteja voidaan rakentaa lasten hyvinvointia ja turvallisuutta tukevaksi

Elevated serum alpha-1 antitrypsin is a major component of GlycA-associated risk for future morbidity and mortality

Background GlycA is a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy biomarker that predicts risk of disease from myriad causes. It is heterogeneous; arising from five circulating glycoproteins with dynamic concentrations: alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), haptoglobin (HP), transferrin (TF), and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (AACT). The contributions of each glycoprotein to the disease and mortality risks predicted by GlycA remain unknown. Methods We trained imputation models for AAT, AGP, HP, and TF from NMR metabolite measurements in 626 adults from a population cohort with matched NMR and immunoassay data. Levels of AAT, AGP, and HP were estimated in 11,861 adults from two population cohorts with eight years of follow-up, then each biomarker was tested for association with all common endpoints. Whole blood gene expression data was used to identify cellular processes associated with elevated AAT. Results Accurate imputation models were obtained for AAT, AGP, and HP but not for TF. While AGP had the strongest correlation with GlycA, our analysis revealed variation in imputed AAT levels was the most predictive of morbidity and mortality for the widest range of diseases over the eight year follow-up period, including heart failure (meta-analysis hazard ratio = 1.60 per standard deviation increase of AAT, P-value = 1×10−10), influenza and pneumonia (HR = 1.37, P = 6×10−10), and liver diseases (HR = 1.81, P = 1×10−6). Transcriptional analyses revealed association of elevated AAT with diverse inflammatory immune pathways. Conclusions This study clarifies the molecular underpinnings of the GlycA biomarker’s associated disease risk, and indicates a previously unrecognised association between elevated AAT and severe disease onset and mortality.Peer reviewe

Metabonomic, transcriptomic, and genomic variation of a population cohort

Peer reviewe

Metabolic Signatures of Adiposity in Young Adults : Mendelian Randomization Analysis and Effects of Weight Change

Peer reviewe

An interaction map of circulating metabolites, immune gene networks, and their genetic regulation

Background: Immunometabolism plays a central role in many cardiometabolic diseases. However, a robust map of immune-related gene networks in circulating human cells, their interactions with metabolites, and their genetic control is still lacking. Here, we integrate blood transcriptomic, metabolomic, and genomic profiles from two population-based cohorts (total N = 2168), including a subset of individuals with matched multi-omic data at 7-year follow-up. Results: We identify topologically replicable gene networks enriched for diverse immune functions including cytotoxicity, viral response, B cell, platelet, neutrophil, and mast cell/basophil activity. These immune gene modules show complex patterns of association with 158 circulating metabolites, including lipoprotein subclasses, lipids, fatty acids, amino acids, small molecules, and CRP. Genome-wide scans for module expression quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) reveal five modules with mQTLs that have both cis and trans effects. The strongest mQTL is in ARHGEF3 (rs1354034) and affects a module enriched for platelet function, independent of platelet counts. Modules of mast cell/basophil and neutrophil function show temporally stable metabolite associations over 7-year follow-up, providing evidence that these modules and their constituent gene products may play central roles in metabolic inflammation. Furthermore, the strongest mQTL in ARHGEF3 also displays clear temporal stability, supporting widespread trans effects at this locus. Conclusions: This study provides a detailed map of natural variation at the blood immunometabolic interface and its genetic basis, and may facilitate subsequent studies to explain inter-individual variation in cardiometabolic disease.Peer reviewe

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Biomarker Glycoprotein Acetyls Is Associated With the Risk of a Wide Spectrum of Incident Diseases and Stratifies Mortality Risk in Angiography Patients.

BACKGROUND: Integration of systems-level biomolecular information with electronic health records has led to recent interest in the glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) biomarker-a serum- or plasma-derived nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy signal that represents the abundance of circulating glycated proteins. GlycA predicts risk of diverse outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and all-cause mortality; however, the underlying detailed associations of GlycA's morbidity and mortality risk are currently unknown. METHODS: We used 2 population-based cohorts totaling 11 861 adults from the Finnish general population to test for an association with 468 common incident hospitalization and mortality outcomes during an 8-year follow-up. Further, we utilized 900 angiography patients to test for GlycA association with mortality risk and potential utility for mortality risk discrimination during 12-year follow-up. RESULTS: New associations with GlycA and incident alcoholic liver disease, chronic renal failure, glomerular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammatory polyarthropathies, and hypertension were uncovered, and known incident disease associations were replicated. GlycA associations for incident disease outcomes were in general not attenuated when adjusting for hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). Among 900 patients referred to angiography, GlycA had hazard ratios of 4.87 (95% CI, 2.45-9.65) and 5.00 (95% CI, 2.38-10.48) for 12-year risk of mortality in the fourth and fifth quintiles by GlycA levels, demonstrating its prognostic potential for identification of high-risk individuals. When modeled together, both hsCRP and GlycA were attenuated but remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: GlycA was predictive of myriad incident diseases across many major internal organs and stratified mortality risk in angiography patients. Both GlycA and hsCRP had shared and independent contributions to mortality risk, suggesting chronic inflammation as an etiological factor. GlycA may be useful in improving risk prediction in specific disease settings