The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs High-resolution optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of 324 survey stars

The CARMENES radial velocity (RV) survey is observing 324 M dwarfs to search for any orbiting planets. In this paper, we present the survey sample by publishing one CARMENES spectrum for each M dwarf. These spectra cover the wavelength range 520–1710 nm at a resolution of at least R >80 000, and we measure its RV, Hα emission, and projected rotation velocity. We present an atlas of high-resolution M-dwarf spectra and compare the spectra to atmospheric models. To quantify the RV precision that can be achieved in low-mass stars over the CARMENES wavelength range, we analyze our empirical information on the RV precision from more than 6500 observations. We compare our high-resolution M-dwarf spectra to atmospheric models where we determine the spectroscopic RV information content, Q, and signal-to-noise ratio. We find that for all M-type dwarfs, the highest RV precision can be reached in the wavelength range 700–900 nm. Observations at longer wavelengths are equally precise only at the very latest spectral types (M8 and M9). We demonstrate that in this spectroscopic range, the large amount of absorption features compensates for the intrinsic faintness of an M7 star. To reach an RV precision of 1 m s−1 in very low mass M dwarfs at longer wavelengths likely requires the use of a 10 m class telescope. For spectral types M6 and earlier, the combination of a red visual and a near-infrared spectrograph is ideal to search for low-mass planets and to distinguish between planets and stellar variability. At a 4 m class telescope, an instrument like CARMENES has the potential to push the RV precision well below the typical jitter level of 3–4 m s−1

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs HD147379 b: A nearby Neptune in the temperate zone of an early-M dwarf

We report on the first star discovered to host a planet detected by radial velocity (RV) observations obtained within the CARMENES survey for exoplanets around M dwarfs. HD 147379 (V = 8.9 mag, M = 0.58 ± 0.08 M⊙), a bright M0.0 V star at a distance of 10.7 pc, is found to undergo periodic RV variations with a semi-amplitude of K = 5.1 ± 0.4 m s−1 and a period of P = 86.54 ± 0.06 d. The RV signal is found in our CARMENES data, which were taken between 2016 and 2017, and is supported by HIRES/Keck observations that were obtained since 2000. The RV variations are interpreted as resulting from a planet of minimum mass mP sin i = 25 ± 2 M⊕, 1.5 times the mass of Neptune, with an orbital semi-major axis a = 0.32 au and low eccentricity (e < 0.13). HD 147379 b is orbiting inside the temperate zone around the star, where water could exist in liquid form. The RV time-series and various spectroscopic indicators show additional hints of variations at an approximate period of 21.1 d (and its first harmonic), which we attribute to the rotation period of the star.FEDER/ERF FICTS-2011-02 fundsMajor Research Instrumentation Programme and DFG Research Unit FOR2544 “Blue Planets around Red StarsEuropean Research Council (ERC-279347), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (RE 1664/12-1, RE 2694/4-1), Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF-05A14MG3, BMBF-05A17MG3), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO, grants AYA2015-68012-C2-2-P, AYA2016-79425-C3-1,2,3-P, AYA2015-69350-C3-2-P, AYA2014-54348-C03- 01, AYA2014-56359-P, AYA2014-54348-C3-2-R, AYA2016-79425-C3-3-P and 2013 Ramòn y Cajal program RYC-2013-14875), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, grant ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R, ESP2015-65712-C5- 5-R), Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme, Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, programa de Formación de Profesorado Universitario (grant FPU15/01476), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (grants 50OW0204 and 50OO1501), Office of Naval Research Global (award no. N62909-15-1-2011), Mexican CONACyT grant CB-2012-183007

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. First visual-channel radial-velocity measurements and orbital parameter updates of seven M-dwarf planetary systems

Stars and planetary system

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Measurement of the Higgs boson production rate in association with top quarks in final states with electrons, muons, and hadronically decaying tau leptons at s√=13TeV

The rate for Higgs (H) bosons production in association with either one (tH) or two (tt¯H) top quarks is measured in final states containing multiple electrons, muons, or tau leptons decaying to hadrons and a neutrino, using proton–proton collisions recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV by the CMS experiment. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 137fb−1. The analysis is aimed at events that contain H→WW, H→ττ, or H→ZZ decays and each of the top quark(s) decays either to lepton+jets or all-jet channels. Sensitivity to signal is maximized by including ten signatures in the analysis, depending on the lepton multiplicity. The separation among tH, tt¯H, and the backgrounds is enhanced through machine-learning techniques and matrix-element methods. The measured production rates for the tt¯H and tH signals correspond to 0.92±0.19(stat)+0.17−0.13(syst) and 5.7±2.7(stat)±3.0(syst) of their respective standard model (SM) expectations. The corresponding observed (expected) significance amounts to 4.7 (5.2) standard deviations for tt¯H, and to 1.4 (0.3) for tH production. Assuming that the Higgs boson coupling to the tau lepton is equal in strength to its expectation in the SM, the coupling yt of the Higgs boson to the top quark divided by its SM expectation, κt=yt/ySMt, is constrained to be within −0.9<κt<−0.7 or 0.7<κt<1.1, at 95% confidence level. This result is the most sensitive measurement of the tt¯H production rate to date.SCOAP

Rol del laboratorio cardiovascular en la detección precoz de enfermedad coronaria

ResumenLa detección precoz de la enfermedad coronaria, es decir, en una etapa subclínica, tiene el propósito de contribuir a prevenir síndromes coronarios agudos y muertes de origen cardiovascular. Dado que la gran mayoría de los cuadros coronarios agudos se presentan cuando existe algún grado de ateroesclerosis coronaria, diversas pruebas de laboratorio que predicen eventos cardiovasculares son marcadores de ateromatosis coronaria.En este artículo se presentan pruebas de laboratorio que cuando aplicadas a sujetos asintomáticos, en general con un riesgo cardiovascular intermedio, ayudan a retinar la estimación de riesgo cardiovascular reclasificándolos en riesgo alto o bajo. Aquellos individuos reclasificados como de riesgo alto, pueden ser sometidos entonces a medidas preventivas más intensas tanto no farmacológicas como farmacológicas con mayor propiedad.En el trabajo se discuten pruebas bioquímicas como la albuminuria. Se analizan procedimientos de imágenes como el espesor íntima - media carotídeo, la detección/cuantificación de placas ateroescleróticas carotídeas, el diámetro de la aorta abdominal por ultrasonido y el score de calcio coronario por tomografía computada. Por último, se trata el índice tobillo - brazo. En general, las pruebas de provocación de isquemia y la angiografía coronaria por tomografía computada no son apropiadas en este contexto.Debido a que estos sujetos son por definición asintomáticos, debe procurarse solicitar aquellos exámenes de laboratorio que sean los más inocuos posibles para las personas que se someten a estas evaluaciones. Asimismo, estas pruebas deberían ser relativamente económicas e incomodar lo menos posible a los sujetos que se someten a ellas.SummaryThe early detection of coronary artery disease, that is to say, in a subclinical stage, has the aim to contribute of preventing acute coronary syndromes and cardiovascular deaths. Because most of the acute coronary processes occur when there is some degree of coronary atherosclerosis, several laboratory tests that predict cardiovascular events are markers of coronary atherosclerosis as well.In this article several laboratory tests when applied on asymptomatic individuals, usually with an intermediate cardiovascular risk, help to refine the estimation of their cardiovascular risk, reclassifying them in high or low risk. Then, those subjects reclassified as high risk can be treated aggressively with no pharmacologic as well as pharmacologic measures more properly.In this review we discuss biochemical tests such as urinary albumin excretion. Imaging tests are analyzed like carotid intima - media thickness, carotid plaque burden, abdominal aortic diameter on ultrasound and coronary calcium score on computed tomography. Finally ankle - brachial index is addressed. In general, cardiac stress tests and coronary angiography by computed tomography are not useful in this scenario.Because these individuals are by definition asymptomatic, the clinician should use the most innocuous tests. Furthermore, it is desirable that the tests selected be the less expensive and uncomfortable as possible

Dolor torácico

El dolor torácico agudo es uno de los motivos más frecuentes de consulta en servicios de urgencia. Una de sus causas más relevantes son los síndromes coronarios agudos. Sin embargo, existen muchas otras etiologías de dolor torácico agudo dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales, algunas de ellas igualmente graves. En esta revisión se presentan las características clínicas que ayudan a diferenciar estos diversos cuadros, como también sus características electrocardiográficas y radiológicas. Se hace mención a los biomarcadores de daño miocárdico, de especial importancia dada su alta sensibilidad y especificidad. Debido a que este número de la Revista Médica CLC tiene como tema central trauma y urgencia, se han incluido aspectos habitualmente ausentes en revisiones de este tipo, como son commotio cordis (“conmoción” cardíaca) y el traumatismo torácico cerrado. Finalmente, se tocan tópicos referentes a las pruebas de provocación de isquemia sin y con imágenes y la tomografía computada de coronarias en la evaluación de pacientes con este síndrome

DISFUNCIÓN TIROIDEA Y CORAZÓN

Los trastornos de la función tiroidea afectan profundamente al sistema cardiovascular. En esta revisión se presentan algunos aspectos fisiológicos de la interrelación entre tiroides y corazón, como tambièc)n las consecuencias de la tirotoxicosis e hipotiroidismo sobre el aparato cardiovascular. Se analiza la influencia del hipertiroidismo en la gèc)nesis de la fibrilación auricular y del hipotiroidismo en el metabolismo de las lipoproteínas. Adicionalmente, el artículo se referirá a los potenciales efectos adversos del antiarrítmico amiodarona sobre la función tiroidea y cómo se investigan y tratan. Finalmente, se expone un caso clínico real para ilustrar con mayor claridad la enorme importancia que pueden alcanzar las relaciones fisiopatológicas entre el corazón y las afecciones de esta glándula endocrina