Polyester Usage in Manufacturing of Electrical and Mechanical Products and Assemblies

This chapter focuses on the processes in which polyester is usually used for the manufacturing of mechanical components and assemblies. Various methods of manufacturing these products are mentioned in this chapter. These methods include wet layup method, filament winding, pultrusion, vacuum bagging and autoclave curing, resin transfer molding (RTM) and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). Various production levels and properties can be achieved by polyester resin using abovementioned processes. Each process has its own benefits and disadvantages, which are discussed in this chapter. Furthermore, the use of polyester in making electrical insulation is also discussed in the chapter. Advantages and disadvantages of each impregnation technique are also explained

Association Of BCR-ABL Alternative Splice Variants with Disease Progression, Treatment Response and Survival in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated with Firstline imatinib Monotherapy

Background: Alternative RNA splicing has diverse biological effects in heath as well as disease. It also contributes to cancer onset and progression. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) results due to BCR-ABL fusion oncogene that is created due to chromosomal translocation t [9; 22] [q34; q11]). BCR-ABL is target of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). BCR-ABL through alternative splicing can generate b2a2, b3a2 and some other rare splicing variants. BCR-ABL variants may vary in their response to TKI treatment and disease progression potential, which is a major factor contributing to dismal treatment outcome in CML. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate correlation of BCR-ABL splice variants with TKI treatment outcome and survival in three phases of CML that has rarely been studied previously.Methods: BCR-ABL splice variants were studied using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). in 70 CML patients from three phases of CML who were receiving imatinib (TKI) treatment.Results: Frequencies of different BCR/ABL splice variants like b3a2, b2a2 and b3a2+b2a2 were 49 (70%), 15 (21.4%) and 6 (8.6%), respectively. Splice variant b2a2 were more common (53.3%) in chronic phase CML (CP-CML) while b3a2 had higher frequency in advanced phases of CML (44.9%). CML patients with b2a2 transcript had better complete cytogenetic response and major molecular response to TKI treatment overall (100% vs. 24.5%) as well as in CP-CML (100% vs. 85.7%) and superior survival when compared to patients with b3a2 splice variant. All patients who died had male gender, less than 33 years age, b3a2 transcript, advanced phases of CML and imatinib resistance.Conclusions: Splice variant b3a2 was associated with CML progression, poorer survival and inferior treatment outcome as compared to b2a2. Further investigations on BCR-ABL splice variants and their roles in CML pathogenesis can provide deeper insights into CML biology and new targets for BCR-ABL positive leukemia treatment.          Keywords: CML; BCR-ABL splice variants; Progression; Survival; Treatment outcome 

Exploring the fractional Hirota Maccari system for its soliton solutions via impressive analytical strategies

In the field of marine engineering, the characteristics of wave propagation play an imperative character. In many geographical regions, the key source of environmental effects on artificial floating or stationary structures or seashores is waves. This article deals with the Hirota Maccari system (HMs) via a new fractional derivative operator known as the beta derivative. This aforesaid equation is a significant model which deals with a variety of nonlinear phenomenons in the fields of optical fibers, physics and other scientific fields. A complex wave hypothesis is applied to transform the aforesaid system with beta derivative into an ODE system. The modified Kudryashov’s (New version) and the Auxiliary equation methods are used to build a variety of soliton solutions of HMs with beta derivative. The singular, periodic, bright, dark solitons and mixed solitons are constructed with the above-mentioned approaches via soft computation in Mathematica. Some of them are numerically simulated for 2D and 3D representation. All the solutions of fractional HMs produced by the above two techniques are novel and have not been derived yet

Entropy analysis in the Rabinowitsch fluid model through inclined Wavy Channel: Constant and variable properties

Entropy production in a system affects the efficiency of the system because it minimizes the output of the system. For the better performance of the system, it is very important to minimize the entropy production. Entropy generation is always observed in any irreversible process while it remains constant in any reversible process. Second law of thermodynamics play an important in the optimization of entropy generation rate. The main objective of this investigation is to minimize the entropy production through an inclined channel filled with Rabinowitsch fluid. For the better results, we will visually show the entropy generation under the account of two different cases. In the first case, we will choose the viscosity and thermal conductivity of the fluid as a constant and for the second case, viscosity and thermal conductivity will be treated as a variable. Further, the comparison of both the cases will be given under the effects of fluidic parameters. The Exact solutions of velocity and energy equations are obtained for the constant properties model with the help of MATHEMATICA software, while for the second model, the solution of the velocity profile is obtained in terms of analytic form with the help of MATHEMATICA version 11.0. The regular perturbation method is selected to solve the energy equation due to its complexity and presented the temperature profile in the form of an approximate analytical solution. In the end, the analytical solutions for total entropy and Bejan number for both cases are obtained with the help of Mathematica version 11.0. A small amount of entropy is observed at the bottom of the channel and maximum entropy is noted at the ciliated walls under the effect of Brinkman number. Maximum value of the entropy number is observed for the case of variable properties as compared to the uniform properties, which showed that the variable liquid properties are the best choice to minimize the entropy of the system and to increase the efficiency of the system

An alternative and indirect statistical modeling method for viscosity estimation and its experimental validation for low styrene content polyester resin

We propose an indirect method of ASTM D-1200 for measurement of viscosity from 0.1 to 30 stokes (St) using Ford cup 5 (range 2~ 12 St) by developing a statistical relation. General purpose low styrene content polyester resin (without adding initiator, hardener and accelerator) was used for viscosity measurement. In existing ASTM D 1200 standard, ford cups (1-4) are used to measure the viscosity up to 2 St, while fifth cup is used for measurement from 2 to 12 St. Viscosity above 12 St is not estimated using existing ASTM D- 1200 method. In contrast, our method and statistical relation proposed in this paper estimates viscosity in the flexible range of 0.1 to 30 St by using Ford cup 5 only. The estimated values were confirmed by existing ASTM D-1200 (0.1 to 12 St) and by using Ubbelohde viscometer (12 to 30 St). Values estimated above 12 St are from the proposed model are also in good conformance (percentage error ~ 5% or less) with experimental results. The satisfaction level of the estimated values with the experiments suggests that the model has also the potential for application to paints, polymer and oil industry

Integrated Fertilizers Synergistically Bolster Temperate Soybean Growth, Yield, and Oil Content

For ensuring food security and imparting sustainability to modern commercial-oriented and highly intensive temperate farming systems, organic wastes from poultry and dairy industries constitute biologically viable strategy to improve crops productivity under changing climate. A field trial was undertaken to appraise the impact of broiler litter (BL = 5 tons ha−1), farm yard slurry (FYS = 10 tons ha−1), and chemical fertilizers including di-ammonium phosphate (DAP = 60 kg ha−1) and single super phosphate (SSP = 60 kg ha−1) applied solely and in conjunction with each other, along with a control treatment (NM). The synergistic fertilization regime encompassing BL+DAP triggered the vegetative growth of soybean as indicated by taller plants having thicker stems and higher leaf area per plant compared to NM. In addition, this fertilization management system improved reproductive yield attributes including pods number and 100-seeds weight which maximized the seed yield, harvest index, seed oil content, and biological yield by 66%, 5%, 31%, and 23% respectively than NM. Moreover, this fertilizers combination was followed by SSP + BL, while BL performed better than FYS and DAP remained superior to SSP. Furthermore, the correlation analyses indicated moderately stronger direct association of seed yield with vegetative growth traits and highly stronger linear relationship with reproductive yield attributes. Thus, co-application of broiler litter (5 tons ha−1) with reduced doses of DAP (60 kg ha−1) might be recommended to temperate soybean growers having access to poultry wastes

Thigh-length compression stockings and DVT after stroke

Controversy exists as to whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with invasive bladder cancer, despite randomised controlled trials of more than 3000 patients. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of such treatment on survival in patients with this disease