Congenital anomalies of the male urethra

The spectrum of congenital anomalies of the male urethra is presented. The embryologic basis of each anomaly, when known, is discussed. Clinical and imaging features of each entity are presented

ANTIBACTERIAL CONSTITUENTS OF CALLIANDRA HAEMATOCEPHALA

The EtOAC extractable constituents of the bark of C. haematocephala were active against selected bacteria. Fractionation by chromatographic methods, gave known compounds p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, astilbin, neo-isoastilbin, and catechin-3-O-rhamnoiside, which showed varied antibacterial activity. In addition the non-active n-C6H14 fraction gave lupeol and betulinic acid. Key Words: Calliandra. heamatocephala Hassk, Mimosaaceae, antibacterial, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, astilbin, neo-isoastilbin, and catechin-3-rhamnoside Nig. J. Nat Prod. And Med. Vol.3 1999: 58-6

Models of oral and vaginal candidiasis based on in vitro reconstituted human epithelia

This protocol describes the setup, maintenance and characteristics of models of epithelial Candida infections based on well-established three-dimensional organotypic tissues of human oral and vaginal mucosa. Infection experiments are highly reproducible and can be used for the direct analysis of pathogen–epithelial cell interactions. This allows detailed investigations of Candida albicans wild type or mutant strain interaction with epithelial tissue or the evaluation of the host immune response using histological, biochemical and molecular methods. As such, the models can be utilized as a tool to investigate cellular interactions or protein and gene expression that are not complicated by non-epithelial factors. To study the impact of innate immunity or the antifungal activity of natural and non-natural compounds, the mucosal infection models can be supplemented with immune cells, antimicrobial agents or probiotic bacteria. The model requires at least 3 days to be established and can be maintained thereafter for 2–4 days

Thigh-length compression stockings and DVT after stroke

Controversy exists as to whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with invasive bladder cancer, despite randomised controlled trials of more than 3000 patients. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of such treatment on survival in patients with this disease