Modelo de Estrategias para el Desarrollo del Pensamiento Crítico en los Estudiantes de Educación del Primer Año de la Especialidad de Ciencias Sociales de la UNSA - 2016.

El presente trabajo de investigación titulado: Modelo de estrategias para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes de Educación del primer año de la especialidad de Ciencias Sociales de la UNSA 2016. Es un estudio descriptivo y propositivo que tiene como objetivo elaborar y proponer un modelo de estrategias para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes de Educación del primer año de la especialidad de Ciencias Sociales de la mencionada universidad. Se plantea como hipótesis: si se elabora y se propone un modelo de estrategias sustentado en las teorías de la pedagogía crítica de Paulo Freire, el Aprendizaje Sociocultural de Vigotsky y el Modelo para aprender sobre el Pensamiento Crítico de Richard Paul y Linda Elder, entonces se mejora el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes de Educación del primer año de la especialidad de Ciencias Sociales de la UNSA 2016. El aporte teórico está dado en un modelo de estrategias y propuesta para lograr el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en los estudiantes universitarios de educación, y que contribuya a la eficiente formación profesional. En la elaboración se han empleado métodos teóricos tales como lógicohistórico, análisis-síntesis, inductivo-deductivo, abstracción-concreción, modelación y dialéctica, también se han empleado métodos empíricos como la observación, entrevista, encuesta y evaluación

Analysis of People's Behavior Towards the use Of Digital Banking: Development of a Predictive Model

La digitalización bancaria ha experimentado un auge significativo, especialmente impulsada por el contexto de la pandemia. En Bolivia, este fenómeno se manifiesta con un incremento en la adopción de la banca digital, destacándose la banca móvil como uno de los sistemas de pago predilectos. El estudio se centra en la problemática: ¿Cuál es el comportamiento de los jóvenes universitarios de Oruro hacia el uso de la banca digital?. Para abordar esta cuestión, se aplicó una encuesta a 302 universitarios de primer año de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Financieras y Administrativas de la Universidad Técnica de Oruro en agosto de 2023. Este cuestionario incluyó 14 ítems, de los cuales los primeros dos abordaron datos demográficos, y los restantes indagaron sobre la relación y percepciones respecto a la banca digital y móvil. Los resultados, obtenidos a través de un modelo econométrico logit binario, sugieren que el comportamiento hacia el uso de la banca digital está significativamente influenciado por factores como el género, la frecuencia de acceso al servicio, la calidad de atención de las entidades financieras y la confianza en las transacciones digitales. Esta evolución tecnológica pone de manifiesto la necesidad imperante de que los bancos continúen adaptándose a la transformación digital.Banking digitalization has experienced a significant boom, especially driven by the context of the pandemic. In Bolivia, this phenomenon is manifested with an increase in the adoption of digital banking, highlighting mobile banking as one of the favorite payment systems. The study focuses on the question: What is the behavior of young university students in Oruro city towards the use of digital banking? To address this question, a survey was applied to 302 first-year university students of the Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Financieras y Administrativas of the Universidad Técnica de Oruro in August 2023. This questionnaire included 14 items, of which the first two addressed demographic data, and the remaining ones inquired about the relationship and perceptions regarding digital and mobile banking. The results, obtained through a binary logit econometric model, suggest that the behavior towards the use of digital banking is significantly influenced by factors such as gender, frequency of access to the service, quality of service of financial institutions and trust in digital transactions. This technological evolution highlights the imperative need for banks to continue adapting to the digital transformation

Investigaciones sobre paz, conflictos y violencia en México

En cumplimiento a la normatividad sobre el acceso abierto de la investigación científica, esta obra se pone a disposición del público en su versión electrónica en el repositorio de la uaemex (http:// ri.uaemex.mx) para su uso en línea con fines académicos y no de lucro, por lo que se prohíbe la reproducción parcial o total, directa o indirecta del contenido de esta presentación impresa sin contar previamente con la autorización expresa y por escrito de GEMAporrúa, en términos de lo así previsto por la Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor y, en su caso, por los tratados internacionales aplicables.Bajo la idea de que "merecemos un mundo distinto al que tenemos", este libro ofrece una serie de reflexiones y análisis sobre la paz, algunos conflictos y ciertas formas de violencia desde el "campo" interdisciplinario denominado Estudios para la Paz y el Desarrollo, que se alienta en la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, dentro del programa de Maestría del mismo nombre. Quienes escriben en el texto se ubican: o en el ángulo de la investigación para la paz en estricto sentido, o en el ángulo de la investigación para la paz en sentido amplio, que se estimulan y difunden en dicho programa, y que, desde diferentes posturas, alientan escenarios o acciones encaminadas hacia la paz. El libro está dividido en tres secciones, mismas que corresponden a los temas de paz, conflictos y violencia, donde aparecen reflexiones teóricas o empíricas de autores formados o relacionados en el campo

The EU Center of Excellence for Exascale in Solid Earth (ChEESE): Implementation, results, and roadmap for the second phase

publishedVersio

Zoonosis, cambio climático y sociedad

La sociedad contemporánea se enfrenta a uno de los retos más grandes de la historia humana, el calentamiento global, mismo que acarrea enormes consecuencias, tales como los disturbios climáticos, así como los patrones de las enfermedades de origen animal transmisibles al hombre. Precisamente ante este escenario las instituciones educativas de nivel superior deben dar cumplimiento a su responsabilidad y ser las generadoras de alternativas de solución mediante el trabajo especializado de investigación; y para ello, la pesquisa científica es la mejor de las alternativas a nuestro alcance para comprender y encarar estos desafíos.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México y Ediciones y Gráficos Eón, S.A. de C.V

Association between convalescent plasma treatment and mortality in COVID-19: a collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Funder: laura and john arnold foundationBACKGROUND: Convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat COVID-19 and is under investigation in numerous randomized clinical trials, but results are publicly available only for a small number of trials. The objective of this study was to assess the benefits of convalescent plasma treatment compared to placebo or no treatment and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19, using data from all available randomized clinical trials, including unpublished and ongoing trials (Open Science Framework, https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GEHFX ). METHODS: In this collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis, clinical trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform), the Cochrane COVID-19 register, the LOVE database, and PubMed were searched until April 8, 2021. Investigators of trials registered by March 1, 2021, without published results were contacted via email. Eligible were ongoing, discontinued and completed randomized clinical trials that compared convalescent plasma with placebo or no treatment in COVID-19 patients, regardless of setting or treatment schedule. Aggregated mortality data were extracted from publications or provided by investigators of unpublished trials and combined using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman random effects model. We investigated the contribution of unpublished trials to the overall evidence. RESULTS: A total of 16,477 patients were included in 33 trials (20 unpublished with 3190 patients, 13 published with 13,287 patients). 32 trials enrolled only hospitalized patients (including 3 with only intensive care unit patients). Risk of bias was low for 29/33 trials. Of 8495 patients who received convalescent plasma, 1997 died (23%), and of 7982 control patients, 1952 died (24%). The combined risk ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.92; 1.02) with between-study heterogeneity not beyond chance (I2 = 0%). The RECOVERY trial had 69.8% and the unpublished evidence 25.3% of the weight in the meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Convalescent plasma treatment of patients with COVID-19 did not reduce all-cause mortality. These results provide strong evidence that convalescent plasma treatment for patients with COVID-19 should not be used outside of randomized trials. Evidence synthesis from collaborations among trial investigators can inform both evidence generation and evidence application in patient care

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe

Evenness mediates the global relationship between forest productivity and richness

1. Biodiversity is an important component of natural ecosystems, with higher species richness often correlating with an increase in ecosystem productivity. Yet, this relationship varies substantially across environments, typically becoming less pronounced at high levels of species richness. However, species richness alone cannot reflect all important properties of a community, including community evenness, which may mediate the relationship between biodiversity and productivity. If the evenness of a community correlates negatively with richness across forests globally, then a greater number of species may not always increase overall diversity and productivity of the system. Theoretical work and local empirical studies have shown that the effect of evenness on ecosystem functioning may be especially strong at high richness levels, yet the consistency of this remains untested at a global scale. 2. Here, we used a dataset of forests from across the globe, which includes composition, biomass accumulation and net primary productivity, to explore whether productivity correlates with community evenness and richness in a way that evenness appears to buffer the effect of richness. Specifically, we evaluated whether low levels of evenness in speciose communities correlate with the attenuation of the richness–productivity relationship. 3. We found that tree species richness and evenness are negatively correlated across forests globally, with highly speciose forests typically comprising a few dominant and many rare species. Furthermore, we found that the correlation between diversity and productivity changes with evenness: at low richness, uneven communities are more productive, while at high richness, even communities are more productive. 4. Synthesis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that evenness is an integral component of the relationship between biodiversity and productivity, and that the attenuating effect of richness on forest productivity might be partly explained by low evenness in speciose communities. Productivity generally increases with species richness, until reduced evenness limits the overall increases in community diversity. Our research suggests that evenness is a fundamental component of biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships, and is of critical importance for guiding conservation and sustainable ecosystem management decisions

Evenness mediates the global relationship between forest productivity and richness

1. Biodiversity is an important component of natural ecosystems, with higher species richness often correlating with an increase in ecosystem productivity. Yet, this relationship varies substantially across environments, typically becoming less pronounced at high levels of species richness. However, species richness alone cannot reflect all important properties of a community, including community evenness, which may mediate the relationship between biodiversity and productivity. If the evenness of a community correlates negatively with richness across forests globally, then a greater number of species may not always increase overall diversity and productivity of the system. Theoretical work and local empirical studies have shown that the effect of evenness on ecosystem functioning may be especially strong at high richness levels, yet the consistency of this remains untested at a global scale. 2. Here, we used a dataset of forests from across the globe, which includes composition, biomass accumulation and net primary productivity, to explore whether productivity correlates with community evenness and richness in a way that evenness appears to buffer the effect of richness. Specifically, we evaluated whether low levels of evenness in speciose communities correlate with the attenuation of the richness–productivity relationship. 3. We found that tree species richness and evenness are negatively correlated across forests globally, with highly speciose forests typically comprising a few dominant and many rare species. Furthermore, we found that the correlation between diversity and productivity changes with evenness: at low richness, uneven communities are more productive, while at high richness, even communities are more productive. 4. Synthesis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that evenness is an integral component of the relationship between biodiversity and productivity, and that the attenuating effect of richness on forest productivity might be partly explained by low evenness in speciose communities. Productivity generally increases with species richness, until reduced evenness limits the overall increases in community diversity. Our research suggests that evenness is a fundamental component of biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships, and is of critical importance for guiding conservation and sustainable ecosystem management decisions