Trabajo de titulación previo a la obtención del título de Arquitecto Urbanista

El proyecto Arquitectónico de una infraestructura de trabajo colaborativo para la ciudad de Ambato se concibe como parte fundamental del desarrollo urbano que tendrá el sector de Huachi Solís, que contribuirá a la transformación de un comercio más productivo. En este lugar se generarán oportunidades de intercambio, de empleo, ya que por años el sector sur de la ciudad de Ambato se ha caracterizado por ser un tipo de ciudad dormitorio. La finalidad de esta investigación fue generar una propuesta arquitectónica de una infraestructura de trabajo colaborativo, que contenga y conecte espacios funcionales para el desarrollo de la asociatividad empresarial de las pequeñas y medianas empresas de Ambato. La metodología que se aplicó fue con enfoque exploratorio y aplicado. La población de estudio fue la muestra calculada de microempresarios de la ciudad de Ambato de 311 personas. Los principales hallazgos muestran que las PYMEs de la ciudad no cuentan con espacios adecuados para realizar un trabajo colaborativo que contribuya a la asociatividad de las mismas, esto reduce su nivel competitivo y los debilita en este contexto globalizado. Dentro de las necesidades micro empresariales se requieren escenarios de capacitación, exposición, talleres y reuniones de integración, por lo que se requiere un proyecto arquitectónico con espacios adecuados para todas las actividades mencionadas. Para este caso se propone una infraestructura enfocada a una incubadora de empresas

Diseño de un sistema robótico móvil para guiar e informar a pacientes en centros médicos

En el presente trabajo de investigación se plantea diseñar un sistema robótico autónomo cuya función principal es la de orientar a pacientes de hospitales a sus respectivas salas de atención, ya sea brindando información del camino que debe seguir el usuario, o moviéndose para servir como guía. El uso del robot busca también, evitar el contagio de enfermedades que se producen por el contacto cercano entre personas. Para lograr el objetivo del proyecto se tuvo que definir los requerimientos del sistema, realizar una búsqueda del estado de la tecnología para reconocer los componentes utilizados por sistemas robóticos autónomos, esquematizar las funciones del sistema, proponer tres conceptos de solución y, mediante un análisis técnico-económico, elegir el mejor concepto para obtener una solución óptima. En el diseño del robot se tomó en cuenta las características que se deben incluir en un robot social, como la implementación de un rostro que incremente en los usuarios la confianza para interactuar con la máquina, y la tecnología necesaria para el movimiento autónomo del robot en ambientes con la presencia de personas y objetos.Trabajo de investigació

El caso de José María Arguedas

This article aims to reflect on the self-translation of the Peruvian author José María Arguedas, by analysing the poem "Jetman, Haylli / Oda al jet", written in Quechua and translated into Spanish by the same author and compiled in Katatay / Temblar (1972). Arguedas, considering self-translation as a tool to translate the social and cultural heterogeneity of America, tells the image of a continent that demands a non-hierarchical dialogue with 'the West'. Self-translation is a form of cultural resistance against the hierarchies of power and representation according to which the indigenous would lose their 'authenticity' by coming into contact with modernity

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of Parkinson?s disease

Although over 90 independent risk variants have been identified for Parkinson’s disease using genome-wide association studies, most studies have been performed in just one population at a time. Here we performed a large-scale multi-ancestry meta-analysis of Parkinson’s disease with 49,049 cases, 18,785 proxy cases and 2,458,063 controls including individuals of European, East Asian, Latin American and African ancestry. In a meta-analysis, we identified 78 independent genome-wide significant loci, including 12 potentially novel loci (MTF2, PIK3CA, ADD1, SYBU, IRS2, USP8, PIGL, FASN, MYLK2, USP25, EP300 and PPP6R2) and fine-mapped 6 putative causal variants at 6 known PD loci. By combining our results with publicly available eQTL data, we identified 25 putative risk genes in these novel loci whose expression is associated with PD risk. This work lays the groundwork for future efforts aimed at identifying PD loci in non-European populations

Implication of the p53 pathway and the microRNA miR-34a in insulin resistance in adipocytes

La dysfonction du tissu adipeux lors de l’obésité participe au développement de la résistance à l’insuline. L’activation de p53 dans l’adipocyte a récemment été impliquée dans la résistance à l’insuline lors de l’obésité, par des mécanismes inconnus. Le microARN miR-34a participe à la réponse cellulaire induite par p53 dans différents types cellulaires. Parmi ses cibles figurent Vamp2 et Sirt1, deux protéines impliquées respectivement dans la translocation des transporteurs de glucose (Glut4) et la sensibilité à l’insuline. Nous montrons que l’expression de p53 est augmentée dans les adipocytes de souris rendues obèses par un régime riche en graisses. Nous observons une augmentation du nombre d’adipocytes avec des dommages à l’ADN et également plus de dommages dans les adipocytes provenant des souris obèses. L’induction de dommage à l’ADN par la doxorubicine et la stabilisation de p53 par la nutline inhibe le transport de glucose induit par l’insuline et la signalisation de l’insuline dans des adipocytes en culture d’origine murine et humaine. En accord avec l’activation de p53 dans l’adipocyte lors de l’obésité, nous montrons que l’expression de miR-34a est augmentée dans le TA et les adipocytes de souris obèses. La surexpression de miR-34a dans des adipocytes 3T3-L1 inhibe le transport de glucose en réponse à l’insuline, la signalisation insulinique, la lipolyse, et augmente l’expression de l’ARNm de la leptine. Nous montrons que l’inhibition de la signalisation insulinique est due à l’induction de l’ARNm et de la tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B par miR-34a. L’inhibition de la lipolyse s’accompagne d’une inhibition d’expression d’ATGL, l’enzyme limitante de la lipolyse.Dysfunction of adipose tissue in obesity is involved in the development of insulin resistance. Activation of p53 in adipocytes has recently been implicated in insulin resistance in obesity, by unknown mechanisms. MicroRNA miR-34a is involved in the cellular response induced by p53 in different cell types. Among its targets, VAMP2 and Sirt1are two proteins involved respectively in the translocation of glucose transporters (Glut4) and the insulin sensitivity. We show that p53 expression is increased in adipocytes of obese mice. We are seeing an increased number of fat cells with DNA damage and also more damage in adipocytes from obese mice. The induction of DNA damage by doxorubicin and stabilization of p53 by Nutline inhibits glucose transport induced by insulin and the insulin signaling in murine and human adipocytes in vitro. Consistent with the p53 activation in adipocytes in obesity, we show that the expression of miR-34a is increased in the TA and obese mice adipocytes. Overexpression of miR-34a in 3T3-L1 adipocytes inhibits glucose transport in response to insulin, insulin signaling, lipolysis, and increases expression of the mRNA of leptin. We show that the inhibition of the insulin signaling is due to induction of the mRNA and the tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B by miR-34a. Inhibition of lipolysis is accompanied by inhibition of expression of ATGL, the rate-limiting enzyme in lipolysis. Common to all of these effects is the control of the expression of these proteins by Sirt1, a NAD + dependent deacetylase. However, inhibition of expression of miR-34a by Sirt1 can not account for all the observed effects