Propuesta de mejoras en el proceso de comercialización, despacho y distribución para una asociación productora y distribuidora de productos cárnicos del Cantón Pangua

Una asociación productora y distribuidora de productos cárnicos presenta una serie de falencias dentro de su sistema de manipulación, procesamiento y distribución de productos cárnicos, por lo cual este proyecto técnico tiene como finalidad establecer una propuesta de mejora para la aceleración del proceso productivo y la reducción de costos operativos.A producer and distributor association of meat products presents a series of shortcomings within its system of handling, processing and distribution of meat products, for which the purpose of this technical project is to establish an improvement proposal for the acceleration of the production process and the reduction of operating costs

Diseño de un equipamiento tipo concesionario de autos en la ciudad de Ibagué implementando la metodología bim y la bioclimatica

Este seminario de investigación se basa en la utilización de la metodología BIM (building Information Modeling) para ejecutar procesos en 2D y 3D de una manera eficiente, rápida y exacta, aplicado al diseño y desarrollo de un concesionario automotriz, ubicado en la zona rosa de la ciudad de Ibagué. Para la realización de este proyecto, se optó por la realización de un diseño de equipamiento comercial tipo concesionario, el cual se desarrolló un proceso de ingeniería dividido por etapas, en dónde en primera instancia se abordó un enfoque investigativo basado en la normativa técnica que requiere un edificio de esta tipología comercial, así como la normativa urbanística del sector; estableciendo objetivos de funcionalidad arquitectónica y eficiencia estructural que respondan de manera consecuente con las necesidades urbanas de la zona en donde se implantara el concesionario automotriz. En el desarrollo de este proyecto de ingeniería se evidencia de manera detallada el proceso evolutivo y de diseño para llegar a una propuesta formal con un volumen en 3D, exaltando de esta manera lo determinantes que son para las obras de construcción, el manejo de herramientas digitales en función de la ingeniería, así como profesionales capacitados en el manejo de estos softwares, que minimizan los errores y costos al ejecutar una obra. Por otro lado, en este proyecto se busca implementar una tecnología que pueda ser eco sostenible, que beneficie el medio ambiente y la salud de los ibaguereños, implementando la instalación de filtros que purifiquen el aire dentro de las instalaciones del concesionario, las cuales eliminaran partículas sólidas en forma de hollín que da lugar a los humos negros, óxidos de nitrógeno y cualquier emisión procedente del combustible fósil. Por último, se estudiaron referentes de proyectos de ingeniería que utilizaron la metodología BIM para elaborar sus proyectos de una manera más rápida en la etapa de diseño de un concesionario y con un resultado eficiente, enfocadas en el uso de herramientas como REVIT y CYPECAD debido a su practicidad y sus múltiples funciones que brindan diferentes posibilidades en la etapa de diseño y así cumpliendo con los parámetros de la normativa NRS-10, NTC 1500 y NTC 1000.This works presents the results of the research seminar, it is based on the use of the BIM methodology (building Information Modeling) in order to perform processes in 2D and 3D in an efficient, fast and accurate, applied to the design and development of a car dealership, located in the Zona Rosa of the city of Ibague. For the realization of this project, a commercial equipment design for a dealership, an engineering process divided in stages was developed. It began by conducting research on the technical regulations required for a building of this commercial type, as well as the urban planning regulations of the sector and establishing objectives of both architectural functionality and structural efficiency that respond consistently with the urban needs of the area where the car dealership will be located. During the development of this engineering project, both the evolutionary and design processes are evidenced in detail, to finally provide a formal proposal based in a 3D volumen designe, highlightin the importance of the use of digital tools applied to engineering, as well as the need of trained professionals in order to minimize errors and costs during the execution of the work. Further, this project plans to introduce an eco-sustainable technology that benefits the environment and the health of Ibaguereños, implementing the installation of filters that purify the air within the car dealership facilities, which will eliminate solid particles in form of soot that gives rise to black smoke, nitrogen oxides and any emission from fossil fuel. Finally, referents of engineering projects that used the BIM methodology in their development were studied in order to make efficient the design stage of the car dealership, focused on the use of tools such as REVIT and CYPECAD due to its practicality and its multiple functions that offer different possibilities in the design stage and thus complying with the parameters of the NRS-10, NTC 1500 and NTC 1000 regulations.Resumen -- Introducción -- 1. Descripción del problema -- 1.1. Descripción del lugar de estudio -- 2. Justificación -- 3. Objetivos -- 3.1. Objetivo general -- 3.2. Objetivos específicos -- 4. Marco teórico -- 4.1 Estado del arte -- 4.2 Concepto bim -- 4.3 Marco normativo y estándares en la metodología bim -- 4.4 Metodología bim -- 4.5 Arquitectura bioclimática -- 4.6 Marco geográfico -- 5. Metodología -- 5.1 Investigación y recopilación de datos -- 5.2 Análisis topográfico -- 5.2.1 Desarrollo del lote -- 5.3 Distribución espacia -- 5.4 Diseño arquitectónico -- 5.5 Diseño estructural -- 5.6 Instalación eléctrica -- 5.7 Instalación hidrosanitaria -- 5.8 Volumetría -- 5.9 Desarrollo y funcionalidad -- 6. Resultados -- 6.1 Investigación y recopilación de datos -- 6.2 Análisis topográfico -- 6.3 Desarrollo del lote -- 6.4 Distribución espacial -- 6.5 Diseño arquitectónico -- 6.6 Diseño estructura -- 6.6.1 Análisis sísmico -- 6.6.2. Espectro elástico de aceleración de diseño -- 6.6.3 Simulación de la estructura aplicando fuerzas en eje x -- 6.7 Instalación hidrosanitaria -- 6.8 Instalación eléctrica -- 6.9 Volumetría -- 6.10 Desarrollo y funcionalidad -- 6.11 Presupuesto del proyecto -- 7. Conclusiones -- 8. Recomendaciones -- Bibliografí

Case report: Cytokine hemoadsorption in a case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma

Cytokine hemoadsorption; Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; Multiorgan dysfunctionHemoadsorció de citocines; Limfohistiocitosi hemofagocítica; Disfunció multiorgànicaHemoadsorción de citoquinas; Linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica; Disfunción multiorgánicaWe discuss a single case of Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) due to NK-type non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation with multiorgan dysfunction and distributive shock in which we performed cytokine hemoadsorption with Cytosorb ®. A full microbiological panel was carried out, including screening for imported disease, standard serologies and cultures for bacterial and fungal infection. A liver biopsy and bone marrow aspirate were performed, confirming the diagnosis. The patients fulfilled the HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria, and according to the 2018 Consensus Statements by the HLH Steering Committee of the Histiocyte Society, dexamethasone and etoposide were started. There was an associated hypercytokinemia and, due to refractory distributive shock, rescue therapy with cytokine hemoadsorption was performed during 24 h (within day 2 and 3 from ICU admission). After starting this procedure, rapid hemodynamic control was achieved with a significant reduction in vasopressor support requirements. This case report highlights that cytokine hemoadsorption can be an effective since rapid decrease in IL-10 levels and a significant hemodynamic improvement was achieved

Regulatory sites for splicing in human basal ganglia are enriched for disease-relevant information

Genome-wide association studies have generated an increasing number of common genetic variants associated with neurological and psychiatric disease risk. An improved understanding of the genetic control of gene expression in human brain is vital considering this is the likely modus operandum for many causal variants. However, human brain sampling complexities limit the explanatory power of brain-related expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and allele-specific expression (ASE) signals. We address this, using paired genomic and transcriptomic data from putamen and substantia nigra from 117 human brains, interrogating regulation at different RNA processing stages and uncovering novel transcripts. We identify disease-relevant regulatory loci, find that splicing eQTLs are enriched for regulatory information of neuron-specific genes, that ASEs provide cell-specific regulatory information with evidence for cellular specificity, and that incomplete annotation of the brain transcriptome limits interpretation of risk loci for neuropsychiatric disease. This resource of regulatory data is accessible through our web server, http://braineacv2.inf.um.es/

Identification of novel risk loci, causal insights, and heritable risk for Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies

Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Parkinson's disease have increased the scope of biological knowledge about the disease over the past decade. We aimed to use the largest aggregate of GWAS data to identify novel risk loci and gain further insight into the causes of Parkinson's disease. Methods We did a meta-analysis of 17 datasets from Parkinson's disease GWAS available from European ancestry samples to nominate novel loci for disease risk. These datasets incorporated all available data. We then used these data to estimate heritable risk and develop predictive models of this heritability. We also used large gene expression and methylation resources to examine possible functional consequences as well as tissue, cell type, and biological pathway enrichments for the identified risk factors. Additionally, we examined shared genetic risk between Parkinson's disease and other phenotypes of interest via genetic correlations followed by Mendelian randomisation. Findings Between Oct 1, 2017, and Aug 9, 2018, we analysed 7·8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms in 37 688 cases, 18 618 UK Biobank proxy-cases (ie, individuals who do not have Parkinson's disease but have a first degree relative that does), and 1·4 million controls. We identified 90 independent genome-wide significant risk signals across 78 genomic regions, including 38 novel independent risk signals in 37 loci. These 90 variants explained 16–36% of the heritable risk of Parkinson's disease depending on prevalence. Integrating methylation and expression data within a Mendelian randomisation framework identified putatively associated genes at 70 risk signals underlying GWAS loci for follow-up functional studies. Tissue-specific expression enrichment analyses suggested Parkinson's disease loci were heavily brain-enriched, with specific neuronal cell types being implicated from single cell data. We found significant genetic correlations with brain volumes (false discovery rate-adjusted p=0·0035 for intracranial volume, p=0·024 for putamen volume), smoking status (p=0·024), and educational attainment (p=0·038). Mendelian randomisation between cognitive performance and Parkinson's disease risk showed a robust association (p=8·00 × 10−7). Interpretation These data provide the most comprehensive survey of genetic risk within Parkinson's disease to date, to the best of our knowledge, by revealing many additional Parkinson's disease risk loci, providing a biological context for these risk factors, and showing that a considerable genetic component of this disease remains unidentified. These associations derived from European ancestry datasets will need to be followed-up with more diverse data. Funding The National Institute on Aging at the National Institutes of Health (USA), The Michael J Fox Foundation, and The Parkinson's Foundation (see appendix for full list of funding sources)

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks