Generic Web Server in Embedded Control Systems

The goal for this master thesis was to investigate the possibility of using an existing web server and modify it so it can be used in ABB controllers. The work has resulted in two different versions of a web server. The basic functionality is the same for both versions. The web servers are able to present a number of controller-related information. For example: hardware, which control programs that are executing in the controller, information about the firmware, and also system information like heap memory usage. It can also be used for changing different parameters. The two versions use different techniques for presenting the information. They are also implemented in different ways. The first version has a more user-friendly interface but requires more memory, 71 kb. The second version requires less memory, 48 kb, but does not have the same user-friendly interface

European Organization for Caries Research Workshop: Methodology for Determination of Potentially Available Fluoride in Toothpastes

Toothpastes are the most universally accepted form of fluoride delivery for caries prevention. To provide anti-caries benefits, they must be able to release fluoride during the time of tooth brushing or post brushing into the oral cavity. However, there is no standard accepted procedure to measure how much fluoride in a toothpaste may be (bio) available for release. The European Organization for Caries Research proposed and supported a workshop with experts in fluoride analysis in toothpastes and representatives from industry. The objective of the workshop was to discuss issues surrounding fluoride analysis in toothpaste and reach consensus on terminology and best practices, wherever the available evidence allowed it. Participants received a background paper and heard presentations followed by structured discussion to define the problem. The group also reviewed evidence on the validity, reliability and feasibility of each technique (namely chromatography and fluoride electroanalysis) and discussed their strengths and limitations. Participants were able to reach a consensus on terminology and were also able to identify and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. However, they agreed that most currently available methods were developed for regulatory agencies several decades ago, utilizing the best available data from clinical trials then, but require to be updated. They also agreed that although significant advances to our understanding of the mechanism of action of fluoride in toothpaste have been achieved over the past 4 decades, this clearly is an extraordinarily complex subject and more work remains to be done

Doha agreement meeting on terminology and definitions in groin pain in athletes.

BACKGROUND: Heterogeneous taxonomy of groin injuries in athletes adds confusion to this complicated area. AIM: The 'Doha agreement meeting on terminology and definitions in groin pain in athletes' was convened to attempt to resolve this problem. Our aim was to agree on a standard terminology, along with accompanying definitions. METHODS: A one-day agreement meeting was held on 4 November 2014. Twenty-four international experts from 14 different countries participated. Systematic reviews were performed to give an up-to-date synthesis of the current evidence on major topics concerning groin pain in athletes. All members participated in a Delphi questionnaire prior to the meeting. RESULTS: Unanimous agreement was reached on the following terminology. The classification system has three major subheadings of groin pain in athletes: 1. Defined clinical entities for groin pain: Adductor-related, iliopsoas-related, inguinal-related and pubic-related groin pain. 2. Hip-related groin pain. 3. Other causes of groin pain in athletes. The definitions are included in this paper. CONCLUSIONS: The Doha agreement meeting on terminology and definitions in groin pain in athletes reached a consensus on a clinically based taxonomy using three major categories. These definitions and terminology are based on history and physical examination to categorise athletes, making it simple and suitable for both clinical practice and research

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

Recovery kinetics of knee flexor and extensor strength after a football match

© 2015 The Authors. Published by PLOS. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128072We examined the temporal changes of isokinetic strength performance of knee flexor (KF) and extensor (KE) strength after a football match. Players were randomly assigned to a control (N = 14, participated only in measurements and practices) or an experimental group (N = 20, participated also in a football match). Participants trained daily during the two days after the match. Match and training overload was monitored with GPS devices. Venous blood was sampled and muscle damage was assessed pre-match, post-match and at 12h, 36h and 60h post-match. Isometric strength as well as eccentric and concentric peak torque of knee flexors and extensors in both limbs (dominant and non-dominant) were measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at baseline and at 12h, 36h and 60h after the match. Functional (KFecc/KEcon) and conventional (KFcon/KEcon) ratios were then calculated. Only eccentric peak torque of knee flexors declined at 60h after the match in the control group. In the experimental group: a) isometric strength of knee extensors and knee flexors declined (P<0.05) at 12h (both limbs) and 36h (dominant limb only), b) eccentric and concentric peak torque of knee extensors and flexors declined (P<0.05) in both limbs for 36h at 60°/s and for 60h at 180°/s with eccentric peak torque of knee flexors demonstrating a greater (P<0.05) reduction than concentric peak torque, c) strength deterioration was greater (P<0.05) at 180°/s and in dominant limb, d) the functional ratio was more sensitive to match-induced fatigue demonstrating a more prolonged decline. Discriminant and regression analysis revealed that strength deterioration and recovery may be related to the amount of eccentric actions performed during the match and athletes' football-specific conditioning. Our data suggest that recovery kinetics of knee flexor and extensor strength after a football match demonstrate strength, limb and velocity specificity and may depend on match physical overload and players' physical conditioning level.Published versio

Differentiering av aktiers röstvärde

Det är i svensk rätt tillåtet att ge ut aktier med olika röstvärde. Ingen aktie får emellertid ha ett röstvärde som överstiger tio gånger röstvärdet för en annan aktie (3 kap. 3 § ABL). Aktiebolag som före 1944 givit ut aktier med större röstvärdesskillnader än 1:10 får dock, med stöd av ABL:s övergångsbestämmelser, fortsätta att ge ut aktier med denna röstvärdeskillnad. Detta har bl.a. lett till att Ericssons röststarka A-aktier fortfarande har tusen gånger högre röstvärde än företagets B-aktier. Bruket av aktier med olika röstvärde har en lång tradition i svensk rätt och en undersökning av de svenska aktiemarknadsbolagen visar att närmare 60 procent av dem idag tillämpar röstvärdesdifferentiering. Differentiering av aktiers röstvärde förekommer även utomlands men inte alls i den utsträckning som är fallet i Sverige. I förevarande arbete utreds röstvärdesdifferentieringens för- och nackdelar och de överväganden frågan aktualiserar. Utredningen visar att möjligheten till röstvärdesdifferentiering är värdefull främst från två synpunkter. Dels bidrar den till ett aktivt och starkt ägande i ett företag, dels skulle i åtskilliga ägarna av aktier i expanderande företag avstå från nyemissioner om inte möjlighet fanns att ge de nya aktieägarna röstsvaga aktier. Det sistnämnda skulle bl.a. kunna påverka sysselsättning och ekonomisk utveckling negativt. Den största nackdelen med röstvärdesdifferentiering är den ökade risk för missbruk det medför att en aktieägare inte bär en mot sitt inflytande svarande risk. I en sådan situation kan det tänkas att han låter sina beslut rörande företagets verksamhet styras av andra intressen än bästa möjliga avkastning. Analysen av röstvärdesdifferentieringens för- och nackdelar utmynnar i slutsatsen att fördelarna överväger nackdelarna och att någon lagstiftning innebärande ett avskaffande därför inte bör genomföras. I uppsatsen utreds också ABL:s förbud mot vissa typer av vinstandelsbevis, en fråga som är nära relaterad till lagens bestämmelser om röstvärdesdifferentiering. I detta sammanhang diskuteras bl.a. vinstandelsbevisets rättsliga natur och huruvida ett förbud är befogat

Bilder av bildning - och dess frånvaro i det politiska talet om ett livslångt lärande

Studying a sample of what has been written about the concepts Bildung and lifelong learning, we find little connection between the two. The term Bildung, mostly used in the hermeneutic tradition, is understood as an individual’s way of interpreting the world. The skills of interpretation create individual freedom and a potential to achieve communicative capacity, which is essential in developing a deliberative democracy. In contrast, with the term lifelong learning, which is mostly found in a political context, the perspective of individual freedom in the above-mentioned sense is put to one side infavour of individual adjustment to economic needs. This essay raises questions about the importance of understanding the concept of Bildung in aknowledge-based community

Variabla inflygningsvinklar

Denna rapport redovisar en sammanfattning av förstudien Variabla inflygningsvinklar som genomförts inom ramen för IRIS-programmet under 2019-2020.Syftet med förstudien har varit att: Göra flygoperativa bedömningar i en Airbus 320 (A320) simulator ochlämna rekommendationer om huruvida det bedöms vara möjligt attutveckla en generell metodik för optimering av kurvade inflygningar medvariabla inflygningsvinklar. Denna optimering bedöms kunna leda tillminskat buller och emissioner under slutlig inflygning vid olikameteorologiska förhållanden då flygplanen kan flyga med vingklaffar ochmotorer i optimalt läge under längre perioder. Bygga upp flygoperativ expertis i Sverige kring användning avsvängstrategi med konstant radie relativt marken (RF-sväng),meteorologiska förhållanden samt icke nominella inflygningsvinklar ochdess betydelse för optimerade inflygningar.Förstudiens resultat indikerar att det kan finnas förutsättningar att utmana rådandesyn på transportsystemet genom att utmana den gängse tillämpningen avregelverket för procedurkonstruktion och tillhörande flygoperativa aspekter. Enmer dynamisk flygoperation som tar aktuella förhållanden med avseende påmeteorologiska variabler, flygplanets aerodynamiska egenskaper etc. i beaktandeunder icke-raka inflygningar bedöms ha stor potential i att kunna genereramiljövinster men kan kräva utveckling av systemstöd för både piloter ochflygtrafikledning. Rekommendationen är därför att fortsätta forskningen medmålet att optimera icke-raka flygprocedurer i Sverige med variablainflygningsvinklar.Variabla inflygningsvinklar tillsammans med icke-raka inflygningar, förstudi