Suscetibilidade de Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) a gamma-cyhalothrin sob condições de laboratório

Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) is an important biological control agent of the cotton leafworm [Alabama argillacea (Hübner)] in the cotton crops in Brazil. The use of selective products such as pyrethroids has been emphasized in this agroecosystem. Then, the susceptibility of the predatory stinkbug P. nigrispinus to the pyrethroid insecticide gamma-cyhalothrin was studied in the laboratory. Nymphs and adults of the predator were exposed to seven concentrations of the gamma-cyhalothrin via topical contact and ingestion through treated water. The concentrations studied of this insecticide via topical application were relatively harmless for adults of P. nigrispinus (females: LC50 = 143.5 ppm a.i., and males: LC50 = 145.1 ppm a.i.) and 5th-instar nymphs (LC50 = 103.9 ppm) as compared to via ingestion (females: LC50 = 1.98 ppm a.i., males: LC50 = 1.91 ppm a.i., and 5th-instar nymphs: LC50 = 2.05 ppm a.i.). The use of pyrethroids and beneficial insects in IPM programs should be better evaluated.Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) é um importante agente de controle biológico do curuquerê [Alabama argillacea (Hübner)] na cultura do algodão no Brasil. O uso de produtos seletivos tais como piretróides tem sido enfatizado no agroecosistema do algodoeiro. Portanto, estudou-se em laboratório a suscetibilidade do percevejo predador Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) ao inseticida piretróide gamma-cyhalothrin. As exposições via ingestão e aplicação tópica de ninfas de 5º ínstar, fêmeas e machos de P. nigrispinus a gamma-cyhalothrin foram feitas, usando-se sete concentrações do inseticida. Gamma-cyhalothrin via aplicação tópica foi relativamente menos tóxico às formas adultas de P. nigrispinus (fêmeas: CL50 = 143,5 ppm i.a. e machos: CL50 = 145,1 ppm i.a.) e às ninfas de 5º ínstar (CL50 = 103,9 ppm) desse predador, quando comparado a sua utilização por ingestão (fêmeas: LC50 = 1,98 ppm i.a., machos: LC50 = 1,91 ppm i.a. e ninfas de para ninfas de 5º instar: LC50 = 2,05 ppm i.a.). Os resultados dessa pesquisa sugerem que o uso de piretróides em programas de MIP deve ser avaliado com bastante cautela

Soil organomineral fertilization in garlic crop

Garlic (Allium sativum) stands out in the culinary and alternative medicine of many people. The crop is very responsive to adding fertilizers. Commonly the sources used are minerals, but in the last decade the demand for combining these with organic ones has grown, making up the organomineral fertilizers. Due to benefits in the soil and the consequent effect on crops yield, organominerals have been associated as a promising alternative in nutritional management. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the production of garlic under the application of organomineral fertilizer on soil. Quiteria was the variety used in the study. The design was a randomized complete block with five treatments: control (mineral fertilizer in the dose of 100% of the recommendation for the standard crop of the property) and four concentrations of the organomineral fertilizer (100; 80; 60 and 40% of the recommendation for the crop). The percentage of marketable garlic and SPAD index showed no significant difference between the fertilizations evaluated. It was concluded that the use of organomineral fertilizer in the rate of 80% offers the same performance in productivity compared to the 100% mineral, in addition to providing a higher quality in national garlic, as it offers a lower percentage of cull garlic bulbs, adding value in the national garlic chain

Field adaptation of sweet potato genotypes enriched of β-carotene, in the state of Goiás

Most sweet potato genotypes marketed in Brazil have white, yellow or cream pulp color with negligible carotenoid contents. The use of beta-carotene rich sweet potato materials may contribute to improve people welfare, especially those at critical nutritional conditions. The yield-related traits and marketable tuber quality of 10 beta-carotene biofortified (or not) sweet potato genotypes were assessed in a Brazilian Cerrado area.  Differences for all traits were found, with some materials prevailing. However, four of them (CNPH 1190, CNPH 1206, CNPH 1210 and CNPH 1310) showed good adaptability. CNPH 1210 had the highest yield (52.21 ton ha-1), 4.28 times higher than the Brazilian sweet potato average yield. CNPH 1210 and CNPH 1310 had the highest tuber numbers and the most preferred mass class for consumers, and therefore, they furnished the best marketable genotypes. Nevertheless, the materials CNPH 1210 and CNPH 1310 (both orange-fleshed sweet potatoes) stood out for tuber market quality. Our results may stimulate organized civil society efforts to improve the production and consumption of beta-carotene-rich sweet potato materials in municipalities in the Brazilian Cerrado

Production of lettuce crop under foliar organo-mineral fertilization and environment

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of the organo-mineral foliar fertilization and the environment in the lettuce crop. The work was carried out in a soil classified as Quartzipsamments, with loam texture and low initial availability of nutrients. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with a factorial arrangement 2 x 2 x 5, corresponding to two cultivars of lettuce (Crisp Vanda and Crisp Lucy Brown), two environments (with and without shading mesh at 35%) and five concentrations of Ferti Garden liquid fertilizer multipurpose via foliar, (0; 5; 10; 15 and 20% of the product in the solution), with 4 repetitions, containing 20 plants. Soil preparation was done manually and fertilized with 30 m3 hectare-1 of bovine manure, dead cover was also used. The foliar fertilizer was applied three times, at intervals of seven days, through a constant pressure sprayer, from 12 days after transplanting the seedlings. At 33 days after the transplant the plants were harvested and evaluated in the variables of head diameter, number of leaves, fresh matter and productivity. The cultivar Crisp Lucy Brown proved to be more demanding in terms of luminosity and mineral nutrition in relation to the cultivar Crisp Vanda. Therefore, the highest development and productivity of the Crisp Lucy Brown cultivar is obtained without shading mesh, with fertilization before sowing of 30 kg ha-1 of fowl bed and fertilization with 9.1% of the foliar fertilizer. While for the cultivar Crisp Vanda the highest productivity is obtained with shading mesh, and only with fertilization before sowing

Síndrome de Torsades de Pointes: análise de casos: Torsades de Pointes Syndrome: case analysis

A Síndrome de Torsades de Pointes (TdP) é uma taquiarritmia ventricular polimórfica de pacientes com um intervalo QT longo congênito ou induzido por fármacos, cujo eletrocardiograma possui aspecto de “torção das pontas” e os sinais e sintomas característicos são síncope, palpitação ou mesmo evolução para fibrilação ventricular e morte súbita. O sexo mais frequentemente acometido é o feminino, o diagnóstico se baseia no eletrocardiograma e o tratamento preconizado é o sulfato de magnésio (MgSO4) intravenoso, a correção dos distúrbios eletrolíticos, principalmente a hipocalemia e o tratamento da causa base, na TdP farmacoinduzida. O objetivo do estudo é analisar os casos de Síndrome de Torsades de Pointes em pacientes com alterações do intervalo QT no eletrocardiograma. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa, do tipo quantitativa, que utilizou as plataformas do PubMed, SciELO e Cochrane Library como bases de dados para seleção dos artigos, todos na língua inglesa. Foram utilizadas literaturas publicadas com recorte temporal de 2017 a 2022. De acordo com as literaturas analisadas, conclui-se que a TdP é uma taquiarritmia ventricular polimórfica com um mau prognóstico se não tratada precocemente com o MgSO4 intravenoso e, por ter diversas etiologias, é primordial que o diagnóstico preciso seja estabelecido de forma rápida, devido ao alto índice de mortalidade. Pacientes portadores da síndrome do QT longo congênita, bradicardia sinusal e bloqueio atrioventricular de 1º grau possuem predisposição para o desenvolvimento de TdP. Observa-se escassez na literatura a respeito das formas adequadas de prevenção da TdP, já que muitos pacientes que participam das triagens, muitas das vezes inefetivas, adquirem a síndrome após o uso de drogas que a predispõem, com prolongamento do intervalo QT, ou não sabem que possuem uma SQTL pré-existente, obrigatória para o desenvolvimento da TdP

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ