Solución de dos Escenarios presentes en Entornos Corporativos Bajo el Uso Tecnología CISCO

Este informe se realiza para culminar el diplomado de profundización de cisco, las prácticas se desarrollaron en packet tracert que nos permitió crear los escenarios, los cuales nos pueden ayudar en nuestra vida aplicando estos conocimientos. En este ejercicio se solucionara dos escenarios seleccionados, se documentará cada paso de la configuración de los dispositivos en cada escenario de la red solucionados en la red, al final se verificara la conectividad por medio de comandos, se manejan la conectividad de los equipos configurándolos con dirección ip e ipv6, con protocolos de enrutamiento dinámico, configuración de acceso mediante ssh o telnet, configuración de DHCP y NAT, se configura NTP, se verifica la conectividad para dar solución a los ejercicios.This report is done to complete the Cisco in-depth diploma, the practices were developed in packet tracert that allowed us to create the scenarios, which can help us in our lives by applying this knowledge. In this exercise, two selected scenarios will be solved, each step of the configuration of the devices in each scenario of the network solved in the network will be documented, at the end the connectivity will be verified by means of commands, the connectivity of the equipment is managed by configuring them with IP and IPv6 address, with dynamic routing protocols, access configuration through ssh or telnet, DHCP and NAT configuration, NTP is configured, connectivity is verified to solve the exercises

Diatoms as a paleoproductivity proxy in the NW Iberian coastal upwelling system (NE Atlantic)

The objective of the current work is to improve our understanding of how water column diatom's abundance and assemblage composition is seasonally transferred from the photic zone to seafloor sediments. To address this, we used a dataset derived from water column, sediment trap and surface sediment samples recovered in the NW Iberian coastal upwelling system. Diatom fluxes (2.2 (+/- 5.6) 10(6) valves m(-2) d(-1)) represented the majority of the siliceous microorganisms sinking out from the photic zone during all studied years and showed seasonal variability. Contrasting results between water column and sediment trap diatom abundances were found during downwelling periods, as shown by the unexpectedly high diatom export signals when diatom- derived primary production achieved their minimum levels. They were principally related to surface sediment remobilization and intense Minho and Douro river discharge that constitute an additional source of particulate matter to the inner continental shelf. In fact, contributions of allochthonous particles to the sinking material were confirmed by the significant increase of both benthic and freshwater diatoms in the sediment trap assemblage. In contrast, we found that most of the living diatom species blooming during highly productive upwelling periods were dissolved during sinking, and only those resistant to dissolution and the Chaetoceros and Leptocylindrus spp. resting spores were susceptible to being exported and buried. Fur-thermore, Chaetoceros spp. dominate during spring-early summer, when persistent northerly winds lead to the upwelling of nutrient-rich waters on the shelf, while Leptocylindrus spp. appear associated with late-summer upwelling relaxation, characterized by water column stratification and nutrient depletion. These findings evidence that the contributions of these diatom genera to the sediment's total marine diatom assemblage should allow for the reconstruction of different past upwelling regimes.CAIBEX [CTM2007-66408-C02-01/MAR]; REIMAGE [CTM2011-30155-C03-03]; Spanish Government, EXCAPA project [10MDS402013PR]; Xunta de Galicia; EU FEDER [INTERREG 2009/2011-0313/RAIA/E]; RAIA. co [INTERREG2011/2013-052/RAIA.co/1E]; CALIBERIA project [PTDC/MAR/102045/2008]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT-Portugal) [COMPETE/FEDER-FCOMP01-0124-FEDER-010599]; Xunta de Galicia (Spain) [SFRH/BPD/111433/2015]; FCT (Portugal) [SFRH/BPD/111433/2015]; [SFRH/BD/88439/2012

Complicaciones según manejo quirúrgico en pacientes con vólvulo de sigmoides en los Hospitales del Ministerio de Salud del Cusco 2015 - 2019

ANTECEDENTES: El vólvulo de sigmoides representa más del 50% de las obstrucciones intestinales, en el Perú la incidencia llega al 75%, es una emergencia frecuente y requiere un diagnóstico precoz y manejo oportuno, el estudio tiene como objetivo determinar si existe asociación entre el manejo quirúrgico y las complicaciones post operatorias en pacientes con vólvulo de sigmoides en los Hospitales del Ministerio de Salud Cusco en el periodo 2015 – 2019. METODO: El presente trabajo es de tipo cualitativo de corte transversal, retrospectivo y analítico. El diseño es observacional. Se revisaron 350 historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en los hospitales del Ministerio de Salud del Cusco en el periodo del 2015 – 2019. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó SPSS 21.0 y Microsoft Office Excel 2016. RESULTADOS: El vólvulo de sigmoides afecta más al género masculino (77.4%) con edades entre 60 y 69 años de procedencia rural (67.7%). Las complicaciones fueron más frecuentes en pacientes masculinos (26.2%) > 80 años (36%) de procedencia urbana (26.5%). El manejo quirúrgico más usado fue anastomosis primaria (76.8%) seguida por colostomía tipo Hartmann (22.6%). Las complicaciones se presentaron en el 41.8% (33/79) de colostomía Hartmann y 19.3% (52/269) de anastomosis primaria. Del total el 24.9% presentó complicaciones, las más frecuentes fueron: dehiscencia de anastomosis (11.6%) seguida de evisceración e infección de sitio operatorio (10.1%) cada una, el 46.5% son catalogadas como “otras”. La relación entre los parámetros pre, intra y postoperatorios frente a las complicaciones fueron significativos. La mortalidad fue del 6.6.%. CONCLUSIONES: Existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre el manejo quirúrgico y las complicaciones post operatorias en pacientes con vólvulo de sigmoides.BACKGROUND: Sigmoid volvulus accounts for more than 50% of intestinal obstructions, in Peru the incidence reaches 75%, it is a frequent emergency and requires early diagnosis and prompt management. The study aims to determine whether there is an association between surgical management and post-operative complications in patients with sigmoid volvulus in the Hospitals of the Ministry of Health in Cusco in the period 2015-2019. METHOD: This work is qualitative, cross-sectional, retrospective and analytical. The design is observational. 350 medical records of patients operated on for sigmoid volvulus who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the hospitals of the Ministry of Health of Cusco in the period of 2015-2019 were reviewed. For the statistical analysis, SPSS 21.0 and Microsoft Office Excel 2016. RESULTS: Sigmoid volvulus affects more males (77.4%) with ages between 60 and 69 years of rural origin (67.7%). Complications were more frequent in male patients (26.2%)> 80 years (36%) of urban origin (26.5%). The most widely used surgical management was primary anastomosis (76.8%) followed by a Hartmann-type colostomy (22.6%). Complications occurred in 41.8% (33/79) of Hartmann colostomy and 19.3% (52/269) of primary anastomosis. Of the total, 24.9% presented complications, the most frequent were: anastomosis dehiscence (11.6%) followed by evisceration and infection of the operative site (10.1%) each, 46.5% are classified as "other". The relationship between the pre, intra, and postoperative parameters versus complications were significant. Mortality was 6.6.% BACKGROUND: Sigmoid volvulus accounts for more than 50% of intestinal obstructions, in Peru the incidence reaches 75%, it is a frequent emergency and requires early diagnosis and prompt management. The study aims to determine whether there is an association between surgical management and post-operative complications in patients with sigmoid volvulus in the Hospitals of the Ministry of Health in Cusco in the period 2015-2019. METHOD: This work is qualitative, cross-sectional, retrospective and analytical. The design is observational. 350 medical records of patients operated on for sigmoid volvulus who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the hospitals of the Ministry of Health of Cusco in the period of 2015-2019 were reviewed. For the statistical analysis, SPSS 21.0 and Microsoft Office Excel 2016. RESULTS: Sigmoid volvulus affects more males (77.4%) with ages between 60 and 69 years of rural origin (67.7%). Complications were more frequent in male patients (26.2%)> 80 years (36%) of urban origin (26.5%). The most widely used surgical management was primary anastomosis (76.8%) followed by a Hartmann-type colostomy (22.6%). Complications occurred in 41.8% (33/79) of Hartmann colostomy and 19.3% (52/269) of primary anastomosis. Of the total, 24.9% presented complications, the most frequent were: anastomosis dehiscence (11.6%) followed by evisceration and infection of the operative site (10.1%) each, 46.5% are classified as "other". The relationship between the pre, intra, and postoperative parameters versus complications were significant. Mortality was 6.6.% BACKGROUND: Sigmoid volvulus accounts for more than 50% of intestinal obstructions, in Peru the incidence reaches 75%, it is a frequent emergency and requires early diagnosis and prompt management. The study aims to determine whether there is an association between surgical management and post-operative complications in patients with sigmoid volvulus in the Hospitals of the Ministry of Health in Cusco in the period 2015-2019. METHOD: This work is qualitative, cross-sectional, retrospective and analytical. The design is observational. 350 medical records of patients operated on for sigmoid volvulus who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the hospitals of the Ministry of Health of Cusco in the period of 2015-2019 were reviewed. For the statistical analysis, SPSS 21.0 and Microsoft Office Excel 2016. RESULTS: Sigmoid volvulus affects more males (77.4%) with ages between 60 and 69 years of rural origin (67.7%). Complications were more frequent in male patients (26.2%)> 80 years (36%) of urban origin (26.5%). The most widely used surgical management was primary anastomosis (76.8%) followed by a Hartmann-type colostomy (22.6%). Complications occurred in 41.8% (33/79) of Hartmann colostomy and 19.3% (52/269) of primary anastomosis. Of the total, 24.9% presented complications, the most frequent were: anastomosis dehiscence (11.6%) followed by evisceration and infection of the operative site (10.1%) each, 46.5% are classified as "other". The relationship between the pre, intra, and postoperative parameters versus complications were significant. Mortality was 6.6.% CONCLUSIONS: There is a statistically significant relationship between surgical management and postoperative complications in patients with sigmoid volvulus.Tesi

Group A Streptococcal S Protein Utilizes Red Blood Cells as Immune Camouflage and Is a Critical Determinant for Immune Evasion.

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a human-specific pathogen that evades the host immune response through the elaboration of multiple virulence factors. Although many of these factors have been studied, numerous proteins encoded by the GAS genome are of unknown function. Herein, we characterize a biomimetic red blood cell (RBC)-captured protein of unknown function-annotated subsequently as S protein-in GAS pathophysiology. S protein maintains the hydrophobic properties of GAS, and its absence reduces survival in human blood. S protein facilitates GAS coating with lysed RBCs to promote molecular mimicry, which increases virulence in vitro and in vivo. Proteomic profiling reveals that the removal of S protein from GAS alters cellular and extracellular protein landscapes and is accompanied by a decrease in the abundance of several key GAS virulence determinants. In vivo, the absence of S protein results in a striking attenuation of virulence and promotes a robust immune response and immunological memory

Shape resonances in nested diffraction gratings

The diffraction problem of a plane wave impinging on a grating formed by nested cavities is solved by means of the modal method, for $s$ and $p$ polarization modes. The cavities are formed by perfectly conducting sheets that describe rectangular profiles. The electromagnetic response of the grating is analyzed, paying particular attention to the generation of resonances within the structure. The dependence of the resonances on the geometrical parameters of the grating is studied, and results of far and near field are shown. The results are checked and compared with those available in the literature for certain limit cases.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figure

Diversity of HLA Class I and Class II blocks and conserved extended haplotypes in Lacandon Mayans.

Here we studied HLA blocks and haplotypes in a group of 218 Lacandon Maya Native American using a high-resolution next generation sequencing (NGS) method. We assessed the genetic diversity of HLA class I and class II in this population, and determined the most probable ancestry of Lacandon Maya HLA class I and class II haplotypes. Importantly, this Native American group showed a high degree of both HLA homozygosity and linkage disequilibrium across the HLA region and also lower class II HLA allelic diversity than most previously reported populations (including other Native American groups). Distinctive alleles present in the Lacandon population include HLA-A*24:14 and HLA-B*40:08. Furthermore, in Lacandons we observed a high frequency of haplotypes containing the allele HLA-DRB1*04:11, a relatively frequent allele in comparison with other neighboring indigenous groups. The specific demographic history of the Lacandon population including inbreeding, as well as pathogen selection, may have elevated the frequencies of a small number of HLA class II alleles and DNA blocks. To assess the possible role of different selective pressures in determining Native American HLA diversity, we evaluated the relationship between genetic diversity at HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 and pathogen richness for a global dataset and for Native American populations alone. In keeping with previous studies of such relationships we included distance from Africa as a covariate. After correction for multiple comparisons we did not find any significant relationship between pathogen diversity and HLA genetic diversity (as measured by polymorphism information content) in either our global dataset or the Native American subset of the dataset. We found the expected negative relationship between genetic diversity and distance from Africa in the global dataset, but no relationship between HLA genetic diversity and distance from Africa when Native American populations were considered alone

Aproveitamento da farinha do mesocarpo do babaçu (Orbignya martiana) para obtenção de etanol

O babaçu (Orbignya martiana) faz parte da família das palmeiras (Palmae) e é composto de epicarpo, mesocarpo, endocarpo e amêndoas; o mesocarpo representa 20% do fruto inteiro e é composto de até 60% de amido, que poderia ser utilizado na produção de etanol. Neste trabalho teve-se por objetivo desenvolver e aperfeiçoar o processo de produção de álcool a partir do mesocarpo do babaçu, bem como calcular os rendimentos do processo. Durante a fermentação, o mosto foi analisado quanto ao teor de açúcares residuais, pH, acidez e densidade relativa. As variáveis otimizadas foram pH e temperatura, por meio da análise da conversão do amido em glicose. As condições otimizadas para a α-amilase foram 100°C a pH 6, e para amiloglucosidase foram 60°C, pH 4. A hidrólise enzimática apresentou, nessas condições, um rendimento de 93%. O tempo de fermentação foi estipulado em 12h, conforme os parâmetros fermentativos analisados. A quantidade de álcool produzida, aproximadamente 3°GL, não foi afetada pela agitação. Essa concentração mostra que a fermentação apresentou um rendimento de 98%. Palavras-chave: Orbignya martiana. Babaçu. Amido. Fermentação Alcoólica. Etanol

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.Peer reviewe

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. METHODS: We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. FINDINGS: The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. INTERPRETATION: Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. FUNDING: WHO