11 research outputs found
Mineralogical and geochemical characterisation of warm water, shallow marine glaucony from the Tertiary of the London Basin
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'Mineralogical Society'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2017
- Field of study
Glaucony is present in the Palaeocene sediments of the London Basin, from the Thanet Sand Formation to the gravel beds at the base of the Lower Mottled Beds of the Reading Formation. The Upnor Formation glaucony is a rare example of formation in warm, shallow brackish water and this, combined with the ready availability of fresh material from boreholes, make this study important in developing our understanding of this mineral. Glaucony comprises up to 50% of the Upnor Formation, a grey to green sandstone, of variable thickness and composition, that was deposited in a warm, shallow marine to estuarine environment, ~55.6-56.2 Ma. Using morphological criteria, X-ray diffraction data and K+ abundance, the Upnor glaucony may be defined as evolved. The underlying shallow marine Thanet Sand contains <5% of nascent to slightly evolved glaucony. The REE data for the Upnor Formation suggest more than one source for the sediment from which the Upnor glaucony formed, while the Thanet REE data are consistent with a high detrital clay component.
In the Upnor Formation, the high proportion of glaucony that occurs as granule fragments rather than whole granules, and the high energy estuarine to shallow marine environment of deposition, are indicative of reworking. The Upnor glaucony is inferred to be intraformationally reworked, rather than derived from the Thanet Sand Formation. The glaucony may have formed in sediments deposited away from the main estuarine channel, and been subsequently reworked into higher energy sediments. Warm seas with freshwater mixing are more typically characteristic of verdine formation than of glaucony. The shallow, brackish environment of deposition suggests that there is not a clear distinction between the environmental requirements of verdine (or odinite) and glaucony (or glauconite), as is often proposed. The highly fractured, delicate nature of some granules indicates that they have experienced some maturation in situ, after reworking.
The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of Upnor Formation shark teeth and glaucony point to formation in low salinity water at ~23±3°C, also consistent with formation in the Upnor Formation, rather than in a fully marine sediment and subsequent reworking. A higher than normal temperature of formation may have increased the rate of evolution of glaucony.
Our multidisciplinary study considers many of the factors relating to depositional environment that must be considered when glaucony rich facies are encountered in comparable palaeoenvironmental settings elsewhere in the geological record
Effect of remote ischaemic conditioning on clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI): a single-blind randomised controlled trial.
- Author
- Aarøe Jens
- Abbass Hakam
- Abella-Ovalle Luis
- Adam Zul
- Agyemang Michael
- Ahlehof Ole
- Ahlehoff Ole
- Ahmad Yousif
- Al-Lamee Rasha
- Alberdi Lucía
- Aleti Shilpa
- Ali Danish
- Allen Kezia
- Alvares Wilson
- Alzuhairi Karam
- Amed Nadifa
- Anantharam Brijesh
- Andersen Grethe
- Andersen Henning Rud
- Anderson Michelle
- Andiapen Mervyn
- Andrews Michelle
- Ankersen Jens Peter
- Ansell Valerie
- Arango Amalia
- Armstrong Elissa
- Astarci Josenir
- Atkinson Emma
- Austin Rosalynn
- Avanzas Pablo
- Aziz Ahmed
- Azkhalil Mohammed
- Bales Emily
- Banerjee Prithwish
- Barclay Justin
- Barker Deborah
- Barker Joann
- Barmby David
- Bates Rachel
- Baucutt Karen
- Been Martin
- Beirnes Charmaine
- Bell Sheila
- Bennett Amy
- Bennett Lorraine
- Bernardo-Alba Pablo
- Berry Alan
- Berry Colin
- Besana Rissa
- Bhatre Gurbir
- Bhatti Rishma
- Bidle Amanda
- Bijsterveld Petra
- Bose Tuhina
- Boyle Georgina
- Brady Rebecca
- Braybrook Christine
- Breeze Jonathan
- Brennan Oliver
- Brett Sarah
- Brogan Richard
- Brown Janette
- Bucciarelli-Ducci Chiara
- Buchanan Louise
- Buelga-Díaz Covadonga
- Bueno Hector
- Bulluck Heerajnarain
- Burd Amanda
- Burnett Gillian
- Burtonwood Natalie
- Burunsuzoglu Senem
- Butler Robert
- Butler Robert
- Byrne Jean
- Bøtker Hans Erik
- Capel Robert
- Cappelen Helle
- Carruthers Gayle
- Carstensen Steen
- Castro Rafael
- Champney Felicity
- Chant Nicholas
- Charles Thabitha
- Chester Emma
- Chong Jun
- Christensen Erika Frischknecht
- Christiansen Evald Høj
- Christiansen Martin Kirk
- Christmas Natasha
- Chu Rebecca
- Chung Alan
- Cimas Teodorna
- Clapp Brian
- Clare Thomas
- Clarke Millie
- Clayton Tim
- Clifford Piers
- Cockayne Laura
- Colicchia Martina
- Collier Lucy
- Cooper Theresa
- Copas Andrew
- Copestick Jane
- Corps Ellie
- Corrigan Julie
- Cottam Victoria
- Cotton James
- Coward Paul
- Cox Emily
- Crause Jacolene
- Cruden Nick
- Cunliffe Denise
- Cunnington Michael
- Cuxton Josephine
- Dana Ali
- Dana Ali
- Darby Damaris
- Davies John
- Davies Justin
- Davies Nina
- de Cima Sara
- de la Hera Galarza Jesus Maria
- de la Roz Manuel
- De Mance Gianluigi
- De Sousa Phillipa
- Deen Zakhira
- del Valle Raquel
- Delaney Jane
- Denman Joanne
- Dias Priyanthi
- Dillon Angela
- Dimond Kirsty
- Din J.
- Dockerty Francesca
- Dodd Matthew
- Douglas James
- Douthwaite Rebecca
- Drew Martin
- Díaz-González Eloy
- East Clare
- Eaton Michelle
- Ellert Julia
- Elliott Rebecca
- Ellis Howard
- Elshiekh Dr Mohamed
- Elston Ruth
- Emery Lisa
- Engstrom Thomas
- Erntgaard Dennis
- Evans Richard
- Fahrai Gregor
- Farag Mohamed
- Fath-Orboubadi DR Fazin
- Fati Pene
- Fayed Hossam
- Fente Ana I.
- Fernandez Olga
- Fernández Elena
- Fernández-Carral Marcos Fernández-Carral
- Fernández-Gonzalo David
- Fernández-Mallo Francisco J.
- Finch Amanda
- Fleming Catherine
- Fofie Joyce
- Foundun Aboo
- Francis Rohin
- Francis Rohin
- Frank Emma
- Freeman Philip
- Freestone Beth
- Fuentes María D.
- Gale Joanne
- Gale Joanne
- Gallagher Ian
- Galván-Núñez Pablo
- Gamma Reto
- Garcia-Ruiz José Manuel
- García-Alonso María
- García-Castro Alfonso
- Gaughran Lisa
- Germon Rachel
- Gibson Kirsty
- Giebner Matthias
- Gill Abby
- Gill Simrat
- Giuffrida Gaia
- Given Rachel
- Glen James
- Goitia-Martín Javier
- Gomes Sara
- Gorog Diana
- Gorog Diana A
- Gowing Anne
- Gracey Jay
- Grech Ever
- Greenwood John
- Greenwood John P
- Gregory Sally
- Gregson Lisa
- Griffiths Huw
- Grosser Konrad
- Gue Ying
- Guinea Rocío
- Gunn Julian
- Guyatt Samantha
- Hall Charlotte
- Hall Ian
- Hall Lorna
- Hamid Mahmood
- Hansen Henrik Steen
- Hansen Knud Nørregård
- Hansen Poul Anders
- Hansen Troels Martin Hansen
- Harfield Scott
- Harkins Ruth
- Harland Charlotte
- Hartley Amy
- Hausenloy Derek J
- Haworth Peter
- Hayes Michelle
- Hedegaard Kim Witting
- Hedrera Segundo A.
- Helqvist Steffen
- Henderson Rob
- Hendry Cara
- Heppell Richard
- Hermosa Francisco J.
- Hernández Ernesto
- Hetherington Daniel
- Hetherington Simon
- Hildick-Smith David
- Hindle Julia
- Hjort Jakob
- Hoare Amy
- Hobson Alex
- Hodgson Adrian
- Hodierne Jeremy
- Hogrefe Kai
- Holloway Rachael
- Holmvang Lene
- Hoole Stephen
- Hopper Oliver
- Horler Stephanie
- Horner Victoria
- Horwood Carol
- Houghton Richard F
- Housley Kay
- Howe Serena
- Hudson Karen
- Hussein Jodie
- Hyndman Samantha
- Ibanez Borja
- Iglesias-Llaca Fernando
- Ilsley Mary
- Ingoldby Fiona
- Iqbal , Javid
- Iversen Allan
- Jack Pearse
- Jackson-Lawrence Karen
- Jakobsen Lars
- Jamal Zahra
- Jamieson-Leadbitter Caroline
- Jennison Alan
- Jensen Lisette Okkels
- Jensen Svend Eggert
- Johnstone Donna
- Jones Leslie
- Jones Sophie
- Joshi Francis
- Joyce Joan
- Junker Anders
- Jørgensen Erik
- Kaeng Lee
- Kaltoft Anne
- Kanji Rahim
- Kaur Ramandeep
- Kaur-Babooa Priya
- Kaus Henning
- Keate Kirstie
- Kelbæk Henning
- Kelly Julie
- Kelsall Nicci
- Kempel John
- Kennard Sarah
- Khan Arif
- Kharbanda Rajesh
- Kharbanda Rajesh K
- Khawaja Muhammed Zeeshan
- Knight Rosemary
- Knighton Abigail
- Kobson Barbara
- Kodoth Vivek
- Kolakaluri Laurel
- Koothoor Raiji
- Korsgaard Mette Tidemand
- Kotecha Tushar
- Krishnamoorthy Suresh
- Krishnamurthy Arvindra
- Kristensen Steen Dalby
- Laca Sonia I.
- Lakeman Nicki
- Langrish Jeremy
- Lasica Ratko
- Lassen Jens Flensted
- Laurence Julia
- Lazar Nicoleta
- Leathers Chris
- Lee Dr Kaeng
- Lee Kelvin
- Lee Sandra
- Lenzi Valentina
- Leonard Gerry
- Lippert Freddy K
- Llorente-Álvarez Susana
- Lloyd Steph
- Loder Chris
- Longbottom Colin
- Longman Kristel
- Lozano Iñigo
- Lucking Andrew
- Ludman Andrew
- Lønborg Jacob T
- Maart Clint
- Mackenzie Ailie
- Mackie Sarah
- Madsen Morten
- Maeng Michael
- Malik Iqbal
- Marber Michael
- Mark Bettina Løjmand
- Markham-Jones Helene
- Martin Katherine
- Martinez-González Eugenio
- Martins Joe
- Martínez-Bastida Ginés
- Martínez-Fernández César M.
- Martínez-Pérez Polácido J.
- Martínez-Valle Marta
- Massey Ian
- Mathur Anthony
- Matic Dragan
- Mcarthy Rachel
- McCormick Louise
- McFarlane-Henry Eleanor
- McGregor Andrew
- McLeod Jane
- McSkeane Anna
- Meade Tom
- Meadows Deborah
- Medina-Cameán Ana B.
- Mehmedbegovic Zlatko
- Merrick Angela
- Metherell Stella
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- Milasinovic Dejan
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- Mohiddin Saidi
- Mojela Idah
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- Moore Roger
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- Morgan Maureen
- Morris Steve
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- Mota Paula
- Mudd Alexandra
- Munir Shahzad
- Muriel-Velasco Ana
- Musa Anntoniette
- Musselwhite Janine
- Møller Ulla Kristine
- Nair Sunil
- Naves María C.
- Neal Debbie
- Nelthorpe Faye
- Neubauer Stephen
- Newman Hannah
- Nicholas Jennifer M
- Nicholson Anne
- Nicholson Susan
- Nonide Marta
- Norfolk Derek
- O'Connor John
- O'Donnell Joshua
- O'Kane Peter
- O'Neill James
- Oakes Trevor
- Ocampo Madelaine
- Odedra Toral
- Oliveira Joana
- Oliver Victoria
- Oommen Anu
- Orr Sarah
- Paddy Loveth
- Padrón Remigio
- Panicker Abeesh Sadasiva
- Parsons Georgina
- Pascual Isaac
- Pascual Susana
- Patale Sheetal
- Pavlidis Antonis
- Pedersen Danny Mejsner
- Pedersen Frants
- Pedersen Karin Møller
- Pedersen Knud Erik
- Pedley Lauren
- Pejic Marijana
- Peláez María C.
- Pemberton Chris
- Pengelley Clare
- Penney Lucy
- Pepper Stacey
- Perara Divaka
- Perkins Alexander
- Phillips Hannah
- Phuyal Urmila
- Pine Amy
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- Polokova Karin
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- prentice Scott
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- Prossora Mary
- Pulikal George
- Quintana Rosa B.
- Radford Elizabeth
- Radosavljevic-Radovanovic Mina
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- Rai Amrit
- Raju Prashanth
- Rakhit Roby
- Rakhit Roby D
- Ramlall Manish
- Ramos Angelo
- Ratcliffe Amanda
- Raungaard Bent
- Ravkilde Jan
- Redington Andrew
- Redman Emily
- Redwood Simon
- Redwood Simon
- Reed Helen
- Reeve Christy
- Relph Chris
- Richardson James
- Riches Joanne
- Riddervold Ingunn Skogstad
- Riedel Ella
- Roberts Josh
- Robertson Steven
- Rodil-Díaz Juan A.
- Rondán Juan
- Ross David
- Roy Liby
- Roza César L.
- Rozado José
- Ryan Tony
- Ryding Alisdair
- Ryding Alisdair D
- Saclot Louie
- Samaniego Beatriz
- Sanchez-Vidal Ruth
- Sandhu Kully
- Sarti Charlotte
- Saunamäki Kari
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- Savic Lidija
- Schmidt Michael R
- Schumacher Natasha
- Scott Kerry
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- Shaw Caroline
- Shelton Rhidian
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- Sherwood Martin
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- Skov Charlotte Schmidt
- Smallwood Andrew
- Smee Joanna
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- Smith Bethany
- Smith Clare
- Smith Ian
- Smith Jan
- Smith Megan
- Smith Trevor
- Snow Tom
- Solieri Ashley
- Somers Kathryn
- Spence Sharon
- Spickett Helen
- Spinthakis Nicholas
- Stables Rod
- Staines Jocasta
- Stankovic Goran
- Stimson Leah
- Storey Robert F.
- Strike Philip
- Subotic Ida
- Suttling Anne
- Suárez Alfonso
- Suárez-Coto Raquel
- Suárez-Noriega Raquel
- Sørensen Henrik Toft
- Sørensen Rikke
- Tapp Luke
- Tawiah Cecilia
- Taylor Rebecca
- Terkelsen Christian Juhl
- Thambi Sunil
- Theodorou Nana
- Thim Troels
- Thomas Isobel
- Thompson Rebecca
- Thornborough Lauren
- Thornton Emma
- Thuesen Leif
- Thygesen Kristian
- Tilsted Hans Henrik
- Tipping Aoife
- Tomlinson Lucy
- Tomlinson Sharon
- Topic Dragan
- Tresguerres Jose M.
- Turner Charlotte
- Turner Jenny
- Turney Sharon
- Upton Robert
- Uscumlic Ana
- Van Dyck Laura
- Varma Madhusudhan
- Varma Madhusudhan
- Veerapen Jessry
- Vega-Fernández José L.
- Vegas-Valle Jose M.
- Veien Karsten
- Venugopal Vinod
- Vertue Mark
- Victor Saji
- Villadsen Anton Boel
- Villanueva María J.
- Villar-Fernández Lara
- Vinagrero María S.
- Viribay Fernando M.
- Vlad Ionela
- von Weitzel-Mudersbach Paul
- Vukcevic Vladan
- Vázquez-Suárez María
- Waddington Natalia
- Wain Jill
- Waitrak Paulina
- Waldron Molly
- Wallace Lauren
- Walshe Siobhan
- Walvin Tom
- Warner Karen
- Watkins Richard
- Watkinson Oliver
- Weatherlley Louise
- Webb Ian
- Webb Ian
- Wells Nicki
- Westwood Mark
- Wheeldon Nigel
- Whitehead Helena
- Whiteside Charlene
- Wilkinson Conor
- Wilson Karen
- Wittrock Daniel
- Wolyrum Mathias
- Woods Sarah
- Wragg Christopher
- Yellon Derek M
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2019
- Field of study
BACKGROUND: Remote ischaemic conditioning with transient ischaemia and reperfusion applied to the arm has been shown to reduce myocardial infarct size in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). We investigated whether remote ischaemic conditioning could reduce the incidence of cardiac death and hospitalisation for heart failure at 12 months. METHODS: We did an international investigator-initiated, prospective, single-blind, randomised controlled trial (CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI) at 33 centres across the UK, Denmark, Spain, and Serbia. Patients (age >18 years) with suspected STEMI and who were eligible for PPCI were randomly allocated (1:1, stratified by centre with a permuted block method) to receive standard treatment (including a sham simulated remote ischaemic conditioning intervention at UK sites only) or remote ischaemic conditioning treatment (intermittent ischaemia and reperfusion applied to the arm through four cycles of 5-min inflation and 5-min deflation of an automated cuff device) before PPCI. Investigators responsible for data collection and outcome assessment were masked to treatment allocation. The primary combined endpoint was cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure at 12 months in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02342522) and is completed. FINDINGS: Between Nov 6, 2013, and March 31, 2018, 5401 patients were randomly allocated to either the control group (n=2701) or the remote ischaemic conditioning group (n=2700). After exclusion of patients upon hospital arrival or loss to follow-up, 2569 patients in the control group and 2546 in the intervention group were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. At 12 months post-PPCI, the Kaplan-Meier-estimated frequencies of cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure (the primary endpoint) were 220 (8·6%) patients in the control group and 239 (9·4%) in the remote ischaemic conditioning group (hazard ratio 1·10 [95% CI 0·91-1·32], p=0·32 for intervention versus control). No important unexpected adverse events or side effects of remote ischaemic conditioning were observed. INTERPRETATION: Remote ischaemic conditioning does not improve clinical outcomes (cardiac death or hospitalisation for heart failure) at 12 months in patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI. FUNDING: British Heart Foundation, University College London Hospitals/University College London Biomedical Research Centre, Danish Innovation Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation, TrygFonden
Increased Sense of Community for the Volunteers at Foreningen Folkemødet
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
The reinstatement of the death penalty in 1945
- Author
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
- Author
- Aamir Navivala
- Abdulwahab Arbi
- Abegail Hernandez Pena
- Abraham Hanburry
- Adedolapo Adeleke
- Adeera Levin
- Adil Hazara
- Adline Ghazi
- Agnes Masengu
- Ahmad Tuffaha
- Ahmed Awad
- Ahmed Ghanem
- Ai Fukasawa
- Aik Kheng Lee
- Aiko Terakawa
- Aiko Tomita
- Aiko Yamada
- Ailsa Geddes
- Airi Sato
- Akane Katanosaka
- Akane Yamamoto
- Akihiro Fujimoto
- Akihiro Katayama
- Akihito Tanaka
- Akiko Fujita
- Akiko Hashimoto
- Akiko Ishiguro
- Akiko Omata
- Akimasa Asai
- Akinwande Akinfolarin
- Akio Kanazawa
- Akiyo Nishiyama
- Akiyo Tanabe
- Alastair Rankin
- Alastair Woodman
- Albert Hing
- Albert Power
- Alberto Rosati
- Aldo P Maggioni
- Aldo Peixoto
- Aleksandra Murawska
- Alessandro D'Amelio
- Alex Aguilera
- Alex Baxter
- Alex Howson
- Alexa Wonnacott
- Alexander Hadley
- Alexander Hodakowski
- Alexander Paliege
- Alexis Africano
- Alexis Stevenson
- Alfio Giuffrida
- Alfred K Cheung
- Alia Hasan
- Alia Zubaidah Bahtar
- Alice Aitken
- Alice Guerini
- Aliseiya Garza
- Alison Cowley
- Alison Jenkins
- Alison Timadjer
- Allen Young
- Allison Leslie
- Amalia Caamano
- Amanda Aliu
- Amanda Axler
- Amanda Davis
- Amanda Scott
- Amanda Tyler
- Amar Ali
- Amber Avery
- Amber Hurst
- Amelia Te
- Ami Inamori
- Amin Oomatia
- Amir Kazory
- Amret Hawfield
- Amritanshu Pandey
- Amy Hudson
- Amy Hunter
- Amy Mottl
- Ana Moncada
- Anand Srivastava
- Anastassiya Reisler
- Anca Gherman
- Andre Valleteau
- Andrea Lorimer
- Andrea Schwab
- Andrea Webster
- Andrea Wilson
- Andreas Schneider
- Andrew Breach
- Andrew Connor
- Andrew Frankel
- Andrew Gordon
- Andrew Lewington
- Andrew Shepherd
- Andrew Steele
- Andy Burke
- Andy Measor
- Angela Bergner
- Angela Chamberlain
- Angela Field
- Angela Moon
- Angeline Mbuyisa
- Angharad Williams
- Anil George
- Anita Hepditch
- Anita Kamarzarian
- Anja Knoppe
- Anju Oommen
- Anke Torp
- Ankit Mehta
- Ann Bennett
- Ann Cooper
- Ann Vasseur
- Anna Brewer
- Anna Liew
- Anna Postal
- Anna Romo
- Anna Sampson
- Annalisa Aloisi
- Anne Froment
- Anne Grace
- Anne Schreiber
- Anne-Marie Beneat
- Annegret Fleischer
- Annette Kraemer-Guth
- Annie Saillant
- Annika Küpper
- Anoushka Bhatt
- Anthony Lambert
- Anthony Torres
- Anthoula Apostolidi
- Antonia Schuster
- Antonio Cardone
- Aoife O'Sullivan
- Aparna Padiyar
- Arash Rashidi
- Archie Maskill
- Arelis Madera
- Arif Khwaja
- Arihiro Kiyosue
- Asako Takesada
- Ashlee Morris
- Ashleigh Wheeler
- Ashley Lawson
- Ashwathy Varughese
- Ashwini Gore
- Asma Sabarai
- Astrid Maselli
- Atsuko Nakatsuka
- Atsuyuki Tokuyama
- Auguste Kutschat
- Autumn Wood
- Aya Kawase
- Aya Tanaka
- Aya Yamanaka
- Ayako Imai
- Ayana Tatsuzawa
- Aydin Er
- Ayesha Ali
- Ayesha Irtiza-Ali
- Aziee Sudin
- Bader Al-Zeer
- Baigent Colin
- Bak Leong Goh
- Balwinder Gill
- Ban Chai Peng
- Baochun Guo
- Barbara Bartolomei Mecatti
- Barbara Tucky
- Barbara Winter-Goodwin
- Barbara Zander
- Barry Johns
- Beate Schumacher
- Bellovich Keith
- Ben Bagwell
- Ben Caplin
- Bernd Hohenstein
- Bernd Kruger
- Bernd Schroppel
- Bernd Stratmann
- Bernhard Banas
- Bernhard Kraemer
- Bernhard Winkelmann
- Bethelihem Gebeyehu
- Bhavya Kothapalli
- Bhrigu Sood
- Bhupinder Grewal
- Bianca Weber
- Bianka Rettenmaier
- Binbin Jin
- Bob Goodenough
- Bradley Eilerman
- Brandy Caudill
- Brenner Susanne
- Brian Camilleri
- Brigitte Fuchs
- Britta Brettschneider
- Britta Zemann
- Brittany Cleveland
- Brittany Golson
- Brittany Whitmore
- Brueckmann Martina
- Camille Galloway
- Cara Healy
- Carina Krieger
- Carl-Philipp Roesch
- Carlo Castillo
- Carlo Garofalo
- Carlos Hernandez-Cassis
- Carlos Martinez
- Carly McDonald
- Carol Buckman
- Carol Knott
- Caroline Blake
- Carolyn Hutchinson
- Cashmere Hardy
- Cassandra Johnson
- Cassandra Kimber
- Cat Guest
- Cath Byrne
- Cathy Jackson
- Cecilia Barnini
- Cesira Cafiero
- Chakradhar Velagapudi
- Charalampos Kriatselis
- Charles Daniels
- Charles Herzog
- Charlotte Kamundi
- Chee Koon Low
- Chek Loong Loh
- Chelsia Bao Tyng Chan
- Chen Cheng
- Chen Hua Ching
- Cheng Beng Goh
- Cherney David
- Chetna Tailor
- Cheung Alfred K
- Chiara Saccà
- Chiara Salviani
- Chidambaram Nethaji
- Chie Hashimoto
- Chie Saito
- Chigusa Higuchi
- Chigusa Yamashita
- Chiho Murakami
- Chika Kuribayashi
- Chimaki Unekawa
- Chintankumar Barot
- Chloe Bird
- Chong Men Leong
- Chris Bowler
- Chrissie Ambrose
- Christian Albert
- Christian Hartner
- Christian Hugo
- Christina Büttner
- Christina Reith
- Christine Bond
- Christine Braun
- Christine Brown
- Christine McClary-Wright
- Christine Meshykhi
- Christine Pötz
- Christoph Stellbrink
- Christoph Wanner
- Christopher Goldsmith
- Christopher Hill
- Christopher Marshall
- Christopher Provenzano
- Christopher Sze Bing Sim
- Christopher Wong
- Chuanwen Xu
- Chukwuma Chukwu
- Chun Leong Low
- Chye Chung Gan
- Cindy Castro
- Cindy Vanhoy
- Claire Burston
- Claire Sharpe
- Claire Shenton
- Clare Hui Hong Tan
- Clare Macdonald
- Claudia Donhauser
- Claudia Foellinger
- Claudia Hanf
- Claudia Schmidt
- Claudia Schneider-Danwitz
- Clorinda Falcone
- Cole Valletta
- Conception Pugay
- Concetta Gangemi
- Conor Moran
- Cristina Badin
- Cristina Calvi
- Curtis Knight
- Cynthia Mohandas
- Daisuke Sato
- Daisy Arteaga
- Damini Jeyarajah
- Daniel Kraus
- Daniel Pinto
- Daniel Steffl
- Daniela Farrugia
- Danijela Bovan
- Danny Sugimoto
- Daria Motta
- Darya Hosein
- David Bains
- David Cherney
- David Loader
- David MacLean
- David Preiss
- David Sutton
- David Tietjen
- Davina Hewitt
- Debasish Banerjee
- Debbie Domingo
- Debbie Griffin
- Deborah Glowski
- Deborah Lund
- Deirdre Fottrell-Gould
- Denise Donaldson
- Denise Fleming-Brown
- Denise Laurienti
- Dennis Karounos
- Deo Rajat
- Derrick Bennett
- Devasmita Dev
- Dheeptha Radhakrishnan
- Diane Campbell
- Diane Watkins
- Diethelm Tschope
- Diliana Draganova
- Divya Birudaraju
- Dolores Rijos
- Domenico Santoro
- Dominic Fellowes
- Dominik Alscher
- Dominik Stoffler
- Donald Fraser
- Donata Lucci
- Donatella Bilucaglia
- Doo Yee Mah
- Doreen Zhu
- Doris Poehler
- Dorleena Gowen
- Duncan Browne
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- Tamaki Sasaki
- Tamara Isakova
- Tammi Glider
- Tammy Ross
- Tanaji Dasgupta
- Taneera Ghate
- Taniya Nimbkar
- Tanvi Talsania
- Tara Johnson
- Tasuku Nagasawa
- Tatsuhito Himeno
- Tatyana Chavagnon
- Tejas Patel
- Teresa Kozlowski
- Teresa McKinley
- Terri Chant
- Tetsuya Hosooka
- Tetsuya Shigehara
- Thahir Abdul-Samad
- The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group: Colin Baigent
- Theresa McCarthy
- Thiemo Pfab
- Thisun Saram
- Thomas Arnold
- Thomas Jones
- Thomas Phillips
- Thomas Pickett
- Thomas Sitter
- Thomas Walters
- Thomas Weinreich
- Tim Doulton
- Tim Williams
- Timothy Ellam
- Tina Harding
- Tina Ramsey
- Ting Meng
- Tingting Kan
- Tobias Bergler
- Toluleyi Sobande
- Tomoe Sato
- Tomohide Hayami
- Tomohito Gohda
- Tomohito Izumi
- Tomoka Nakamura
- Tomoki Kosugi
- Tomoko Hisatake
- Tomoko Morisaki
- Tomoko Takahashi
- Tomoko Takai
- Tomonori Hasegawa
- Tomoya Mita
- Torsten Schramm
- Toru Ikeda
- Toshiki Kano
- Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Toshiya Yamamoto
- Toshiyuki Komiya
- Toyoyoshi Uchida
- Tracey Cummins
- Tracy Fuller
- Tracy Spinola
- Trevor Greene
- Tricia Young
- Tristan Daniels
- Tsukasa Iwakura
- Tuttle Katherine R
- Tze Jian Ng
- Ulla Ludwig
- Ulrike Giebeln-Hudnell
- Ulrike Schmidt
- Urs Benck
- Ursula Hohenstatt
- Usah Lilavivat
- Vahid Mahabadi
- Vanessa Rivers
- Verlaine Stewart-Ray
- Veronica Poma
- Veronica Yousif
- Vesta Lai
- Vicki Adell
- Vicki Brindle
- Vicki Dodds
- Vicki Donley
- Vickie Jones
- Victoria Carnall
- Victoria Gonce
- Vimal Derebail
- Vinay Varad
- Vittorio Ortalda
- Vivian Yiu
- Vladimir Cejka
- Volker Schettler
- Volker Vielhauer
- Wael Eid
- Wagdy Basily
- Wakako Isari
- Wallendszus Karl
- Waltraud Kmietschak
- Wan Ahmad Faizal Alaidin Razali
- Wan Hazlina Wan Mohamad
- Wanner Christoph
- Waqar Ayub
- Waseem Karsan
- Wasim Deeb
- Wasim Hanif
- Wataru Ogawa
- Wei Wang
- Wei Wei
- Weijing Bian
- Weiping Hou
- Weixin Kong
- Wen Jiun Liu
- Wen Liu
- Wendy Arriaga
- Wiebke Kaluza-Schilling
- Will Stevens
- William Durham
- William G Herrington
- William G Herrington
- William Hodge
- William Petchey
- Wolf-Adam Seeger
- Wolfgang Seeger
- Wuhanbilige Hundei
- Xavier Rossello
- Xia Song
- Xiangcheng Xiao
- Xiaojing Jiao
- Xiaojue Li
- Xiaoliang Wang
- Xinzhou Zhang
- Xiumei Hu
- Xuejiao Liu
- Xueying Wang
- Yan Li
- Yanmei Xu
- Yanping Wang
- YanRu Qiao
- Yanwu Yu
- Yanyun Xie
- Yao Weng
- Yao Yao
- Yasemin Kavak
- Yasuhiko Furukawa
- Yasuhiko Ito
- Yasuhiko Kanaguchi
- Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Yasushi Iwaita
- Ye Mun Low
- Yee Yan Lee
- Yew Fong Liew
- Yi Loon Tye
- Yik Hong Wong
- Yik Shen Lim
- Ying Hu
- Ying Jiang
- Ying Kuan
- Ying Lu
- Yinghua Chen
- Yohei Ejima
- Yoko Inukai
- Yolanda Miller
- Yong Chieh Chan
- Yonghong Bu
- Yoshiaki Morishita
- Yoshie Shibata
- Yoshifumi Tamura
- Yoshihiko Yamasaki
- Yoshihisa Wada
- Yoshikazu Tamori
- Yoshiki Suzuki
- Yoshimitsu Yamasaki
- Yoshinari Yasuda
- Yoshinori Osaki
- Yoshiro Kato
- Yoshiyuki Hamamoto
- Yosuke Hirakawa
- Yosuke Nakagawa
- Youcef Mostefai
- Young Lee-Barkey
- Yu An
- Yu Chen
- Yu Chen Ong
- Yu Yamanouchi
- Yuana Mohd Yusoff
- Yuichiro Munakata
- Yuji Oe
- Yuka Sato
- Yuka Ueda
- Yukari Miura
- Yuki Fujita
- Yuki Fukao
- Yuki Omori
- Yukihiro Shimizu
- Yukihiro Yamaji
- Yukiko Nakayama
- Yukiko Toyonaga
- Yukiko Wakita
- Yuko Katsuda
- Yuko Makita
- Yuko Okada
- Yuko Orimo
- Yumi Osawa
- Yushi Hirota
- Yusuke Suzuki
- Yutaka Kamimura
- Yuya Nishida
- Yvette Webley
- Yvonne Ehrl
- Yvonne Jackson
- Zabrina Lozon
- Zaid Azhari
- Zaiha Harun
- Zainab Sheriff
- Zanaida Cooper
- Zay Htet
- Zhang Duan Tham
- Zhi-Hong Liu
- Zhirui Zhao
- Zhu Doreen
- Zhuo Tang
- Zohreh Forghani
- Zuber Patel
- Publication venue
- 'Massachusetts Medical Society'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Background The effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk for disease progression are not well understood. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial was designed to assess the effects of treatment with empagliflozin in a broad range of such patients. Methods We enrolled patients with chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 20 but less than 45 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area, or who had an eGFR of at least 45 but less than 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams) of at least 200. Patients were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or matching placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of progression of kidney disease (defined as end-stage kidney disease, a sustained decrease in eGFR to < 10 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2), a sustained decrease in eGFR of & GE;40% from baseline, or death from renal causes) or death from cardiovascular causes. Results A total of 6609 patients underwent randomization. During a median of 2.0 years of follow-up, progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 432 of 3304 patients (13.1%) in the empagliflozin group and in 558 of 3305 patients (16.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.82; P < 0.001). Results were consistent among patients with or without diabetes and across subgroups defined according to eGFR ranges. The rate of hospitalization from any cause was lower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.95; P=0.003), but there were no significant between-group differences with respect to the composite outcome of hospitalization for heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes (which occurred in 4.0% in the empagliflozin group and 4.6% in the placebo group) or death from any cause (in 4.5% and 5.1%, respectively). The rates of serious adverse events were similar in the two groups. Conclusions Among a wide range of patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression, empagliflozin therapy led to a lower risk of progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes than placebo
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- Iwaguchi
- J.
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- Jacob
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- James
- James
- James
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- Janke
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- Johnson
- Johnson
- Johnson
- Johnson
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- Johnson
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- Johnson
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- Kobayashi
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- Kodama
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- Krasil'nikov
- Krasil'nikov
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- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreger-van Rij
- Kreisel
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- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kurtzman
- Kuttin
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- Kvasnikov
- Kvasnikov
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- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kwon-Chung
- Kühlwein
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- Laaser
- Laaser
- Lachance
- Lachance
- Lachance
- Lachance
- Lachance
- Lachance
- Lachance
- Lachance
- Lachance
- Lachance
- Lachance
- Lachance
- Lachance
- Lachance
- Lachance
- Lachance
- Lachance
- Lachance
- Lachance
- Laffin
- Laffin
- Lake
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- Lane
- Langeron
- Langeron
- Langeron
- Langeron
- Langeron
- Langeron
- Langeron
- Langeron
- Langeron
- Larocco
- Last
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- Lathitha
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- Laurent
- Lavie
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- Lee
- Lee
- Lee
- Lee
- Lee
- Lee
- Lee
- Lee
- Lee
- Lee
- Lee
- Lee
- Leeming
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- Lehmann
- Lehmann
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- Lin
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- Lindegren
- Lindegren
- Linder
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- Lindner
- Lindner
- Lindner
- Lindner
- Lindner
- Lindner
- Lindner
- Lindner
- Lindner
- Lindner
- Link
- Link
- Lipinski
- Liu
- Lloyd
- Lochhead
- Lochhead
- Locquin
- Lodder
- Lodder
- Lodder
- Lodder
- Lodder
- Lodder
- Lodder
- Lodder
- Lodge
- Lodolo
- Lolle
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- Lowy
- Lowy
- Lu
- Lu
- Lucet
- Ludwig
- Ludwig
- Ludwig
- Ludwig
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- Lushbaugh
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- Macfie
- Mackenzie
- Mackinnon
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- Marchant
- Marcilla
- Marcilla
- Marengo
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- Markham
- Markham
- Marks
- Marmur
- Marmur
- Marmur
- Martin
- Martin
- Martin
- Martinac
- Martini
- Martini
- Martini
- Martini
- Martnicki-Garcia
- Martínez
- Martínez
- Martínez
- Marvanová
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- Masuda
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- Matthewson
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- Mazza
- Mazza
- Mazza
- Mazza
- Mazza
- Mazé
- McArthur
- McCarroll
- McClary
- McCullough
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- McFarland
- McGinnis
- McKenzie
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- Mendel
- Mendonça-Hagler
- Mendonça-Hagler
- Mendonça-Hagler
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- Merz
- Messner
- Messner
- Metschnikoff
- Metzler
- Meyer
- Meyer
- Meyer
- Meyer
- Meyer
- Meyer
- Meyer
- Meyer
- Meyer
- Meyer
- Meyer
- Meyer
- Micales
- Michod
- Middelbeek
- Middelbeek
- Middelbeek
- Middelbeek
- Middelbeek
- Middelhoven
- Middelhoven
- Migula
- Mikata
- Mikata
- Mikata
- Mikata
- Miller
- Miller
- Miller
- Miller
- Miller
- Miller
- Mims
- Mims
- Mims
- Min
- Minami
- Minter
- Miranda
- Misra
- Mitchell
- Mitchison
- Mix
- Mix
- Mix
- Mix
- Miyaji
- Miyakawa
- Miyata
- Mizutani
- Mochizuki
- Moens
- Moens
- Moens
- Mogi
- Mogi
- Mogi
- Mogi
- Molano
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- Monod
- Montijn
- Montrocher
- Montrocher
- Montrocher
- Moor
- Moor
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Moore
- Morace
- Morais
- Morenz
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- Morikawa
- Moriyon
- Mortimer
- Mortimer
- Moses
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- Mrak
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- Mu
- Mukerji
- Muller
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- Mulvany
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- Nadson
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- Naganishi
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- Naganishi
- Naganishi
- Naganishi
- Naganishi
- Nagasawa
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- Nakajima
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
- Nakase
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- Nakazawa
- Nakazawa
- Nakazawa
- Nakazawa
- Nakazawa
- Nannizzi
- Nasmyth
- Nasuno
- Naumov
- Naumov
- Naumov
- Naumov
- Naumov
- Naumov
- Naumov
- Naumov
- Naumov
- Naumov
- Naumov
- Naumov
- Nealson
- Nechitsch
- Negroni
- Negroni
- Negroni
- Negroni
- Nehrbass
- Nel
- Neveu-Lemaire
- Neveu-Lemaire
- Newell
- Newell
- Nickerson
- Nickerson
- Nickerson
- Nickerson
- Niehaus
- Nielsen
- Nieuwdorp
- Nigam
- Nilsson-Tillgren
- Nilsson-Tillgren
- Nilsson-Tillgren
- Nishida
- Nishida
- Nishida
- Nishimura
- Nishiura
- Nishiwaki
- Nishiwaki
- Niño
- Niño
- Niño
- Niño
- Niño
- Niño
- Noda
- Noda
- Nomoto
- Nosik
- Novák
- Novák
- Novák
- Novák
- Nowakowska-Waszczuk
- Nurudeen
- Nyland
- Nyland
- O'Connor
- O'Connor
- O'Donnell
- O'Donnell
- O'Donnell
- O'Leary
- Oberwinkler
- Oberwinkler
- Oberwinkler
- Oberwinkler
- Oberwinkler
- Oberwinkler
- Oberwinkler
- Oberwinkler
- Oberwinkler
- Oberwinkler
- Oberwinkler
- Oberwinkler
- Oberwinkler
- Oberwinkler
- Oberwinkler
- Oberwinkler
- Ochman
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- Olive
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- Olive
- Olive
- Olive
- Olson
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- Onishi
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- Osterwalder
- Osterwalder
- Osterwalder
- Osumi
- Ota
- Ota
- Ota
- Ota
- Ota
- Ota
- Ota
- Ota
- Ota
- Otani
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- Packer
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- Pagano
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- Palawal
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- Panchal
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- Papadakis
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- Pedersen
- Pedersen
- Peglion
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- Peterson
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- Petes
- Petit
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- Pfeiffer
- Pfeiffer
- Pfeiffer
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- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phaff
- Phelan
- Philliskirk
- Picci
- Pignal
- Pignal
- Pignal
- Pijper
- Pilat
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- Pitt
- Pitt
- Pitt
- Pitt
- Pitt
- Plaut
- Plaut
- Plevako
- Polacheck
- Polacheck
- Pollacci
- Pollacci
- Pollacci
- Pollacci
- Polonelli
- Polonelli
- Polonelli
- Poncet
- Poncet
- Poncet
- Poon
- Poon
- Popta
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- Pore
- Pore
- Pore
- Pore
- Pore
- Pore
- Pore
- Pore
- Pore
- Pou
- Pretorius
- Price
- Price
- Pridham
- Prillinger
- Prillinger
- Prillinger
- Prillinger
- Prillinger
- Prillinger
- Prillinger
- Pringsheim
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- Pritchard
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- Pulverer
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- Ramírez
- Ramírez
- Ramírez
- Ramírez
- Ramírez
- Ramírez
- Ramírez
- Ramírez
- Ramírez
- Ramírez
- Ramírez
- Ramírez
- Ramírez
- Ramírez
- Ramírez
- Ramírez
- Ramírez
- Ramírez
- Ramírez
- Ramírez
- Ramírez Gómes
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- Ramírez Gómez
- Ramírez Gómez
- Rankine
- Rao
- Raper
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- Re
- Recca
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- Redaelli
- Redaelli
- Redaelli
- Redaelli
- Reddy
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- Reiss
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- Rodrigues
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- Rodrigues de Miranda
- Rodrigues de Miranda
- Rodrigues de Miranda
- Rodrigues de Miranda
- Rodrigues de Miranda
- Rodrigues de Miranda
- Rodrigues de Miranda
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- Rodrigues de Miranda
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- Roeijmans
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- Saito
- Saito
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- Santa María
- Santa María
- Santa María
- Santa María
- Santa María
- Santa María
- Santa María
- Santa María
- Santa María
- Santa María
- Santa María
- Santa María
- Santa María
- Santa María
- Santa María
- Santa María
- Santa María
- Santa María
- Santa María
- Santa María
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- Sartory
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- Sartory
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- Saëz
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- Saëz
- saëz
- Saëz
- Saëz
- Saëz
- Saëz
- Saëz
- Saëz
- Saëz
- Saëz
- Scaramella
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- Scheda
- Scheda
- Scheda
- Scheffers
- Schekman
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- Schimon
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- Schiönning
- Schmidt
- Schmitt
- Schmitt
- Schmitt
- Schmitt
- Schnegg
- Schnegg
- Schnegg
- Schneider
- Schneider
- Schoellhorn
- Schroeter
- Schroeter
- Schultz
- Schumacher
- Schweizer
- Scott
- Scott
- Scott
- Scott
- Scott
- Scrivani
- Seeliger
- Seidler
- Seidler
- Seifert
- Semenova
- Semenova
- Sentheshanmuganathan
- Senéz
- Sesma
- Seyfert
- Seymour
- Shadomy
- Shann
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- Shehata
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- Shen
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- Shields
- Shifrine
- Shifrine
- Shifrine
- Shin
- Shivas
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- Siciliano
- Sidenberg
- Sidenberg
- Sieburth
- Siepmann
- Sierra
- Sietsma
- Sigler
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- Simione
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- Simmons
- Simmons
- Sinclair
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- Skinner
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- Skinner
- Skipper
- Slininger
- Slininger
- Slodki
- Slodki
- Slodki
- Slodki
- Sloff
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- Slooff
- Slooff
- Slooff
- Smit
- Smit
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Smith
- Sneath
- Snell
- Snider
- Snider
- Socias Amorós
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- Soll
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- Sonck
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- Sone
- Soneda
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- Soneda
- Soneda
- Sor
- Spaaij
- Spaaij
- Spaaij
- Spaaij
- Spaaij
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- Sparrow
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- Spencer
- Spencer
- Spencer
- Spencer
- Spencer
- Spencer
- Spencer-Martins
- Splendore
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- Stadelmann
- Stahl
- Staib
- Staib
- Staib
- Stark
- Stark
- Starmer
- Starmer
- Starmer
- Starmer
- Starmer
- Starmer
- Starmer
- Starmer
- Starmer
- Starmer
- Starmer
- Starmer
- Starmer
- Starmer
- Starmer
- Starmer
- Starmer
- Starmer
- Stautz
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- Steele
- Steensma
- Steer
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- Stenderup
- Stenderup
- Stenderup
- Stewart
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- Storck
- Storck
- Stout
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- Strachan
- Streiblová
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- Stumm
- Sturley
- Sturm
- Su
- Su
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- Sugisaki
- Sugita
- Sugita
- Sugita
- Sugiyama
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- Sugiyama
- Sugiyama
- Sugiyama
- Sugiyama
- Sugiyama
- Sugiyama
- Suh
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- Suh
- Suh
- Suh
- Suh
- Sullivan
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- Surawicz
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- Suzuki
- Suzuki
- Suzuki
- Suzuki
- Suzuki
- Suzuki
- Suzuki
- Suzuki
- Suzuki
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- Swann
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- Swann
- Sydow
- Sydow
- Sydow
- Syrop
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- Takahashi
- Takahashi
- Takano
- Takano
- Takeda
- Takematsu
- Takeo
- Talbot
- Talice
- Tamaoka
- Tanaka
- Tanaka
- Tanaka
- Tangers
- Tani
- Taniguchi
- Tatsumi
- Taylor
- Taylor
- Taylor
- Templeton
- Tengku Zainal Mulok
- Teunisson
- Thaysen
- Therrien
- Thornton
- Timberlake
- Tipper
- Todd
- Toffaletti
- Toh-e
- Toh-e
- Toivola
- Tokuoka
- Tolstorukov
- Torkelsen
- Toyomasu
- Traquair
- Traquair
- Trinci
- Trotsenko
- Trowbridge
- Truss
- Trüper
- Tsai
- Tschalenko
- Tsuchiya
- Tsuchiya
- Tsuchiya
- Tsuchiya
- Tsuchiya
- Tsuchiya
- Tsugawa
- Tsuneda
- Tsuneda
- Tubaki
- Tubaki
- Tubaki
- Tubaki
- Tubaki
- Tulasne
- Tulasne
- Turner
- Tuse
- Tuynenburg-Muys
- Ullman
- Ulloa
- Ulloa
- Unger
- Urakami
- Urakami
- Vacek
- Valadon
- Valadon
- Valadon
- Valverde
- van Belkum
- van Beyma
- Van Cutsem
- Van de Peer
- van der Burg
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van der Walt
- van Dijken
- van Eijk
- Van Etten
- van Iterson
- van Laer
- van Oorschot
- van Oorschot
- van Rij
- Van Rinsum
- van Uden
- van Uden
- van Uden
- van Uden
- van Uden
- van Uden
- van Uden
- van Uden
- van Uden
- van Uden
- van Uden
- van Uden
- van Uden
- van Wyk
- Van Zyl
- Vanbreuseghem
- Vanbreuseghem
- Vancanneyt
- Varga
- Varma
- Vaughan-Martini
- Vaughan-Martini
- Vaughan-Martini
- Vaughan-Martini
- Vaughan-Martini
- Vaughan-Martini
- Vaughan-Martini
- Vaughan-Martini
- Vaughan-Martini
- Vaughan-Martini
- Vaughan-Martini
- Vaughan-Martini
- Vaughan-Martini
- Vaughan-Martini
- Vaughan-Martini
- Vaughan-Martini
- Vaughan-Martini
- Veerkamp
- Verdun
- Verdun
- Verona
- Verona
- Verona
- Verona
- Verona
- Verona
- Verona
- Verona
- Verona
- Verona
- Verona
- Verona
- Verrall
- Vesonder
- Vidal-Leiria
- Vidal-Leiria
- Vidal-Leiria
- Vidal-Leiria
- Vilgalys
- Viljoen
- Viljoen
- Viljoen
- Viljoen
- Viljoen
- Vincent
- Vishniac
- Vishniac
- Vishniac
- Vishniac
- Vishniac
- Vishniac
- Viswanathan
- Vivoli
- von Arx
- von Arx
- von Arx
- von Arx
- von Arx
- von Arx
- von Arx
- von Arx
- von Arx
- von Arx
- von Arx
- von Arx
- von Arx
- von Arx
- von Arx
- von Arx
- von Klopotek
- von Nägeli
- von Richter
- von Szilvinyi
- von Szilvinyi
- von Thümen
- von Thümen
- von Wettstein
- Vuillemin
- Vuillemin
- Vuillemin
- Vuillemin
- Vuillemin
- Vustin
- Vustin
- Vustin
- Vustin
- Vustin
- Vustin
- Vézinhet
- Vörös-Felkai
- Wagenbach
- Walker
- Walker
- Walker
- Walker
- Walker
- Walker
- Walker
- Walker
- Walmsley
- Walsh
- Walters
- Wang
- Ward
- Ward
- Watanabe
- Watson
- Watson
- Weber
- Weber
- Weete
- Wehmer
- Weidman
- Weigmann
- Weijman
- Weijman
- Weijman
- Weijman
- Weijman
- Weijman
- Weijman
- Weijman
- Weijman
- Weijman
- Weijman
- Weis
- Weisburg
- Wells
- Wells
- Went
- Wessels
- Wessels
- Westerdijk
- Whiffen
- White
- White
- White
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickerham
- Wickes
- Wickes
- Wickes
- Wickner
- Wickner
- Wieringa
- Will
- Will
- Will
- Williamson
- Williamson
- Wilmotte
- Wilson
- Wilson
- Wilson
- Wilson
- Wilson
- Windisch
- Windisch
- Windisch
- Windisch
- Windisch
- Windisch
- Wingard
- Winge
- Winge
- Winge
- Wingfield
- Winter
- Witte
- Woese
- Wojewoda
- Wolff
- Wolfram
- Wolfram
- Wong
- Woods
- Woollett
- Worsham
- Wright
- Wright
- Xu
- Yabe
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamada
- Yamaguchi
- Yamamoto
- Yamamoto
- Yamane
- Yamasaki
- Yamatoya
- Yamazaki
- Yamazaki
- Yamazaki
- Yamazaki
- Yamazaki
- Yamazaki
- Yamazaki
- Yamazaki
- Yamazaki
- Yan
- Yarrow
- Yarrow
- Yarrow
- Yarrow
- Yarrow
- Yarrow
- Yarrow
- Yarrow
- Yarrow
- Yarrow
- Yarrow
- Yarrow
- Yarrow
- Yarrow
- Yarrow
- Yokomori
- Yokote
- Yokotsuka
- Yonezawa
- Yoo
- Yoo
- Young
- Young
- Yue
- Yue
- Yue
- Yukawa
- Zambino
- Zamir
- Zekhnov
- Zender
- Zender
- Zhu
- Zhu
- Zickler
- Zierdt
- Zikes
- Ziminermann
- Zopf
- Zopf
- Zorg
- Zsolt
- Zsolt
- Zsolt
- Zsolt
- Zuger
- Zugmaier
- Zundel
- Zwillenberg
- Šašek
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/1998
- Field of study
Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context
- Author
- A. Lina Rosengren
- Abram Burgher
- Adam B. Brosz
- Adam Rosen
- Adam Schwartz
- Adriana Sordo Duran
- Adrienna Marquez
- Adrienne E. Shapiro
- Aeiress Duhart
- Afsoon Roberts
- Albert Liu
- Alejandro Hoberman
- Alejandro Quintín Barrat Hernández
- Alex Greninger
- Alexander Clark
- Alfredo Gilberto Guerreros Benavides
- Alice McGarry
- Alicia Arrazcaeta
- Alisha Lutat
- Alison Bondell
- Alison Pellecchia
- Allie Oplinger
- Allison Green
- Allison O'Brien
- Alpa Patel
- Alyssa-Kay Peay
- Amanda Horn
- Amanda Lilienthal
- Amanda Occhino
- Amanda Philyaw
- Amaran Moodley
- Amber Grant
- Amber Stanford
- Amesika Nyaku
- Amie Shannon
- Amina Z. Haggag
- Amit Paliwal
- Amy Caldwell
- Amy Chamberlain
- Amy Dye
- Amy Falk
- Amy Kelley
- Amy Medina
- Amy Potts
- Amy Salzl
- Amy Sherman
- Amy Starr
- Amy Thompson
- Andrea Berry
- Andrea Clement
- Andrea Wendrow
- Andrea Zimmer
- Andres Bran
- Andres Camacho-Gonzalez
- Andrew Lauria
- Andrew McConnell
- Andrew McWilliams
- Anelgine C. Yoon
- Angela Lee
- Angela R. Branche
- Angelica Kottkamp
- Angella Webb
- Ann M. Milliken
- Ann R. Falsey
- Anna S. Lok
- Anna Wald
- Anne Marit de Groot
- Anne-Marie Rick
- Annette R. Bennett
- Annie Ciambruschini
- Annie Luetkemeyer
- Anthony Kim
- Anum Abbas
- Anyela Lara
- April Pixler
- Ariana C. Stanton
- Arthur L. Zemanek
- Asha Inniss
- Ashley Kennedy
- Ashley Perez
- Ashley Warden
- Asif Noor
- Atoya Adams
- Aurelio Cruz-Valdez
- Austin Chan
- Austin Swanson
- Ayanna Walters
- Ayoade Avworo
- Bailey Jordan
- Barbara Corral
- Barbara Rizzardi
- Barbara Rizzardi
- Barbara S. Taylor
- Barry S. Zingman
- Barton G. Williams
- Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Becky Martinez
- Ben Ladner
- Benjamin Eckhardt
- Benjamin J. Luft
- Bernard Grunstra
- Beth Safirstein
- Bethanie Wilkinson
- Beverly E. Sha
- Beverly Ewing
- Bindu Balani
- Blanca Gomez
- Bo Shopsin
- Boerries Brandenburg
- Brandie Taylor
- Brandon J. Essink
- Brandy Ball
- Breanz Watkins
- Brenda Dorcely
- Brendan Levy
- Brett Gray
- Brett Leav
- Brian D.W. Chow
- Brit Sovic
- Brittany Feijoo
- Brittany Stewart
- Bruce C. Gebhardt
- Bruce G. Rankin
- Bruce McClenathan
- Bruno Valenti
- Bryan Gordon
- C. Mary Healy
- Caitlin J. Guiney
- Caitlin Moran
- Candace Smith
- Candice Montros
- Carina A. Rodriguez
- Carl Fichtenbaum
- Carl P. Griffin
- Carlos A. Fierro
- Carlos del Rio
- Carlos Lopez
- Carlos Malvestutto
- Carmel B. Dyer
- Carmen A. Paez
- Carmen Amador
- Carmen D. Zorrilla
- Carmen Medina
- Carol Ann Linebarger
- Carol Kauffman
- Carol L. Mitchell
- Carolene Stephenson
- Caroline Greene
- Carolyn Scatamacchia
- Carolyn Tran
- Carrie Johnston
- Carrie Sopher
- Catherine A. Bunce
- Catherine Mary Healy
- Catherine Q. Gular
- Cathy Laflan
- Cecilia McKeown-Bragas
- Celia Gonzalez
- Celia Maxwell
- Charles Harper
- Charles M. Fogarty
- Charlotte-Paige Rolle
- Charnell Cromer
- Chelsea Miles
- Chelsie Nutsch
- Chelsie Nutsch
- Chen S. Tan
- Chenchen Yu
- Cheryl Nuss
- Cheryl Young
- Chimeremma Nnadi
- Chinar Desai
- Christian Tomaszewski
- Christina A. Rostad
- Christina Bacher
- Christina Kennelly
- Christine Akamine
- Christine B. Turley
- Christine Hull
- Christine Wilson
- Christopher Carpenter
- Christopher Dedon
- Christopher Galloway
- Christopher Matich
- Christy Schmeck
- Christy Sweet
- Clarence B. Creech II
- Clarisse Baudelaire
- Claudia De La Matta Rodriguez
- Claudia Espinosa
- Claudio Nuñez Lagos
- Clint C. Guillory
- Clint Wilson
- Codi M. Anthony
- Colleen F. Kelley
- Colleen Jacobsen
- Connie Moya
- Cora Sonnier
- Corey G. Anderson
- Corey M. Chen
- Cornell Calinescu
- Corrina Pavetto
- Cortney Burch
- Cory J. Huffine
- Craig Dietz
- Cristina Cicogna
- Crystal Rowell
- Cynthia Becher Strout
- Cynthia Brown
- Cynthia Bueno
- Cynthia L. Gay
- Cynthia L. Monaco
- Cynthia Montano-Pereira
- Cyrus Hoseyni
- Dakotah C. Lane
- Dalia Tovar
- Daniel Duncanson
- Daniel Hoft
- Daniel Kaul
- Daniel S. Graciaa
- Daniel T. Lawler
- Daniela Pineda Méndez
- Danielle Raley
- Danny Sugimoto
- Danyel Johnson
- Darlene Bartilucci
- David B. Musante
- David Beckmann
- David Browder
- David Dellaero
- David Fitz-Patrick
- David Halpert
- David I. Bernstein
- David J. Diemert
- David J. Ensz
- David Kline
- David L. Fried
- David Metzger
- David Pampe
- David Pitrak
- David R. Andes
- David Rosenberg
- David Tatelbaum
- David Wohl
- Dawn Furey
- Dawn Robison
- Dean Follmann
- Dean M. Boswell
- Deanna Cooper
- Debora Dunbar
- Deborah A. Theodore
- Deborah Murray
- Debra B. Schroeck
- Delia Bullock
- Denis Tarakjian
- Denise Casey
- Denise Roadman
- Denise Sample
- Denisse Alejandra González Estrada
- Derek Lewis
- Derek M. Smith
- Destiny S. Heinzig-Cartwright
- Diana Badillo
- Diana F. Florescu
- Diana Vegas
- Dianca Sierra
- Diane H. Johnson
- Dilek Ince
- Dima Dandachi
- Dirk Heerwegh
- Dolores Rijos
- Donald M. Brandon
- Donald Quinn
- Donna Percy
- Doris Franco-Vitteri
- Douglas S. Denham
- E. Javier Pretell Alva
- Edgar Garcia
- Edith Swann
- Eduardo Gabriel Vázquez Saldaña
- Edward C. Jones-López
- Edward E. Walsh
- Edward Ellerbeck
- Edward M. Tavel Jr.
- Elham Ghadishah
- Elie Gharib
- Elisa Swieboda
- Elissa Malkin
- Elizabeth Barranco-Santana
- Elizabeth Bennett
- Elizabeth Bruce
- Elizabeth Danford
- Elizabeth Duke
- Elizabeth E. Robison
- Elizabeth Everette
- Elizabeth Formentini
- Elizabeth Hammershaimb
- Elizabeth Parker
- Elizabeth Secord
- Ellie Carmody
- Elliot DeHaan
- Elwaleed Elnagar
- Emily Degan
- Emily Oppenheim
- Emma Bainbridge
- Emmanuel B. Walter
- Eneyda Giuvanela Llerena Zegarra
- Enrique Ocaña
- Eric A. Meyerowitz
- Eric Bravo
- Eric McGrath
- Eric Miller
- Erica Herc
- Erica Johnson
- Erica Osmundsen
- Erica Sanchez
- Erika A. Cutz
- Erika Mendoza
- Erin A. Goecker
- Erin Cooksey
- Erin Coston
- Ernesto Delgado
- Esther L. Harmon
- Esther S. Huffine
- Evan C. Ewers
- Evan J. Anderson
- Evelyn Hall
- Evelyn Lomasney
- Evelyn Quevedo
- Fan Yang
- Farah Irani
- Farhan Siddiqui
- Fernanda Morales
- Fernando L. Merino
- Filip Dubovsky
- Flora Castellino
- Florence Momplaisir
- Florida Aristy
- Frances Downing
- Frank James
- Frank S. Eder
- Frank Struyf
- Fred E. Newton
- Frederick Raiser III
- Fredric Santiago
- Gail Broder
- Gary Albert
- Gary Headden
- Gary Horwith
- Gary Luckasen
- Gary Simon
- Gayle D. Hennekes
- Genevieve Beninati
- Genevieve Iwuala
- George H. Bauer Jr.
- George H. Freeman
- Georgette Ebuh
- Georgettea Geuss
- Gerald Kelty
- Germán Áñez
- Getahun Abate
- Gina Rivero
- Glenda E. Gray
- Glenn Wortman
- Gowdhami Mohan
- Grant Ellsworth
- Grant Geiger
- Greg Hachigian
- Greg Wilson
- Gregg H. Lucksinger
- Gregory C. Utz
- Gregory Holt
- Gregory J. Feldman
- Gregory M. Glenn
- Gregory M. Gottschlich
- Griet Van Roey
- Guillermo Miguel Ruiz-Palacios
- Gysella Muniz
- Hala Webster
- Hana M. El Sahly
- Hanh Chu
- Hanh Chu
- Hannah Catan
- Hannah Harrington
- Hannah Nevarez
- Haoua Dunbar
- Hayes Williams
- Heather Rattenbury-Shaw
- Henry Peralta
- Hilario Alvarado
- Hillary Dunlevy
- Holli Hamilton
- Holly E. Janes
- Hong V. Tieu
- Horacio Marafioti
- Howard I. Schwartz
- Howard Schwartz
- Hussain Malbari
- Huub G. Gelderblom
- Hyman Scott
- Ian De Proost
- Ian Frank
- Ian Hirsch
- Iksung Cho
- Ilse Van Dromme
- Insiya Valika
- Irene Graham
- Irene McKnight
- Iris García
- Isaac Thomsen
- Isabel Pereira
- Issac Pena-Renteria
- Jack Stapleton
- Jacob Coleman
- Jacqueline Miller
- Jacqueline Muenzner
- Jaleh Ostovar
- Jaleh Ostovar
- Jalima Quintero
- James Andersen
- James Fry
- James G. Kublin
- James H. Conway
- James Longe
- James Lovell
- James N. Goldenberg
- James Peacock
- James Ramsey
- James T. Peterson
- James W. Hurst
- James Walker
- James Zhou
- Jamie Ackerman
- Jamshid Saleh
- Jan Patterson
- Janet Garvey
- Janet Hill
- Janet Mendez
- Janet Otto
- Janeth Pacheco-Flores
- Janice Suyehira
- Janine Maenza
- Jarek Juraszek
- Jason F. Okulicz
- Jason Milligan
- Jay Meyer
- Jayasree Krishnankutty
- Jeanne Blevins
- Jeb Andrews
- Jeff Kingsley
- Jeffrey A. Henderson
- Jeffrey Adelglass
- Jeffrey Dugas Sr.
- Jeffrey Klein
- Jeffrey M. Jacobson
- Jeffrey Meier
- Jeffrey Rosen
- Jeffrey S. Overcash
- Jeffrey Thessing
- Jeffry Jacqmein
- Jenina Garcia
- Jennie Johnson
- Jennifer A. Johnson
- Jennifer A. Whitaker
- Jennifer Bashour
- Jennifer Berry
- Jennifer Chang
- Jennifer Foley
- Jennifer Knishinsky
- Jennifer Knowles
- Jennifer L. Dong
- Jennifer McCarter
- Jennifer Petts
- Jennifer Schwartz
- Jennifer Winbigler
- Jenny Hendriks
- Jerald Sadoff
- Jeremy Ackermann
- Jeremy Brown
- Jerome Custers
- Jerome G. Naifeh
- Jesse L. Clark
- Jessica E. Justman
- Jessica G. Andriesen
- Jessica Heimonen
- Jessica Ibarra
- Jessica L. Ansel
- Jessica L. Lee
- Jessica L. Weidler
- Jessica M. Mena
- Jessica Ortega
- Jessica Rodriguez
- Jessica Stahl
- Jewel J. White
- Jill Blumenthal
- Jill Kessler
- Jill York
- Jim Callis
- Joan Rothenberg
- Joanne L. Billings
- Jocelyn Zuleica Olmos Vega
- Jodi Meck
- Joel Solis
- Johan Vingerhoets
- John A. Kirby
- John J. Treanor
- John Johnson
- John Lucaj
- John M. Hill
- John Mascola
- John S. Kizer
- John Sanders
- John W. McGettigan Jr.
- John Witbeck
- Jon F. Dedon
- Jon Finley
- Jonathan Staben
- Jonlyn McGettigan
- Jordan Coslet
- Jordan L. Whatley
- Jorge A. Benitez
- Jorge A. Chacón
- Jorge Caso
- Jorge F. Méndez Galván
- Jose A. Bazan
- Jose C. Mancilla
- Jose Castillo Mancilla
- Jose Gonzales-Zamora
- Joseph Bocchini
- Joseph Boscia
- Joseph D. Davis
- Joseph Eron Jr.
- Joseph Grillo
- Joseph J. Eron
- Joseph L. Newberg
- Joseph P. Connor
- Joseph Yusin
- Joshua Rindt
- José O. Alemán
- Joy Nelson
- Juan J. Rivera
- Juan Luis Yrivarren Giorza
- Juan P. Torres
- Juan V. Guanira-Carranza
- Juana R. Pavie
- Juana Rivera
- Judith Borger
- Judith Brady
- Judith L. Kirstein
- Judith Martin
- Judy Pi
- Julia Hutter
- Julia Lord
- Julian A. Torres
- Julie A. Ake
- Julie Hussey
- Julie Ledgerwood
- Julie White
- Julio Nasim
- Justin Singletary
- Kacie Sales
- Kami Kim
- Karen Deutsch
- Karen Freudemann
- Karen L. Kotloff
- Karen Ruperto
- Karen Sofia Vega Orozco
- Karen Tashima
- Karin Choquette
- Karina Cano Martínez
- Karl M. Thompson
- Karla Beatriz Tafur Bances
- Karla Zepeda
- Kary Kelly
- Kate Harden
- Kate Jaegle
- Kate Zenlea
- Katherine Smith
- Katherine Stapleton
- Kathleen Linder
- Kathleen M. Mullane
- Kathleen M. Neuzil
- Kathleen Menasche
- Kathleen S. Jones
- Kathryn E. Stephenson
- Kawsar R. Talaat
- Keith R. Jerome
- Keith W. Vrbicky
- Kelly Kush
- Kelly McQuarrie
- Ken Ho
- Kendra Enright
- Kendra Lisec
- Kenneth Finkelstein
- Kenneth H. Mayer
- Kenneth Steil
- Kevin D. Cannon
- Kevin Parks
- Kevin Zhang
- Kia Lee
- Kia Lee
- Kim Quillin
- Kimberly Mueller
- Kimberly Nieves
- Kimberly Nofz
- Kimberly Snell
- Kinara S. Yang
- Kirsten Hauge
- Kristen Johnson
- Kristen K. Pierce
- Kristen Kiersey
- Kristin Bialobok
- Kristin Marks
- Kristina Harrison
- Kristine J. Kucera
- LaKondria Curry
- Lalitha Parameswaran
- Larkin T. Wadsworth III
- LaShondra Cade
- LaTeshia Thomas-Seaton
- Laura Hernandez Guarin
- Laura Julia Camacho Choza
- Laura Kogelman
- Laura Pearlman
- Laura Pearlman
- Laura Porterfield
- Laura Ruy Sanchez Guerrero
- Laura Stulken
- Lauren Clement
- Lauren Newhouse
- Laurence Chu
- Laurie J. Han-Conrad
- Lawrence Corey
- Lawrence J. Purpura
- Lazaro Gonzalez
- Leana Woodside
- Lee Tomatsu
- Leena Paul
- Leila Hojat
- Leland N. Allen III
- Lena R. Freese
- Leonard Singer
- Les B. Forgosh
- Lesley Browder
- Leslie A. Edwards
- Leslie Iverson
- Lilly Immergluck
- Lily Aleman
- Lina M. Forero
- Linda M. Schipani
- Linda Murray
- Linda R. Belhorn
- Lindsey R. Baden
- Lisa A. Jackson
- Lisa Chrisley
- Lisa Cohen
- Lisa Holloway
- Lisa J. Sanders
- Lisa Johnson
- Lisa M. Dunkle
- Lisa S. Usdan
- Lisa Stangl
- Lisa Stevens Rameaka
- Logan Ledbetter
- Lois Katz
- Lora J. McGill
- Lori Nesbitt
- Lucy Ng-Price
- Luis H. González
- Luis I. De La Cruz
- Luke Friesen
- Luz Zapata
- Lyly Dang
- Lyndsea Folsom
- Lynn Eckert
- Lynne A. Haughey
- M. Juliana McElrath
- M. Mahdee Sobhanie
- Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk
- Maggie Bowers
- Maggie Lewis
- Mai Pham
- Malina Regalado
- Mamodikoe Makhene
- Mandy Vowell
- Manisha Horton
- Mara Kryvicky
- Marc Siegel
- Marcel Curlin
- Marcia Bernard
- Marcia O'Leary
- Marcus J. Zervos
- Marcy Kulic
- Margaret Cheng
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- Uriel R. Felsen
- Valentine M. Ebuh
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- Vida Veronica Ruiz Herrera
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- Vincent Mirkil
- Vivek Rajasekhar
- Viviana Gonzalez
- Vladimir Berthaud
- Walter Patton
- Wanda Ramon
- Waseem Chughtai
- Wayne L. Harper
- Wayne Woo
- Wendell Lewis
- Wendell Lewis III
- Wendy A. Keitel
- Wesley Campbell
- Wesley Van Ever
- Westly Keating
- Whitney West
- Will Hernandez
- William B. Davis
- William B. Smith
- William H. Jones
- William Jennings
- William Kirby
- William P. Silver
- William R. Hartman
- William S. Davis Jr.
- William Schnitz
- William Seger
- Winniberg Stephany Alvarez León
- Winston Cavert
- Xiaomi Tong
- Yaa D. Oppong
- Yi H. Wu
- Ying Huang
- Yogesh K. Paliwal
- Youyi Fong
- Yunda Huang
- Yunda Huang
- Yvonne Davis
- Zachary Bittner
- Zainab Rizvi
- Zindy Yazmín Zárate Hinojosa
- Zudi-Mwak Takizala
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 01/10/2023
- Field of study
Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health
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Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context
- Author
- Abad Vanessa
- Abate Getahun
- Abbas Anum
- Ackerman Jamie
- Ackerman Ronald
- Ackermann Jeremy
- Adams Atoya
- Adams Mark S.
- Adams Michael R.
- Adelglass Jeffrey
- Afework Sarah
- Ahmad Nina
- Akamine Christine
- Ake Julie A.
- Al-Ibrahim Mohamed S.
- Albert Gary
- Alcaide Maria L.
- Alderson Nathan
- Aleman Lily
- Alemán José O.
- Allaw Mohammed
- Alva E. Javier Pretell
- Alvarado Hilario
- Amador Carmen
- Andersen James
- Anderson Corey G.
- Anderson Evan J.
- Anderson Victoria R.
- Andes David R.
- Andrasik Michele P.
- Andree Stephanie
- Andrews Jeb
- Andriesen Jessica G.
- Andriulis Victoria
- Ansel Jessica L.
- Anthony Codi M.
- Antwi Mohammed
- Arduino Roberto C.
- Aristy Florida
- Arnold Valerie K.
- Arrazcaeta Alicia
- Atmar Robert L.
- Avworo Ayoade
- Bacher Christina
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- Badillo Diana
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- Baka Michele
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- Áñez Germán
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/10/2023
- Field of study
Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health