A Critical Comparative Scriptural Analysis of Genesis 1:1-5 based on Hebrew, Aramaic, Syriac, Greek, and Coptic Manuscripts

A translation of Gen. 1:1-5 may seem to be both close and far at the same time from the original Hebrew text because of historical, geographical, theological, cultural, philological, and linguistic reasons. The scribes who translated the biblical narrative of the creation of light from Hebrew to a lingua franca of their time had a translation technique. They knew what they were doing. They provided a translation that the people of their time (d’alors) could understand, depending on a consideration of the milieu where they lived, and the jargon used to express their ideas – straight or in a zigzag manner – derived from the Hebraic text. This dissertation demonstrates that with regards to the translators of Gen. 1:1-5 from Hebrew to Aramaic, Syriac, Greek, and Coptic, their translations suggest what they were doing as scribes, their ideologies, and their methodology for their word choices. Fascinatingly, Gen. 1:1-5 meant different things for interpreters of the same biblical passage from the Essenes to scholars of modern times. I try to discern what it was for each period. In this work, a study of both the original text and the translations are provided. I present a critical comparative scriptural analysis of Gen. 1:1-5 based on Hebrew, Aramaic, Syriac, Greek, and Coptic manuscripts. First, to reach this goal, I deal with the accuracy of the translation and its fidelity to the thought of the biblical writers, as the worldview and theology of the scribes influenced their translations. Second, I weigh the significance of the lexical and grammatical details of the Hebrew, Aramaic, Syriac, Greek, and Coptic texts of the first day of creation (Gen. 1:1-5). Third, my aim is to show how complicated translation work is and to highlight how subtle shifts in translation change meaning. The reader of the Hebrew original text and these five translations has a broader view of the creation of light than the view that is presented just by the Hebrew Bible, because no one text can claim to have said it all. Last but not least, I explain, with the help of an historico-philological method of interpretation, the meaning of the Biblical text, to arrive, as nearly as possible, at the sense that the words of Gen. 1:1-5 were intended to have for the reader at the time when they were written

Some Aspects of the Biology of a Predaceous Anthomyiid Fly, \u3ci\u3eCoenosia Tigrina\u3c/i\u3e

The results of a two-year study in Michigan on the incidence of Coenosia tigrina adults under different onion production practices is presented. In Michigan, C. tigrina has three generations and is more abundant in organic agroecosystems than chemically-intensive onion production systems

Characterization of Arabidopsis Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2α (eIF2α) Mutants

Plants are stationary organisms that are charged with overcoming a multitude of biotic and abiotic stresses. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) is responsible for charging the P-site of the forming 80S ribosome with the initiator methionyl-tRNA. Thus, eIF2 is a protein of utmost consequence in the growth and development of organisms. The eIF2 protein is also a mediator of global translational regulation in the eukaryotic integrated stress response (ISR), where the α-subunit is phosphorylated by protein kinases, such as the kinase GCN2. Here, five eIF2α allele mutants in Arabidopsis were found to be deleterious to plant growth, development, and reproduction. Additionally, eIF2α RNA and protein were expressed at variable levels in eIF2α mutant seedlings and maturing rosette-stage plants. Plants overexpressing eIF2α wild-type and phospho-variant alleles had altered root lengths and displayed variable growth defects at the rosette and reproductive stages. Finally, recombinant forms of eIF2α, an alleged partner protein ABCF1, and the GCN2-kinase domain were expressed and purified from an E. coli cell line. These data demonstrate that the eIF2α gene plays a vital role in the growth and development of seedlings and mature Arabidopsis plants and overexpression of eIF2α disrupts the native development of plant structures

Schets van de strijd over de generatio spontanea en van de beteekenis van deze strijd voor de ontwikkeling van de microbiologie

Door de onderzoekingen van Redi, Vallisnieri, Swammerdam en Leeuwenhoek is, ten aanzien van de kleine, lagere en hoogere dieren de strijd voor de mogelijkheid eener spontane generatie vrijwel tot stilstand gebracht.... Zie: Samenvattin

Determinism and the Role of Moral Responsibility

In order to solve the apparent incompatibility between moral responsibility and determinism, it is necessary to understand moral responsibility in terms of the function it plays within moral systems, which is highly similar to the role played by laws within judicial systems. By showing that a conception of moral responsibility based upon desert is metaphysically untenable, a function-based conception will be showed to be much more likely. Furthermore, by considering why the desert-based conception has proven so resilient, insight into the moral responsibility/determinism debate may be possible. Lastly, this paper considers whether the problems with this conception can be solved, and if not, what kinds of problems would need to be avoided in considered alternate conceptions