A Preliminary Analysis of the Supply and Demand for Middle School Mathematics and Science Teachers in Virginia

Virginia Colleges and Universities have a major challenge to produce educated elementary and middle school students. The magnitude of this challenge can be measured by studying the number of current teachers in each grade in Virginia and the anticipated retirements and departures from the profession for other reasons. The new licensure requirements have their biggest impact for the preparation of middle school teachers since middle school teachers will no longer be able to receive general middle school certification

Punishment and the Limits of Evolutionary Analysis

Review of: Morris B. Hoffman, The Punisher’s Brain: The Evolution of Judge and Jury (Cambridge 2014)

L’état actuel des études stratégiques : À propos des hérissons et des renards

Western writers and thinkers can be divided into two categories : those who are hedgehogs and emphasize one central vision and unity of the world, and those who are foxes who emphasize diversity, separateness and uniqueness. My argument in this article is that much of the debate about the proper place of strategic studies in the larger field of international relations stems from this major distinction. The strategists tend to be hedgehogs who take one paradigm, one set of applications and one set of political commitments and make a great deal out of it. I will argue that there is also merit to understanding that there are foxes as well, who would place the central vision of the strategists in a larger context of other truths, other applications, and broader commitments

Alternative Alices: Visions and Revisions of Lewis Carroll\u27s Alice Books

Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking Glass (1871) are among the most enduring works in the English language. In the decades following their publication, writers on both sides of the Atlantic produced no fewer than two hundred imitations, revisions, and parodies of Carroll’s fantasies for children. Carolyn Sigler has gathered the most interesting and original of these responses to the Alice books, many of them long out of print. Produced between 1869 and 1930, these works trace the extraordinarily creative, and often critical, response of diverse writers. These writers—male and female, radical and conservative—appropriated Carroll’s structures, motifs, and themes in their Alice-inspired works in order to engage in larger cultural debates. Their stories range from Christina Rossetti’s angry subversion of Alice’s adventures, Speaking Likenesses (1874), to G.E. Farrow\u27s witty fantasy adventure, The Wallypug of Why (1895), to Edward Hope’s hilarious parody of social and political foibles, Alice in the Delighted States (1928). Anyone who has ever followed Alice down the rabbit hole will enjoy the adventures of her literary siblings in the wide Wonderland of the human imagination. A peculiar and intriguing assembly of material that demonstrates the diversity of responses to Lewis Carroll\u27s books. -- AB Bookman\u27s Weekly Sigler collects some jewels of literature by writers as diverse as Christina Rossetti, Frances Hodgson Burnett, E. Nesbit, Saki, and Edward Hope. Some of the pieces smack of Carrollian fantasy more than others, but all belong in this long-needed gathering of rare and sometimes difficult to locate texts. -- Choice A must for all Carrollians who like to have everything and for those of us who do not have all the continuations. This book could be used to start a good debate on Alice imitations. -- Lewis Carroll Review Sigler has collected a group of stories and excerpts that use the ALICE books of Lewis Carroll as a starting point. Some are imitations, some are parodies, some are satires, but all follow the basic \u27Alice\u27 model of the fantasy-dream, episodic structure, nonsense language, sudden shifts in identity, appearance and location . . . this is an interesting collection of pieces to have within the covers of one book. -- Library Journal Visions and revisions of Lewis Carroll\u27s Alice books are presented in a study which is recommended for any college-level student of Carroll\u27s influences -- Midwest Book Review This well-conceived anthology reprints generous extracts from notable revisions of Carroll\u27s \u27Alice\u27 stories, together with the illustrations accompanying these works. -- Nineteenth-Century Literature Among the 20 selections, written between 1869 and 1930, Sigler finds several gems: delightful homages, determined imitations and devotional sequels to Carroll\u27s works. -- Publishers Weekly This collection demonstrates the chord that Alice struck for Victorian and later writers and the symbolic place it has assumed in popular culture. -- Studies in English Literaturehttps://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_english_language_and_literature_british_isles/1010/thumbnail.jp