Resistencia antibiótica de bacterias aisladas en hemocultivos y urocultivos en niños hospitalizados. Hospital Nacional Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo 2017 – 2018

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance increases morbidity and mortality and is a serious problem in the world. Objective: to describe the antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated in blood and urine cultures in hospitalized children under 15 years of age. Material and Methods: Descriptive - retrospective study. Bacterial identification was made with VITEK XL, antibiotic susceptibility with CLSI. Results: Blood cultures: Staphylococcus hominis 12.5% ​​resistant to Vancomycin. Staphylococcus epidermidis had 100% resistance to Oxacillin and 0% resistance to Vancomycin. Urine cultures: Klebsiella pneumoniae 0% resistance to Amikacin, Gentamicin and Nitrofurantoin. Escherichia Coli, had resistance to Amikacin 1.96%, Nitrofurantoin 3.92%. Conclusions: E, Coli, resistance less than 6.25% for Amikacin and Nitrofurantoin. Klebsiella pneumoniae, 0% resistance for Amikacin and Gentamicin. Blood cultures: Staphylococcus epidermidis, zero resistance to Vancomycin. Staphylococcus hominis, resistance less than 12% for Vancomycin and Rifampicin.Introducción. La resistencia antimicrobiana incrementa la morbimortalidad y es un problema serio en el mundo. Objetivo: Describir la resistencia antibiótica de bacterias aisladas en hemocultivos y Urocultivos en niños hospitalizados menores de 15 años. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo – retrospectivo. La identificación bacteriana se hizo con VITEK XL, la susceptibilidad antibiótica con el CLSI. Resultados: Hemocultivos: Staphylococcus hominis 12,5% resistente a la Vancomicina. El Staphylococcus epidermidis, tuvo 100% de resistencia a Oxacilina y 0% resistencia a Vancomicina. Urocultivos: Klebsiella pneumoniae 0% resistencia a Amikacina, Gentamicina y Nitrofurantoina. La Escherichia Coli, tuvo resistencia para Amikacina 1,96%, Nitrofurantoina 3,92%. Conclusiones: E, Coli, resistencia menor de 6,25% para Amikacina y Nitrofurantoina. La Klebsiella pneumoniae, 0% de resistencia para Amikacina y Gentamicina. Hemocultivos: Estafilococo epidermidis, cero resistencia a Vancomicina. El Staphylococcus hominis, resistencia menor de 12% para Vancomicina y Rifampicina

Etnozoología del pueblo mayo-yoreme en el norte de Sinaloa: uso de vertebrados silvestres

An ethnozoological study was performed in 11 indigenous communities of the municipality of El Fuerte, Sinaloa, México, to describe the use of wild vertebrates. Of the people who used this resource, 53 % belonged to the Mayo-Yoreme people, but only one third still speaks their native tongue. Hunting is carried out only by men, primarily day laborers, who took advantage of 34 wild species, distributed in 21 families and 12 orders, with mammals being the most widely used. Hunting is carried out during most of the year, on weekends and during the first hours of the morning, although also during the night, both on foot and with the help of a vehicle. The main uses were for food, handcrafts and medicinal. The hunt was done primarily in shrubs and agricultural areas. The most frequently used hunting means were sling-shot (fork with a handle with a rubber tied to its ends, to be stretched out and used to shoot small stones), and rifle caliber 022. Of the people, 43.2 % considered the species as regularly abundant, while 18.7 % perceived them as scarce as the result from furtive hunting, deforestation and people’s needs. More than 90 % recognized as actions necessary for conservation the following: vigilance, not hunting in abundance and respecting the closed season.Se realizó un estudio etnozoológico en 11 comunidades indígenas del municipio de El Fuerte, Sinaloa, México, para describir el aprovechamiento de vertebrados silvestres. El 53 % de los que hicieron uso de este recurso pertenecieron al pueblo Mayo-Yoreme, pero solo una tercera parte aún habla su lengua materna. La caza es realizada solo por hombres, repartidos en 21 familias y 12 órdenes, principalmente jornaleros, quienes aprovecharon 34 especies silvestres, siendo los mamíferos los más aprovechado. La caza se realiza la mayor parte del año durante los fines de semana y en las primeras horas de la mañana, aunque también durante la noche; tanto a pie como con apoyo de un vehículo. Los principales usos fueron el alimentario, artesanal y medicinal. La caza se realizó principalmente en matorrales y áreas agrícolas. La resortera (horquilla con mango a cuyos extremos se unen los de una goma para estirarla y disparar piedras pequeñas) y el rifle calibre 022 fueron los medios de caza más utilizados. El 43.2 % consideró las especies como regularmente abundantes, mientras que 18.7 % las percibió escasas como consecuencia de la caza furtiva, la deforestación y las necesidades de las personas. Más de 90 % reconoció como acciones necesarias para la conservación, la vigilancia, no cazar en abundancia, y respeto a la veda

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

5to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

El V Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2019, realizado del 6 al 8 de febrero de 2019 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, ofreció a la comunidad académica nacional e internacional una plataforma de comunicación unificada, dirigida a cubrir los problemas teóricos y prácticos de mayor impacto en la sociedad moderna desde la ingeniería. En esta edición, dedicada a los 25 años de vida de la UPS, los ejes temáticos estuvieron relacionados con la aplicación de la ciencia, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación en cinco pilares fundamentales de nuestra sociedad: la industria, la movilidad, la sostenibilidad ambiental, la información y las telecomunicaciones. El comité científico estuvo conformado formado por 48 investigadores procedentes de diez países: España, Reino Unido, Italia, Bélgica, México, Venezuela, Colombia, Brasil, Estados Unidos y Ecuador. Fueron recibidas un centenar de contribuciones, de las cuales 39 fueron aprobadas en forma de ponencias y 15 en formato poster. Estas contribuciones fueron presentadas de forma oral ante toda la comunidad académica que se dio cita en el Congreso, quienes desde el aula magna, el auditorio y la sala de usos múltiples de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, cumplieron respetuosamente la responsabilidad de representar a toda la sociedad en la revisión, aceptación y validación del conocimiento nuevo que fue presentado en cada exposición por los investigadores. Paralelo a las sesiones técnicas, el Congreso contó con espacios de presentación de posters científicos y cinco workshops en temáticas de vanguardia que cautivaron la atención de nuestros docentes y estudiantes. También en el marco del evento se impartieron un total de ocho conferencias magistrales en temas tan actuales como la gestión del conocimiento en la universidad-ecosistema, los retos y oportunidades de la industria 4.0, los avances de la investigación básica y aplicada en mecatrónica para el estudio de robots de nueva generación, la optimización en ingeniería con técnicas multi-objetivo, el desarrollo de las redes avanzadas en Latinoamérica y los mundos, la contaminación del aire debido al tránsito vehicular, el radón y los riesgos que representa este gas radiactivo para la salud humana, entre otros

Evaluación del riesgo volcánico en el sur del Perú, situación de la vigilancia actual y requerimientos de monitoreo en el futuro. Informe técnico

En el presente trabajo se efectúa una estimación semicuantitativa, orientada a la evaluación objetiva del riesgo volcánico que representa la actividad volcánica a nivel nacional. Este sistema es una adaptación del modelo utilizado por el Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos (USGS) denominado “National Volcano Early Warning System” (NVEWS) desarrollado por Ewert et al. (2005). En todas las etapas de análisis (factores de peligro, y de factores de exposición) para la determinación del nivel de riesgo volcánico, así como la compilación de la instrumentación actualmente instalada sobre los volcanes del sur del Perú, se ha trabajado conjunta y coordinadamente entre especialistas del Observatorio Vulcanológico del Sur (OVS), Observatorio Vulcanológico de INGEMMET (OVI) y del Observatorio Geofísico de la Universidad Nacional de San Agustín (UNSA). Con este trabajo se busca clasificar a los 16 volcanes activos y potencialmente activos de nuestro país, en grupos de nivel de Riesgo Volcánico Relativo. Por otro lado, en este trabajo se establece también el grado o nivel óptimo de monitoreo y vigilancia actual para cada uno de los volcanes según su respectivo nivel de riesgo, de modo que posteriormente se hace una comparación entre el nivel óptimo y el nivel de vigilancia actualmente alcanzado. Se determina así cuánto falta aún por avanzar en la implementación de instrumental especializado para alcanzar una adecuada vigilancia de la actividad volcánica en el Perú

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe