Synthesis of carbohydrate-derived (Z)-vinyl halides and silanes: Samarium-promoted stereoselective 1,2-elimination on sugar-derived a-halomethylcarbinol acetates

Thanks are due to the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (CTQ2010-14959, CTQ2014-55015-P), for financial support. University of Aveiro and FCT/MEC for the financial support of the QOPNA research unit (FCTUID/QUI/00062/2013) through national funds and, where applicable, co-financed by the FEDER,within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement, and to the Portuguese NMR Network

Impact of an immunostimulant diet and constant temperature on liver carbohydrate metabolism in the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758

The impact of an immunostimulant diet -frequently used to avoid winter syndrome in aquaculture- on liver carbohydrate metabolism was assessed over a period of 230 days in the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata L., 1758. An enhancement of liver glycolytic, glycogenolytic and gluconeogenic potential in fish fed with immunostimulant diet was found, compared to a control group, suggesting an increase in liver metabolic activity. Moreover, immunostimulant-treated fish also showed higher values of lysozyme activity, along with a decrease in mortality, suggesting an increase in the nonspecific defence mechanism. The group kept at a 20°C constant temperature maintained appetite at normal levels, avoiding possible winter syndrome and obtaining better values for the production parameters studied (final weight, weight gain and mortality), compared with the control group.Se ha estudiado el efecto de una dieta inmunoestimuladora, usada frecuentemente en acuicultura para mitigar los efectos de la denominada enfermedad de invierno, y del mantenimiento a temperatura constante sobre el metabolismo hepático, los niveles de lisozimas y la mortalidad en dorada Sparus aurata L., 1758. El experimento se desarrolló durante un periodo de 230 días, observándose un incremento en los potenciales glucolítico y glucogenolítico, así como en el potencial gluconeogénico en el hígado de los ejemplares alimentados con la dieta inmunoestimuladora en relación al grupo de control. Estos resultados sugieren un aumento de la actividad metabólica hepática derivada de la dieta inmunoestimuladora. Asimismo, se observaron valores más elevados de los niveles de lisozimas simultáneos a una reducción de la mortalidad en el grupo tratado con inmunoestimuladores, lo que induce a concluir que esta dieta enriquecida fortalecería los mecanismos defensivos inespecíficos, disminuyendo la mortalidad. En el grupo de permanencia a temperatura constante de 20ºC se consiguió mantener el apetito de los peces y, por tanto, favorecer la prevención del posible síndrome de invierno, obteniéndose mejores valores en las distintas variables de producción estudiadas (peso final, ganancia de peso y mortalidad) con respecto al grupo de control.Instituto Español de OceanografíaVersión de editor

(S)-3-Dimethyl­amino-2-{(4S,5R)-5-[(R)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl}-2-hydroxy­propanoic acid

The Kiliani reaction on 1-de­oxy-(N,N-dimethyl­amino)-d-fructose, itself readily available from reaction of dimethyl­amine and d-glucose, proceeded to give access to the title β-sugar amino acid, C15H27NO7. X-ray crystallography determined the stereochemistry at the newly formed chiral center. There are two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit; they are related by a pseudo-twofold rotation axis and have very similar geometries, differing only in the conformation of one of the acetonide rings. All the acetonide rings adopt envelope conformations; the flap atom is oxygen in three of the rings, but carbon in one of them. There are two strong hydrogen bonds between the two independent mol­ecules, and further weak hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules to form infinite chains running parallel to the a axis

Verificación del diseño de tratamientos superficiales mediante el método MODOT T 72 y la sección 409 del Estado de Missouri y su posible incorporación a la normativa argentina

This paper verifies the relations among the specifications given by the Construction Materials and Transport Department of the State of Missouri, United States –Test Method MoDOT T 72 Sweep Test of Bituminous Surface Treatment Sample– and Section 409–Seal Coat– with the established specifications in the National Road Department folder from Argentina, considering further adjustments arising in the LEMaC in order to get a higher representation in relation to the field. For that purpose, it was designed a simple surface treatment using the dosage method proposed by Tagle –known as the 9-5-3 Rule– and a seal coat with crushing sand. This surface treatment is submitted to the Sweep Test, and taking into account the values given by the Section 409 from MoDOT, the dosage method efficiency is evaluated. The results were analyzed and a comparison was made between the dosage method and the specifications given in Section 409 –according to the seal coat gradation and the losses from the test. National Specifications have no numerical restrictions of such a loss, excepting the field experience and the test results where the surface treatment is already used to produce absence of roughness on a surface and the friction coefficient, besides the material parameters. Based on the experimentation tested a recommendation is given for a possible inclusion into the specifications referred.El presente artículo tiene por objeto observar la relación entre las especificaciones citadas en el Departamento de Transporte de Materiales de Construcción del Estado de Missouri, Estados Unidos “Test Method MoDOT T 72 Sweep Test of Bituminous Surface Treatment Simple” y la Sección 409 “Seal Coat” con las especificaciones establecidas en el Pliego de la Dirección Nacional de Vialidad de la República Argentina, considerando además adecuaciones surgidas en el LEMaC, a efectos de lograr mayor representatividad en relación a la obra. Para llevar a cabo la correlación de lo citado, se diseñó un tratamiento superficial simple con el método de dosificación propuesto por el Ing. Tagle, conocido como la Regla de 9-5-3 y una capa de sello con arena de trituración. Al tratamiento se lo somete al ensayo de barrido, y teniendo en cuenta los valores citados en la Sección 409 del MoDOT, se desea valorar la eficiencia del método de dosificación optado. Se analizaron los resultados obtenidos y se comparó si el método de dosificación con lo estipulado por la Sección 409 de acuerdo a la granulometría de la capa de sellado y las pérdidas derivadas del ensayo. En las Especificaciones Nacionales no existe una restricción numérica de dichas pérdidas sino solo la experiencia de obra y los resultados de ensayos cuando el tratamiento ya está colocado como lisura superficial, rugosidad y coeficiente de fricción, además de los parámetros de los materiales separadamente. Se ha logrado con la experimentación analizada, establecer una recomendación para su posible incorporación a los Pliegos citados

Epigenetics as a mechanism driving polygenic clinical drug resistance

Aberrant methylation of CpG islands located at or near gene promoters is associated with inactivation of gene expression during tumour development. It is increasingly recognised that such epimutations may occur at a much higher frequency than gene mutation and therefore have a greater impact on selection of subpopulations of cells during tumour progression or acquisition of resistance to anticancer drugs. Although laboratory-based models of acquired resistance to anticancer agents tend to focus on specific genes or biochemical pathways, such 'one gene : one outcome' models may be an oversimplification of acquired resistance to treatment of cancer patients. Instead, clinical drug resistance may be due to changes in expression of a large number of genes that have a cumulative impact on chemosensitivity. Aberrant CpG island methylation of multiple genes occurring in a nonrandom manner during tumour development and during the acquisition of drug resistance provides a mechanism whereby expression of multiple genes could be affected simultaneously resulting in polygenic clinical drug resistance. If simultaneous epigenetic regulation of multiple genes is indeed a major driving force behind acquired resistance of patients' tumour to anticancer agents, this has important implications for biomarker studies of clinical outcome following chemotherapy and for clinical approaches designed to circumvent or modulate drug resistance

Caspase Inhibition Blocks Cell Death and Enhances Mitophagy but Fails to Promote T-Cell Lymphoma

Caspase-9 is a component of the apoptosome that mediates cell death following release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Inhibition of Caspase-9 with a dominant negative construct (Casp9DN) blocks apoptosome function, promotes viability and has been implicated in carcinogenesis. Inhibition of the apoptosome in vitro impairs mitochondrial function and promotes mitophagy. To examine whether inhibition of the apoptosome would enhance mitophagy and promote oncogenesis in vivo, transgenic mice were generated that express Casp9DN in the T cell lineage. The effects of Casp9DN on thymocyte viability, mitophagy and thymic tumor formation were examined. In primary thymocytes, Casp9DN delayed dexamethasone (Dex)-induced cell death, altered mitochondrial structure, and decreased oxidant production. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that inhibition of the apoptosome resulted in structurally abnormal mitochondria that in some cases were engulfed by double-membrane structures resembling autophagosomes. Consistent with mitochondria being engulfed by autophagosomes (mitophagy), confocal microscopy showed colocalization of LC3-GFP and mitochondria. However, Casp9DN did not significantly accelerate T-cell lymphoma alone, or in combination with Lck-Bax38/1, or with Beclin 1+/− mice, two tumor-prone strains in which altered mitochondrial function has been implicated in promoting tumor development. In addition, heterozygous disruption of Beclin 1 had no effect on T-cell lymphoma formation in Lck-Bax38/1 mice. Further studies showed that Beclin 1 levels had no effect on Casp9DN-induced loss of mitochondrial function. These results demonstrate that neither inhibition of apoptosome function nor Beclin 1 haploinsufficiency accelerate T-cell lymphoma development in mice

Measurement of the Bottom-Strange Meson Mixing Phase in the Full CDF Data Set

We report a measurement of the bottom-strange meson mixing phase \beta_s using the time evolution of B0_s -> J/\psi (->\mu+\mu-) \phi (-> K+ K-) decays in which the quark-flavor content of the bottom-strange meson is identified at production. This measurement uses the full data set of proton-antiproton collisions at sqrt(s)= 1.96 TeV collected by the Collider Detector experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron, corresponding to 9.6 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. We report confidence regions in the two-dimensional space of \beta_s and the B0_s decay-width difference \Delta\Gamma_s, and measure \beta_s in [-\pi/2, -1.51] U [-0.06, 0.30] U [1.26, \pi/2] at the 68% confidence level, in agreement with the standard model expectation. Assuming the standard model value of \beta_s, we also determine \Delta\Gamma_s = 0.068 +- 0.026 (stat) +- 0.009 (syst) ps-1 and the mean B0_s lifetime, \tau_s = 1.528 +- 0.019 (stat) +- 0.009 (syst) ps, which are consistent and competitive with determinations by other experiments.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett 109, 171802 (2012