Morphometric analysis of cervical canal stenosis using computerized tomography (CT) scan in a North Indian Community

Introduction: Cervical spinal stenosis is a frequent condition that causes a lot of pain and disability. To avoid long-term disability as a result of irreversible spinal cord injury, quick diagnosis and treatment are required. Cervical vertebrae have smaller bodies than other vertebrae, and their purpose is to support the head, protect the spinal cord, and permit head movement. Material and Methods: A case control study has been undertaken at a tertiary care setting of Uttar Pradesh for a period of 1 year from June 2020 to May 2021. Patients with either cervical spine stenosis or facet joint arthrosis or both aged between 20 to 80 years of either gender who attended Out-patient departments of the hospitals were involved. Results: A sum of 83 individuals were made part of the Case group and 50 patients were included as the Controls. Around 50% of the case population were females (n=42) and 56% of the controls were males (n=28). The Mean±SD Torg ratio of C3 cervical vertebra among the case group was 0.78±0.05, where as it was 0.84±0.06 in the control group. Mean±SD Torg ratio of C4 cervical vertebra among the case group was 0.76±0.05, whereas it was 0.83±0.08 in the control group

Morphometric analysis of cervical canal by computerized tomography (CT) scan in north Indians

Introduction: Cervical spinal stenosis is a common disease that results in considerable morbidity and disability. It requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent long-term disabilities secondary to irreversible spinal cord injury. The bodies of the cervical vertebrae are smaller in size compared with those of other vertebrae and function to protect the spinal cord, support the head, and allow movement of the head (in flexion, extension, and rotation). Material and Methods: This is a Case control prospective study conducted at Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad and Mayo Institute of Medical Sciences, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh. The present study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy and Radio diagnosis. Diagnosed cases of (Neck pain) with suspected cervical canal stenosis and facet joint arthrosis from OPD of Department of Orthopedics and Neurology of Santosh Medical referred to Radio diagnosis department for CT scan was chosen as subject. Result: In our study, results suggest gradual increase of spinal canal Sagittal vertebral body diameter (AP-V), from C3 (14.06±0.76) to C7 (14.44±0.75). Furthermore, in our study at the level of C7 (9.23±0.40) the Sagittal spinal cord diameter (AP-SC) increases and the smallest sagittal diameter of the canal were detected at the level of C3 (9.05±0.47).&nbsp

A detailed study of arterial variations in circle of Willis among migraine and non migrainous patients in Western Uttar Pradesh

Background: The human brain represents 2% of human body weight. It is supplied by two major arteries, paired internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries. The arterial circle of Willis forms a polygonal anastomotic channel between two internal carotid artery and two vertebral arteries. The arterial circle is situated at the base of the brain in the interpeduncular fossa. Dr. Thomas Willis who first described the function of arterial anastomosis in 1966. Aim: To study the incidence of arterial variations in circle of willis among migraine patients of Western U.P. Methodology: Present study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Santosh Medical College Ghaziabad in collaboration with the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Rama Medical College & Hospital, Ghaziabad and from Dr. O.P Gupta Imaging Centre, Meerut. A total of 132 patients were scanned and 3D TOF sequence has been taken for MRA (BRAIN) examination.3D angiogram was reviewed for variation in brain. Results: The complete circle of Willis was absent among16.7% Migraine patients and 12.2% in non migrainous patients. The anterior communicating artery (A.com.) was absent in 26.7% migrainespatients and Anterior communicating artery were present in 73.3% in migrainous patients.&nbsp

Morphometric analysis of bregma and lambda and presence of any Wormian bone in bregma in north Indian population

Determination of sex from the skeletal remains is of medico legal importance for establishing the identity of an individual. The determination of deceased sex is first step in skeletal analysis since estimation of age at death, race,and stature depends on sex of the deceased. Total 100 adult dry skull were of unknown sex available in the Department of Anatomy Santosh medical college and hospital,Gaziabad and Government Institute of Medical Sciences,Greater Noida, were studied. Distance between bregma and lambda were obtained and presence of any sutural bone was observed in bregma. The results were compared with the present literature. Still there is a demand for further research to validate the distance from bregma to lambda for anthropometric use for particular race and various other surgical procedures

Morphometric measurements of anterior clinoid process in relation to parasellar osseous structures and their clinical significance

This study is to analyze the morphometry of anterior clinoid process (ACP) and the surrounding parasellar structures which is important for the surgeries related to cavernous sinus, ICA, and basilar artery. A cross-sectional study has been done on 77 adult human dry skulls among North Indian population. The length, width, thickness of ACP and distance between ACP to OS, distance between two ACPs, distance between PCPs, distance between ACP to PCP were measured using digital vernier caliper. The mean and standard deviation was calculated and paired t-test was applied for the comparison. The mean length and width and thickness of ACP was 8.72±0.94 mm, 8.13±1.16 mm and 1.10±0.44 mm on right and 8.57±0.91mm, 8.05±1.24 mm and 1.40±0.41mm on left side. The average distance between the ACP tip to OS and ACP and PCP tip was 6.01±1.11mm and 8.79±1.49mm on the right and 5.90±0.99mm and 8.47±1.49mm left side. The mean distance between the ACP tip and PCP tip was 20.10±2.36 mm and 12.63±2.03 mm respectively. We did not find any significant difference of morphometric parameters between the right and the left side. The anatomical knowledge of these structures and its variation will help surgeons to plan surgery around the parasellar region

A comprehensive study of magnetic resonance angiography of circle of Willis in population of Western Uttar Pradesh

Background: Circulus Arteriosus cerebrii, another name for Circle of Willis, establishes a polygonal anastomotic channel between two internal carotid arteries and two vertebral arteries. The arterial circle is located in the interpeduncular fossa, near the base of the brain. It has been established through anatomical and radiological studies that there are anatomical variations in healthy persons. Aim: To evaluate the anatomical variations in arteries of circle of Willis supplying brain through Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) in population of western UP. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study included 264 patients who met inclusion criteria. Non-contrast Magnetic Resonance Angiography of Circle of Willis was carried out among the individuals after a written informed consent.  Angiography of brain (circle of Willis) scanning protocol consisted of 3-dimensional time of flight Trans axial acquisition. MRA of brain was performed on GE 1.5 TESLA Optima MRI machine. MRA Brain angiography images were viewed for normal pattern of arterial anatomy and their variations. Results: The complete variant in male was 58.9% (n=103) while in females it was 59.6% (n=53). The incomplete variant in male & females was 41.1% (n=72) and 40.4% (n=36) respectively.&nbsp

A prospective cross-sectional study to assess the correlation of placental thickness with gestational age and fetal weight among pregnant women

Aim: The goal of the current study was to determine the average placenta thickness and foetus weight for each group of gestational age, as well as the relationship between placenta thickness and foetus weight for pregnant Indian women of various gestational ages. Methods: 202 pregnant women were included as study subjects in the current study utilising a convenient sample technique. The antenatal women underwent an ultrasound examination to measure placental thickness, gestational age, and fetus weight. The correlation between the gestational age in weeks, placental thickness in cm, and foetal weight in gram was determined using the Pearson's Correlation (r value). Statistical significance was defined as a P value of 0.05 or lower. Results: The mean placental thickness increased significantly from first follow up (1.61±0.26 cms) to second follow up (2.62±0.07 cms) and third follow up visit (3.35±0.26 cms). The mean placental thickness increased significantly from first follow up (1.61±0.26 cms) to second follow up (2.62±0.07 cms) and third follow up visit (3.350±0.26 cms). The estimated gestational age (11–20 weeks) had a 79.9% variability (R2) based on placental thickness (mm).

Thigh-length compression stockings and DVT after stroke

Controversy exists as to whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with invasive bladder cancer, despite randomised controlled trials of more than 3000 patients. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of such treatment on survival in patients with this disease