Relação docente-aluno: percepção de incidentes moralmente incorretos

La relación moral docente-alumno en medicina determina el vínculo que se entable con el paciente. Objetivo:comparar si los estudiantes de primero y tercer año de medicina de una universidad percibieron incidentes moralmente incorrectosrealizados por educadores. Materiales y métodos: encuesta semiestructurada con ítems cerrados y abierto: narrar un incidentemoralmente incorrecto, clasificado en seis categorías. Resultados: 80,7 % de tercero y 30,4 % de primero percibieron incidentesque fueron en su mayoría con auxiliares y en evaluación. Categorías más señaladas: maltrato verbal y evaluación injusta. Discusión:un incidente moralmente incorrecto es un concepto general, difiriendo de otros estudios, donde se analiza específicamente el maltrato,manifestado también en este. Conclusión: la falta de respeto y justicia podrían indicar la carencia de compromisosThe teacher-student relationship in medicine determines the bond established with the patient. Objective: This study was designed to compare if first and third year medical students at a university perceived incidents perpetrated by teachers as morally wrong. Materials and methods: A semi-structured survey was used with open and closed items; specifically, participants were asked to relate a morally wrong incident, classified to six categories. Results: 80.7% in the third-year students and 30.4% of the first-year students perceived incidents that involved mostly auxiliary personnel and evaluations. Verbal abuse and unfair assessment were the categories mentioned the most. Discussion: A morally wrong incident is a general concept, differing from other studies that specifically analyze abuse, also evident in this concept. Conclusion: A lack of respect and justice could indicate a lack of moral commitment.A relação moral docente-aluno em medicina determina o vínculo que se estabelece com o paciente. Objetivo: comparar se os estudantes de primeiro e terceiro ano de medicina de uma universidade perceberam incidentes moralmente incorretos realizados por educadores. Materiais e métodos: pesquisa semiestruturada com itens fechados e aberto: narrar um incidente moralmente incorreto, classificado em seis categorias. Resultados: 80,7 % de terceiro e 30,4 % de primeiro perceberam incidentes que foram em sua maioria com auxiliares e em avaliação. Categorias mais sinalizadas: maltrato verbal e avaliação injusta. Discussão: um incidente moralmente incorreto é um conceito geral, que difere de outros estudos, em que se analisa especificamente o maltrato, manifestado também neste. Conclusão: a falta de respeito e a justiça poderiam indicar a carência de compromissos morais.Fil: Rancich, Ana María. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Donato, Martin Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular; ArgentinaFil: Gelpi, Ricardo Jorge. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; Argentin

Relação docente-aluno: percepção de incidentes moralmente incorretos

La relación moral docente-alumno en medicina determina el vínculo que se entable con el paciente. Objetivo:comparar si los estudiantes de primero y tercer año de medicina de una universidad percibieron incidentes moralmente incorrectosrealizados por educadores. Materiales y métodos: encuesta semiestructurada con ítems cerrados y abierto: narrar un incidentemoralmente incorrecto, clasificado en seis categorías. Resultados: 80,7 % de tercero y 30,4 % de primero percibieron incidentesque fueron en su mayoría con auxiliares y en evaluación. Categorías más señaladas: maltrato verbal y evaluación injusta. Discusión:un incidente moralmente incorrecto es un concepto general, difiriendo de otros estudios, donde se analiza específicamente el maltrato,manifestado también en este. Conclusión: la falta de respeto y justicia podrían indicar la carencia de compromisosThe teacher-student relationship in medicine determines the bond established with the patient. Objective: This study was designed to compare if first and third year medical students at a university perceived incidents perpetrated by teachers as morally wrong. Materials and methods: A semi-structured survey was used with open and closed items; specifically, participants were asked to relate a morally wrong incident, classified to six categories. Results: 80.7% in the third-year students and 30.4% of the first-year students perceived incidents that involved mostly auxiliary personnel and evaluations. Verbal abuse and unfair assessment were the categories mentioned the most. Discussion: A morally wrong incident is a general concept, differing from other studies that specifically analyze abuse, also evident in this concept. Conclusion: A lack of respect and justice could indicate a lack of moral commitment.A relação moral docente-aluno em medicina determina o vínculo que se estabelece com o paciente. Objetivo: comparar se os estudantes de primeiro e terceiro ano de medicina de uma universidade perceberam incidentes moralmente incorretos realizados por educadores. Materiais e métodos: pesquisa semiestruturada com itens fechados e aberto: narrar um incidente moralmente incorreto, classificado em seis categorias. Resultados: 80,7 % de terceiro e 30,4 % de primeiro perceberam incidentes que foram em sua maioria com auxiliares e em avaliação. Categorias mais sinalizadas: maltrato verbal e avaliação injusta. Discussão: um incidente moralmente incorreto é um conceito geral, que difere de outros estudos, em que se analisa especificamente o maltrato, manifestado também neste. Conclusão: a falta de respeito e a justiça poderiam indicar a carência de compromissos morais.Fil: Rancich, Ana María. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Donato, Martin Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular; ArgentinaFil: Gelpi, Ricardo Jorge. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular; Argentin

Ischemic postconditioning reduces infarct size through the α1-Adrenergic receptor pathway

The α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) are involved in preconditioning. Given that certain intracellular pathways seem to be shared by preconditioning and postconditioning, it is possible that postconditioning could also be mediated by α1-ARs. The objective was to evaluate, by analyzing infarct size, if α1-ARs activation could trigger postconditioning and also determine Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) phosphorylation. Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of ischemia and 120 minutes of reperfusion (I/R; n = 8). After 30 minutes of global ischemia, we performed 6 cycles of reperfusion/ischemia of 10 seconds each, followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion [ischemic postconditioning group (postcon); n = 9]. In another postcon group, we administered prazosin during postcon protocol (postcon + prazosin; n = 7). Finally, we repeated the I/R group, but prazosin (prazosin; n = 7), phenylephrine (PE; n = 5) and clonidine (CL; n = 6) were administered during the first 2 minutes of reperfusion. Infarct size was measured using the triphenyltetrazolium chloride technique. Total and phosphorylated Akt and mitochondrial GSK-3β expression were measured by Western blot. Infarct size was 58.1 ± 5.1% in I/R. Postcon and PE reduced infarct size to 40.1 ± 2.9% and 35.3 ± 5.5%, respectively (P < 0.05 vs. I/R). Postcon + prazosin administration abolished the beneficial effect on infarct size (61.6 ± 4.5%; P < 0.05 vs. postcon). Cytosolic Akt phosphorylation and mitochondrial GSK-3β phosphorylation were higher in the postcon and PE groups compared with the I/R and postcon + prazosin groups. Prazosin or clonidine administration did not modify neither protein expression nor infarct size. Our data demonstrate that postconditioning decrease infarct size by activation of the α1-AR pathway through Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation.Fil: Buchholz, Bruno. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiopatologia Cardiovascular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: D'annunzio, Verónica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiopatologia Cardiovascular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Giani, Jorge Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Siachoque Montaño, Nadezda Ann Alexandra. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiopatologia Cardiovascular; ArgentinaFil: Dominici, Fernando Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Turyn, Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Perez, María Virginia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiopatologia Cardiovascular; ArgentinaFil: Donato, Martin Alejandro. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiopatologia Cardiovascular; ArgentinaFil: Gelpi, Ricardo Jorge. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiopatologia Cardiovascular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Severe aortic stenosis with preserved ejection fraction and evidence of impairment in structure, myocardial strain and ventricular function: A new contribution to clinical decision making

Background: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is among the parameters that are usually employed to define surgical timing of severe aortic stenosis (AS). Our hypothesis states that even when their LVEF is preserved, patients with severe symptomatic AS have impaired myocardial structure and function, and such impairment is related to the deleterious progression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) from the compensated to the decompensated stage, as shown by the changes in diastolic function and the increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Methods and Results: A total of 26 patients with severe AS and LVEF &gt; 50% referred for aortic valve replacement underwent catheterization, echocardiography and an intraoperative biopsy. Patients with severe symptomatic AS were classified as: group 1 (G1; compensated LVH, LVEDP &lt; 15 mm Hg without coronary artery disease [CAD], n = 7), group 2a (G2a, decom­pensated LVH, without CAD, n = 7), and group 2b (G2b, decompensated LVH with CAD, n = 12). Differences were seen in the following: myocyte area [μm2]: G1: 328 ± 66, G2a: 376 ± 22, G2b: 385 ± 13, p &lt; 0.01; collagen volume [%]: G1: 4.77 ± 1.27, G2a: 8.40 ± 1.27, G2b: 11.05 ± 3.08, p &lt; 0.01; LVEDP normalized by diastolic diameter [mm Hg/mm]: G1: 0.27 ± 0.01, G2a: 0.39 ± 0.06, G2b: 0.44 ± 0.11, p &lt; 0.02; +dP/dtmax/LVEDP [mm Hg/s/mm Hg]: G1: 176 ± 45, G2a: 89.6 ± 20, G2b: 113.1 ± 41, p &lt; 0.01; two-dimensional peak systolic longitudinal strain [%]: G1: –17.7 ± 4.75, G2a: –13.4 ± 3.04, G2b: –13.5 ± 3.13, p &lt; 0.05. Conclusions: Patients with severe symptomatic AS and preserved ejection fraction who de­velop decompensated LVH characterized by increased LVEDP, exhibit an abnormal myocardial structure and diastolic and systolic impairment

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| &lt; 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research